| Symphony in D minor | |
| Composer: | Anton Bruckner |
| Key: | D minor |
| Catalogue: | WAB 100 |
| Movements: | 4 |
| Premiere Location: | Klosterneuburg |
| Premiere Conductor: | Franz Moissl |
| Published: |
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| First Recording: | Henk Spruit, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra |
The Symphony in D minor, WAB 100, was composed by Anton Bruckner in 1869 between Symphony No. 1 (1866) and Symphony No. 2 (1872). In 1895 Bruckner declared that this symphony "German: gilt nicht" (does not count) and he did not assign a number to it. The work was published and premiered in 1924.
Bruckner composed this symphony from 24 January to 12 September 1869. It was initially designated Symphony No. 2, while the C minor symphony of 1872 was called Symphony No. 3.[1]
According to the conductor Georg Tintner, "How an off-hand remark, when directed at a person lacking any self-confidence, can have such catastrophic consequences! Bruckner, who all his life thought that able musicians (especially those in authority) knew better than he did, was devastated when Otto Dessoff (then the conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic) asked him about the first movement: "But where is the main theme?"[2]
In 1895, when Bruckner reviewed his symphonies in order to have them published, he declared that this symphony "does not count" ("German: gilt nicht"). He wrote on the front page "German: annullirt" ("nullified") and replaced the original "Nr. 2" with the symbol "∅".[3]
The symbol "∅" was later interpreted as the numeral zero and the symphony got the nickname German: Die Nullte ("No. 0").[4] In the words of David Griegel, "Like many other composers, I believe Bruckner was merely being too self-critical, and the unnumbered symphonies are also works worthy of our enjoyment".[1]
Because of the designation Die Nullte, the biographers Göllerich and Auer felt it was composed before Symphony No. 1. Contrary to this assumption, the autograph score is dated 24 January to 12 September 1869, and no earlier sketch or single folio of this work has been retrieved. The work, which is sometimes referred to as "Symphony in D minor, opus posthumous", but in English is most often called "Symphony No. 0", premiered in Klosterneuburg on 12 October 1924.
The symphony is available in two editions:
The score calls for a two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, and strings.
It has four movements:
The work begins with a D minor ostinato in the strings:
The second theme group, starting in A major, features syncopated exchanges between the first violins:
Nowak places all markings of Andante for this B major movement in parentheses:
Loud and rather ferocious, the theme has something of the qualities of the Mannheim rocket, but its chromaticism suggests the future music of Shostakovich.
The Trio's theme in G major has hints of G minor:
The movement begins with a slow introduction, fairly unique for a Bruckner Finale; the only other Finale with a slow introduction is in the Fifth Symphony. The theme in the violins is accompanied by semiquavers (i.e. sixteenth notes) in the woodwinds, and will recur in inversion in the development:
The second theme reminds of Rossini:[6]
The first commercial recording of the symphony was by Fritz Zaun with the Berlin State Opera Orchestra in 1933. It included only the scherzo, in the Wöss edition. The first commercial recording of the complete symphony was by Henk Spruit with the Concert Hall Symphony Orchestra in 1952.
Performances and recordings of the "complete" Bruckner Symphonies often exclude this "nullified" Symphony, most notably excepting the boxed sets of Riccardo Chailly, Eliahu Inbal, Bernard Haitink, Georg Tintner, Simone Young, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Stanislaw Skrowaczewski and former Chicago Symphony Orchestra conductors Daniel Barenboim and Sir Georg Solti.
This long out-of-print recording has recently been transferred to CD: Klassic Haus CD GSC 010
This long out-of-print recording has recently been transferred to CD, together with the historical recording of the Windhaager Messe by Wolfgang Riedelbauch: Klassic Haus KHCD 2012-007[7]