Symbiodiniaceae Explained

Symbiodiniaceae is a family of marine dinoflagellates notable for their symbiotic associations with reef-building corals,^[1] sea anemones,^[2] jellyfish,^[3] marine sponges,^[4] giant clams,^[5] acoel flatworms,^[6] and other marine invertebrates. Symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae are sometimes colloquially referred to as Zooxanthellae, though the latter term can be interpreted to include other families of symbiotic algae as well.^[7] While many Symbiodiniaceae species are endosymbionts, others are free living in the water column or sediment.^[8]

Most symbiotic members of Symbiodiniaceae were previously assigned to the genus Symbiodinium; however, recent genetic analysis has led to a taxonomic reorganization with several former members of Symbiodinium (previously "clades") reassigned to new genera within the Symbiodiniaceae family.^[9] Species formerly classified within Symbiodinum Clade A are retained in the Symbiodinium genus. ^[10]

Genera

There are eleven accepted genera in this family:^[11]

• Breviolum
• Cladocopium
• Durusdinium
• Freudenthalidium
• Halluxium
• Miliolidium
• Symbiodinium

Notes and References

1. Rocha de Souza . Mariana . Community composition of coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae differs across fine-scale environmental gradients in Kāne'ohe Bay . Royal Society Open Science . 7 September 2022 . 9 . 9 . 212042 . 10.1098/rsos.212042 . 36117869 . 9459668 . 2022RSOS....912042D .
2. Porro . Barbara . Horizontal acquisition of Symbiodiniaceae in the Anemonia viridis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) species complex . Molecular Ecology . January 2021 . 30 . 2 . 391–405 . 10.1111/mec.15755 . 33249664 . 10754/666148 . 227234215 . 1 February 2023. free .
3. Enrique-Navarro . Angélica . Living Inside a Jellyfish: The Symbiosis Case Study of Host-Specialized Dinoflagellates, "Zooxanthellae", and the Scyphozoan Cotylorhiza tuberculata . Frontiers in Marine Science . 8 March 2022 . 9 . 10.3389/fmars.2022.817312 . free . 10261/272478 . free .
4. Van Der Windt . Niels . Van Der Ent . Esther . Ambo-Rappe . Rohani . De Voogd . Nicole . Presence and Genetic Identity of Symbiodiniaceae in the Bioeroding Sponge Genera Cliona and Spheciospongia (Clionaidae) in the Spermonde Archipelago (SW Sulawesi), Indonesia . Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution . December 2020 . 8 . 10.3389/fevo.2020.595452 . free .
5. Mies . Miguel . Evolution, diversity, distribution and the endangered future of the giant clam–Symbiodiniaceae association . Coral Reefs . 11 September 2019 . 38 . 6 . 1067–1084 . 10.1007/s00338-019-01857-x . 2019CorRe..38.1067M . 203388892 . 1 February 2023.
6. Bien . T . Hambleton . E.A. . Dreisewerd . K . Molecular insights into symbiosis—mapping sterols in a marine flatworm-algae-system using high spatial resolution MALDI-2-MS imaging with ion mobility separation . Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry . April 2021 . 413 . 10 . 2767–2777 . 10.1007/s00216-020-03070-0 . 33274397 . 8007520 .
7. Book: Baker . Andrew C. . Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series . 2011 . Springer . Dordrecht . 10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_280 . 978-90-481-2639-2 . 1 February 2023.
8. Fujise . Lisa . Unlocking the phylogenetic diversity, primary habitats, and abundances of free-living Symbiodiniaceae on a coral reef . Molecular Ecology . 3 November 2020 . 30 . 1 . 343–360 . 10.1111/mec.15719. 33141992 . 10453/144250 . 226248988 . free .
9. Book: Ziegler . M . Arif . C . Voolstra . C.R. . Voolstra . C . Berumen . M . Coral Reefs of the Red Sea . 8 May 2019 . Springer . 978-3-030-05802-9 . 69–89 . 1 February 2023 . Symbiodiniaceae Diversity in Red Sea Coral Reefs & Coral Bleaching. 10.1007/978-3-030-05802-9_5 . 164965703 .
10. LaJeunesse . Todd C . Systematic Revision of Symbiodiniaceae Highlights the Antiquity and Diversity of Coral Endosymbionts . Current Biology . 20 August 2018 . 28 . 16 . 2570–2580 . 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.008 . 30100341 . 51941713 . 1 February 2023. 10754/630499 . free .
11. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M.. 2023. Symbiodiniaceae Fensome, Taylor, Norris, Sarjeant, Wharton & Williams, 1993 . 109445 . 1 February 2023 . AlgaeBase.