| Skorenovac | |
| Native Name: | Скореновац |
| Other Name: | Székelykeve |
| Pushpin Map: | Serbia Vojvodina#Serbia#Europe |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Skorenovac within Serbia |
| Settlement Type: | Village (Selo) |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Serbia |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Vojvodina |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | South Banat |
| Subdivision Type3: | Municipalities |
| Population As Of: | 2002 |
| Total Type: | Skorenovac |
| Population Total: | 2574 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Coordinates: | 44.7589°N 20.9028°W |
| Elevation M: | 73 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 26228 |
| Area Code: | +381(0)13 |
| Blank Name: | Car plates |
| Blank Info: | KO |
Skorenovac (Serbian: Скореновац; Hungarian: Székelykeve; German: Skorenowatz,; Banat Bulgarian: Gjurgevo) is a village located in the Kovin municipality, in the South Banat District of Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.[1] The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority (86.71%) and a population of 2,574 (2002 census).
The closest towns are Kovin (6 km), Smederevo (17 km), Pančevo (30 km), and Belgrade (46 km).
The village named Gyurgyova-Rádayfalva (Đurđevo) existed between 1869 and 1886 at the location between Banatski Brestovac and Danube river.[2] In 1869, the population of Gyurgyova numbered 396 people, later, 1880 census, the population number drop to 298 people.[3] After initial settlement, which included Hungarian (Palóc) families from Banatsko Novo Selo (hun: Újfalu), Jermenovci (hun: Ürményháza), Sándorfalva, Szeged county and Banatski Dušanovac (hun: Szőlősudvarnok, ger: Rogendorf),[4] in 1883 came the first Székely settlement with total of 645 families or around 2,000 individuals.[5] The village was then known as Nagygyörgyfalva (1883–1886).
Later, in 1886, the population of the village was resettled to the location of present-day Skorenovac and Ivanovo.[6] The reason for resettlement to Skorenovac and Ivanovo was the flooding of the Danube river and the yearly annihilation of property in the village and its agricultural land. At the same time, the inhabitants' lives were in constant danger.
The village of Skorenovac (named Székelykeve 1886–1922[4]) was founded in 1886,[7] during the time of Franz Joseph I.[8] In the time of the village settlement, its territory was situated in the Torontál Vármegye (County) of the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1888 it had 506 houses and in 1910 the village had 685 houses. In 1912 it was situated in the Temes Vármegye (County). From 1922, the village is known as Skorenovac, from German Skorenowatz.[9]
The majority of the original settlers were Székely Hungarians who came from Bukovina, and also, in the same time frame, some German families from Plandište and Pločice and some Bulgarian families from Dudeștii Vechi (hun: Óbesenyő, ger: Altbeschenowa, Banat Bulgarian: Stár Bišnov) are settled in Skorenovac. Skorenovac is the southernmost village in Europe with a Hungarian majority.[10]
| Year | Total | Ethnic group | Percent of |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 4,541 | Hungarians | 73.31% |
| Germans | 11.94% | ||
| Bulgarians | 9.69% | ||
