Synurus Explained

Synurus is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae of the family Asteraceae.^{[1] [2]} Species of the genus are found in Asia.

Synurus species have a thick stem up to 1.5 meters tall. They producs large, nodding, spherical flower heads up to 6 centimeters wide with purple florets.^[3]

The anti-inflammatory properties of these species as a herbal remedy have been well studied.^{[4] [5] [6]} They are eaten as a wild vegetable in Korea.^[7]

Species^[8]

• Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai - Russia (Chita, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk), China (Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning), Mongolia, Japan, Korea
• Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam. - Japan, Korea
• Synurus palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam. - Japan, Korea
• Synurus pungens (Franch. & Sav.) Kitam. - Japan

formerly included^[9] see Olgaea

• Synurus diabolicus - Olgaea lomonossowii

Notes and References

1. Iljin, Modest Mikhaĭlovich. 1926. Botanicheskie materialy Gerbariya Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada S S S R 6: 35
2. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40009155 Tropicos, Synurus rIljin
3. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132135 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 154 山牛蒡属 shan niu bang shu Synurus Iljin, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 6: 35. 1926.
4. Park, J. H., et al. (2004). Antiinflammatory activity of Synurus deltoides. Phytotherapy Research 18(11) 930-33.
5. Choi, Y. H., et al. (2005). New anti-inflammatory formulation containing Synurus deltoides extract. Archives of Pharmacal Research 28(7) 848-53.
6. Jiang, Y., et al. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different solvent fractions from ethanol extract of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai leaves. Food Science and Biotechnology 22(1) 215-23.
7. Lim, H. T. (1997). Evaluation of popular mountain vegetables in Korea using molecular markers. HortScience 32(3) 454.
8. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Synurus%20 The Plant List search for Synurus
9. http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/Default.aspx?Page=AdvNameSearch Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist