Syngonanthus Explained

Syngonanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Eriocaulaceae.^{[1] [2]} It is native to tropical Africa and to Latin America (from Mexico and Cuba south to Argentina).^{[3] [4] [5] [6]}

Species

• Syngonanthus acephalus Hensold - Amazonas State in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus albopulvinatus (Moldenke) Moldenke - Venezuela
• Syngonanthus allenii Moldenke - Colombia, Amazonas State in Brazil
• Syngonanthus amapensis Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, northwestern Brazil
• Syngonanthus amazonicus Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, northwestern Brazil
• Syngonanthus androsaceus (Griseb.) Ruhland - Cuba
• Syngonanthus angolensis H.E.Hess - Angola, Zaïre, Zambia, Tanzania, Malawi
• Syngonanthus anomalus (Körn.) Ruhland - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Ecuador, the Guianas
• Syngonanthus anthemidiflorus (Bong.) Ruhland - Brazil, Misiones Province of Argentina
• Syngonanthus appressus (Körn.) Ruhland - central and southern Brazil
• Syngonanthus aquaticus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus arenarius (Gardner) Ruhland - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus atrovirens (Körn.) Ruhland - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus auripes Silveira - Bahia, Goiás
• Syngonanthus bartlettii Moldenke - Belize
• Syngonanthus bellus Moldenke - Venezuela, northern Brazil
• Syngonanthus bianoensis Kimp. - Zaïre
• Syngonanthus bicolor Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus biformis (N.E.Br.) Gleason - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Peru, the Guianas
• Syngonanthus bisumbellatus (Steud.) Ruhland - Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Pará, Piauí
• Syngonanthus blackii Moldenke - Pará
• Syngonanthus bracteosus Moldenke - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus cabralensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus cachimboensis Moldenke - Pará
• Syngonanthus canaliculatus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus capillaceus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhland - State of Veracruz in Mexico; Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, the Guianas, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
• Syngonanthus chapadensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus chrysanthus (Bong.) Ruhland - southeastern Brazil
• Syngonanthus costatus Ruhland - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus cowanii Moldenke - southeastern Colombia, Amazonas State in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus crassinervius Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus cuyabensis (Bong.) Giul., Hensold & L.R.Parra - Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname
• Syngonanthus davidsei Huft - Chiapas
• Syngonanthus decorus Moldenke - Goiás
• Syngonanthus densiflorus (Körn.) Ruhland - Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
• Syngonanthus densus (Körn.) Ruhland - Brazil
• Syngonanthus diamantinensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus dichroanthus Hensold - Goiás
• Syngonanthus duidae Moldenke - Venezuela
• Syngonanthus egleri Moldenke - Pará
• Syngonanthus elegans Ruhland - Minas Gerais, Brazil
• Syngonanthus exilis S.M.Phillips - Zambia
• Syngonanthus fenestratus Hensold - Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guyana
• Syngonanthus ferrensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus filipes Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus fischerianus (Bong.) Ruhland - Brazil, Bolivia
• Syngonanthus flaviceps Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhland - southeastern USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina)
• Syngonanthus fuscescens Ruhland - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus garimpensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus glandulifer Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus goyazensis (Körn.) Ruhland - Goiás, Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus gracilis (Bong.) Ruhland - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Peru, the Guianas, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay
• Syngonanthus grao-mogolensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus helminthorrhizus (Mart. ex Körn.) Ruhland - Brazil, Paraguay
• Syngonanthus heteropeploides Herzog - Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guyana
• Syngonanthus heterotrichus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus hirtellus Ruhland - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus hondurensis Moldenke - Belize
• Syngonanthus humbertii Moldenke - Madagascar
• Syngonanthus humboldtii (Kunth) Ruhland - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, the Guianas
• Syngonanthus hygrotrichus Ruhland - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus insularis Moldenke - Isla de la Juventud in Cuba
• Syngonanthus inundatus (Körn.) Ruhland - Goiás
• Syngonanthus itambeensis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus lagopodioides (Griseb.) Ruhland - Cuba
• Syngonanthus lanatus Moldenke - Brazil
• Syngonanthus lanceolatus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus laricifolius (Gardner) Ruhland - Brazil
• Syngonanthus latifolius (Moldenke) Hensold - Mato Grosso
• Syngonanthus leprieurii (Körn.) Ruhland - Pará, French Guiana, Venezuela