| Slovaks | 2.53% | ||
| Serbs | 1.26% | ||
| 1921[14] | 4,195 | ||
| Hungarians | 81.83% | ||
| Bulgarians | 10.27% | ||
| Germans | 7.34% | ||
| Serbs | 0.36% | ||
| Slovaks | 0.05% | ||
| 1948[15] | 4,465 | ||
| Hungarians | 84.46% | ||
| Bulgarians | 11.22% | ||
| Serbs | 3.18% | ||
| Germans | 0.70% | ||
| Slovaks | 0.05% | ||
| 1991 | 3,213 | ||
| Hungarians | 80.36% | ||
| Serbs | 9.40% | ||
| Yugoslavs | 3.36% | ||
| Bulgarians | 2.53% | ||
| Germans | 0.15% | ||
| 2002[16] | 2,501 | ||
| Hungarians | 86.71% | ||
| Serbs | 5.47% | ||
| Bulgarians | 2.99% | ||
| Yugoslavs | 1.04% | ||
| Germans | 0.07% |
| Year | Population | Households | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 396 | N.D. | |
| 1875 | N.D. | 265 | |
| 1880 | 298 | N.D. | |
| 1900 | 3,399 | 664 | |
| 1910 | 4,541 | 853 | |
| 1915 | 4,486 | N.D. | |
| 1921 | 4,195 | 847 | |
| 1931 | 4,099 | 927 | |
| 1936 | 4,366 | N.D. | |
| 1939 | 4,271 | N.D. | |
| 1942 | 4,464 | 1,020 | |
| 1948 | 4,465 | 1,069 | |
| 1953 | 4,403 | 1,105 | |
| 1961 | 4,306 | 1,143 | |
| 1971 | 4,021 | 1,119 | |
| 1981 | 3,731 | 1,328 | |
| 1991 | 3,213 | 1,086 | |
| 2002 | 2,501 | N.D. |
| School year | of students | |
|---|---|---|
| 1905–06 | 561 | |
| 1911–12 | 613 | |
| 1913–14 | 623 | |
| 1922–23 | 500 | |
| 1932–33 | 734 | |
| 1940–41 | 538 | |
| 1955–56 | 884 | |
| 1963–63 | 623 | |
| 1975–76 | 373 | |
| 1985–86 | 308 | |
| 1999–00 | 244 | |
| 2000–01 | 233 | |
| 2001–02 | 234 | |
| 2002–03 | 236 | |
| 2003–04 | 230 | |
| 2004–05 | 219 | |
| 2005–06 | 220 | |
| 2006–07 | 214 | |
| 2007–08 | 199 | |
| 2008–09 | 184 | |
| 2009–10 | 175 | |
| 2010–11 | 154 | |
| 2011–12 | 146 |
| Year | Population total | Hungarians | Others | Speaks Hungarian language | Reads and wrights on Hungarian language | Literacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1890. | 2.510 | 1,862 | 648 | 2,087 | 632 | 25.18% | |
| 1900. | 3,349 | 2,625 | 724 | 3,007 | 1,297 | 38.73% | |
The names of the villages in Bukovina from where the Székely settlers come are (in Hungarian with their Romanian equivalents): Istensegits (rom: Tibeni), Fogadjisten (rom: Iacobești), Hadikfalva (rom: Dornești), Józseffalva (rom: Vornicenii Mici), and Andrásfalva (rom: Maneuți). These villages are today in Romania, Suceava County, Bukovina; the closest bigger places are Rădăuţi and Botoşani.
The Bukovina Székely who settled in Skorenovac, Ivanovo, and Vojlovica are originally from Madéfalva (rom: Siculeni) village in the county of Csik (Harghita), Erdély (Transylvania), today in Romania. The Székelys of Bukovina in general are from the part of Erdély which is unofficially named the Székelyföld, which included Csikszék, Marosszék, Aranyosszék, Udvarhelyszék, and Háromszék counties of the historical Kingdom of Hungary.
From Istensegits: Ambrus, Barabás, Bartis, Béres, Bot, Borbandi, Bõte, Buzás, Dudli, Faluközi, Finnya, Fülöp, Gyõrfi, János, Kató, Lovász, Magyaros, Makrai, Miklós, Nagy, Nyistor, Pék, Sánta, Szabo, Szász, Szõte, Tamás, Urkon and Váncsa.
From Fogadjisten: Ambrus, Barabás, Gáspár, Kuruc, Papp, Váci, Szabó, and Székely.
From Hadikfalva: Beréti, Bréti, Biro, Csiki, Dani, Erdõs, Fazekas, Fodor, Forrai, Galambos, Kerekes, Kis, Kozma, Kozsán, Kölõ, and Skasszián.
From Józseffalva: Kurkó, Kusár, Palló, Mákszem, Mezei, Székely and Várda.