| Turkish Hearths | |
| Founded: | 1912, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire |
| Type: | Turkish cultural group |
| Status: | Independent (1912–1927) part of Republican People's Party (after 1927) |
| Purpose: | To spread and develop Turkish culture and language and to modernize Turkey |
| Headquarters: | Istanbul Ankara (after 1927) |
| Leader Title: | Leader |
| Leader Name: | Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver |
| Affiliations: | Republican People's Party |
| Website: | https://www.turkocaklari.org.tr/ |
| Size: | 30,000+ |
Turkish Hearths (Turkish: Türk Ocakları) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Turkey. It was founded in 1912, during the last years of the Ottoman Empire, in a period when almost all non-Turkish elements had their own national committees, and Turkish Hearths was founded as a Turkish national committee.
Following a meeting of the Young Turks, the Turkish nationalists, on 3 July 1911, the NGO was officially founded in Istanbul on 25 March 1912. According to the statute of Turkish Hearths, the activities were mostly concentrated on culture and education, raising the social, economic and intellectual level of the Turkish people for the perfection of the Turkish language and race.[1] [2] It published books and magazines, offered courses to raise the Turkish nationalist heritage, founded clubs and organized literary and artistic performances. It also supported students with lodging and health care.[3] After the Russian revolution in 1917 the president of the Turkish Hearths, Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver, also welcomed refugees of Turkic origin.[4] During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), Turkish Hearths supported the meetings held in Istanbul against the occupation of Istanbul. Some members of the organization were arrested by the Allies of World War I, and the activities of the Turkish Hearths were suspended.
After the War of Independence, the Turkish Hearths resumed its former activities with the support of the newly founded Turkish Republic. They were re-established in 1924,[5] and the number of its branch offices increased from 135 in 1925 to 255 in 1930.[6] These branches provided Mustafa Kemal Atatürk with locations for his speeches when he was on tour in the country. The hearths became a social institution, founded libraries and organized seminars on foreign languages, keeping a household, reading or writing among others. In April 1930, the Committee for the Study of Turkish History (TOTTTH) was established as an additional department of the Turkish Hearths.[7] Its first task was to publish a book "General Themes of Turkish History" (Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatlari) which influenced the development of the Turkish History Thesis.
In 1927, the Turkish Hearths' building for the central committee was established in the Çağaloğlu neighborhood of Istanbul and inaugurated by Ismet Inönü, who was a member of the Turkish Hearths since 1917. On the 23 April 1930, a Turkish Historical Commission was established as an additional department of the Turkish Hearths. The central office was moved from Istanbul to Ankara, and a spectacular building, the current building of State Art and Sculpture Museum, as its headquarters was built by using non-governmental funds. However, in the 1930s, the organization lost its non-political character, and on 10 April 1931 it merged into the Republican People's Party (CHP), the ruling party of Turkey at that time. Its head office was handed over to Peoples' Houses, a state sponsored enlightenment project.[8]
On 10 May 1949, the organization was reestablished with non-political character. Although the Turkish Hearts was not as active as in the previous term, beginning by 1954, it increased its activities. After a compulsory pause during the military rule, it continued after 1984.
The following were elected as the president of the Turkish Hearths:[10]
First term
Second term