• Syngonanthus lisowskii Kimp - Zaïre
• Syngonanthus llanorum Ruhland - Colombia; Apure State in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus longibracteatus Kimp - Zaïre, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique
• Syngonanthus longipes Gleason - Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname
• Syngonanthus lundellianus Moldenke - Belize
• Syngonanthus macrocephalus (Moldenke) Hensold - Cerro Sipapo in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus macrolepis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus manikaensis Kimp - Zaïre
• Syngonanthus marginatus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus micropus Silveira - São Paulo
• Syngonanthus minutifolius Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus minutulus (Steud.) Moldenke - Pará, Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus minutus (Moldenke) Hensold - Auyán-tepui in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus multipes Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus mwinilungensis S.M.Phillips - Zambia
• Syngonanthus nanus Moldenke - Paraná
• Syngonanthus ngoweensis Lecomte - Zaïre, Congo-Brazzaville, Angola
• Syngonanthus niger Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus nigroalbus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland - Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela
• Syngonanthus oblongus (Körn.) Ruhland - Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
• Syngonanthus oneillii Moldenke - Belize
• Syngonanthus ottohuberi Hensold - Amazonas State in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus pakaraimensis Moldenke - Venezuela, Guyana
• Syngonanthus paleaceus S.M.Phillips - Zambia
• Syngonanthus pallens Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus pauciflorus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus peruvianus Ruhland - Peru
• Syngonanthus philcoxii Moldenke - Mato Grosso
• Syngonanthus philodicoides (Körn.) Ruhland - Bahia, Goiás
• Syngonanthus pittieri Moldenke - Panama
• Syngonanthus planus Ruhland - Bahia, Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus plumosus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus poggeanus Ruhland - Burundi, Zaïre, Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Zambia
• Syngonanthus pulchellus Moldenke - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus pulcher (Körn.) Ruhland - Goiás, Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus pulvinellus Moldenke - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus quadrangularis Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus reclinatus (Körn.) Ruhland - Brazil
• Syngonanthus restingensis Hensold & A.L.R.Oliveira - Bahia, Rio de Janeiro
• Syngonanthus retrorsociliatus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus retrorsus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus rhizonema Ruhland - São Paulo
• Syngonanthus robinsonii Moldenke - Zaïre, Zambia
• Syngonanthus schlechteri Ruhland - Zaïre, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Tanzania
• Syngonanthus schwackei Ruhland - eastern Brazil
• Syngonanthus sclerophyllus Ruhland - Goiás
• Syngonanthus setifolius Hensold - northern Brazil, Venezuela
• Syngonanthus sickii Moldenke - Pará
• Syngonanthus simplex (Miq.) Ruhland - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, the Guianas
• Syngonanthus sinuosus Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus spadiceus (Körn.) Ruhland - Piauí, Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus spongiosus Hensold - Amazonas State of Brazil
• Syngonanthus surinamensis Moldenke - Suriname
• Syngonanthus tenuipes Silveira - Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus tenuis (Kunth) Ruhland - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil
• Syngonanthus tiricensis Moldenke - Bolívar State in Venezuela
• Syngonanthus trichophyllus Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guyana
• Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhland - Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, the Guianas
• Syngonanthus upembaensis Kimp - Zaïre
• Syngonanthus verticillatus (Bong.) Ruhland - Goiás, Minas Gerais
• Syngonanthus wahlbergii (Wikstr. ex Körn.) Ruhland - from Nigeria east to Tanzania, south to northern South Africa
• Syngonanthus weddellii Moldenke - Pará, Goiás
• Syngonanthus welwitschii (Rendle) Ruhland - Zaïre, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia
• Syngonanthus widgrenianus (Körn.) Ruhland - eastern Brazil
• Syngonanthus williamsii (Moldenke) Hensold - Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil
• Syngonanthus xinguensis Moldenke - Mato Grosso
• Syngonanthus yacuambensis Moldenke - Ecuador

Notes and References

1. Giulietti, A. M., M. J. Gomes de Andrade, L. R. Parra de Lazzari, C. v. d. Berg & R. M. Harley. 2009. (1902) Proposal to conserve the name Syngonanthus against Philodice (Eriocaulaceae). Taxon 58(3): 1008–1009.
2. Brummitt, R. K. 2011. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 63. Taxon 60(4): 1202–1210.
3. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=267395 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
4. Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
5. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
6. Huft, M. J. 1994. 261. Eriocaulaceae. 6: 178–184. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.