Sylvia Earle Explained

Sylvia Earle
Birth Date:August 30, 1935
Birth Place:Gibbstown, New Jersey, U.S.
Birth Name:Sylvia Alice Reade
Field:Oceanography
Marine Conservation
Work Institution:NOAA, National Geographic
Alma Mater:
Thesis Title:Phaeophyta of Eastern Gulf of Mexico
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Thesis1 Year:1966
Spouse:
    Children:3
    Prizes:
    Author Abbrev Zoo:Earle

    Sylvia Alice Earle (born August 30, 1935) is an American marine biologist, oceanographer, explorer, author, and lecturer. She has been a National Geographic Explorer at Large (formerly Explorer in Residence) since 1998.[1] [2] Earle was the first female chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and was named by Time Magazine as its first Hero for the Planet in 1998.

    Earle is part of the group Ocean Elders, which is dedicated to protecting the ocean and its wildlife.[3]

    Earle gained a large amount of publicity when she was featured in Seaspiracy (2021), a Netflix Original documentary by British filmmaker Ali Tabrizi.[4] [5]

    Earle eats a vegetarian diet.[6] She describes the chemical buildup in carnivorous fish, the 90% depletion of populations of large fish, and references the health of oceans in her dietary decision. Also, she describes the seafood industry as “factory ships vacuuming up fish and everything else in their path. That’s like using bulldozers to kill songbirds…”.[7]

    In a discussion at the Good Food Conference in California, Earle warns of disappearing fish stocks, and that while coastal people's diets have included seafood for centuries, the commercial fishing industry no longer makes sense. She encourages transitions to plant-based diets as a solution.[8]

    Early life and education

    Earle was born in 1935 in the Gibbstown section of Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, to Alice Freas (Richie) Earle and Lewis Reade Earle. Both her parents were enthusiastic about the outdoors and supportive of their daughter's early interests in the natural world.[9] The family moved to Dunedin on the western coast of Florida during Earle's childhood.[10] [11] Earle received an associate degree from St. Petersburg Jr. College (1952), a Bachelor of Science degree from Florida State University (1955), a Master of Science (1956) and a Doctorate of Phycology (1966) from Duke University.

    Sylvia Earle life work has been shaped directly by Rachel Carson, whose talent she rhapsodizes about in the Introduction to the 2018 edition of Carson's 1951 best-seller, The Sea Around Us.

    “Most remarkable to me is what she did imagine. Her writings are so sensitive to the feelings of fish, birds and other animals that she could put herself in their place, buoyed by the air or by water, gliding over and under the ocean’s surface. She conveyed the sense that she was the living ocean…”[12]

    Career

    Earle was a Radcliffe Institute Scholar (1967–1969). Earle was a research fellow at Harvard University (1967–1981). After receiving her Ph.D. in 1966, Earle spent a year as a research fellow at Harvard, then returned to Florida as the resident director of the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory.[13]

    Earle was a research associate at the University of California, Berkeley (1969–1981). In 1969, she applied to join the Tektite Project, an installation fifty feet below the surface of the sea off the coast of the Virgin Islands which allowed scientists to live submersed in their area of study for up to several weeks. Although she had logged more than 1,000 research hours underwater, Earle was rejected from the program. The next year, she was selected to lead the first all-female team of aquanauts in Tektite II.[14]

    Earle was the Curator of Phycology at the California Academy of Sciences (1979–1986). In 1979, she made an open-ocean JIM suit dive, untethered, to the sea ocean floor near Oahu. She set the women's depth record of which still holds to date.[15] [16] In 1979 she also began her tenure as the Curator of Phycology at the California Academy of Sciences, where she served until 1986.

    From 1980 to 1984, she served on the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere.

    In 1982 she and her later husband, Graham Hawkes, an engineer and submersible designer, founded Deep Ocean Engineering to design, operate, support and consult on piloted and robotic subsea systems.[17] In 1985, the Deep Ocean Engineering team designed and built the Deep Rover research submarine, which operates down to .[18] [19] By 1986, Deep Rover had been tested and Earle joined the team conducting training off Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas.

    Earle left the company in 1990 to accept an appointment as Chief Scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, where she stayed until 1992. She was the first woman to hold that position. During this post, given her expertise on the impact of oil spills, Earle was called upon to lead several research trips during the Persian Gulf War in 1991 to determine the environmental damage caused by Iraq's destruction of Kuwaiti oil wells.

    In 1992, Earle founded Deep Ocean Exploration and Research (DOER Marine) to further advance marine engineering. The company, now run by Earle's daughter Elizabeth, designs, builds, and operates equipment for deep-ocean environments.[20] [21]

    In 1998, Earle received the title National Geographic Explorer in Residence and now holds the title 'Explorer at Large'. She is sometimes called "Her Deepness"[22] or "The Sturgeon General".

    From 1998 to 2002, she led the Sustainable Seas Expeditions, a five-year program sponsored by the National Geographic Society and funded by the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund to study the United States National Marine Sanctuary. During this time, Earle was a leader of the Sustainable Seas Expeditions, council chair for the Harte Research Institute for the Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M-Corpus Christi, and chair of the Advisory Council for the Ocean in Google Earth. She also provided the DeepWorker 2000 submersible used to quantify the species of fish as well as the space resources utilized within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary.[23]

    In 2001, Earle received the National Parks Conservation Association's Robin W. Winks Award For Enhancing Public Understanding of National Parks.[24]

    Earle founded Mission Blue (also known as the Sylvia Earle Alliance, Deep Search Foundation, and Deep Search) in 2009.

    In 2009, she also received the million dollar TED prize which allowed her to continue her ocean advocacy work.[16]

    Given her past experience with the Exxon Valdez and Mega Borg oil spills, Earle was called to consult during the Deepwater Horizon Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. During this year she also gave a 14-minute speech in front of 3,500 delegates and United Nations ambassadors at The Hague International Model United Nations Conference.In July 2012, Earle led an expedition to NOAA's Aquarius underwater laboratory, located off Key Largo, Florida. The expedition, entitled "Celebrating 50 Years of Living Beneath The Sea", commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of Jacques Cousteau's Conshelf I project and investigated coral reefs and ocean health. Mark Patterson co-led the expedition with Earle. Their aquanaut team also included underwater filmmaker D.J. Roller and oceanographer M. Dale Stokes.[25] [26]

    Earle made a cameo appearance in the daily cartoon strip Sherman's Lagoon in the week starting September 17, 2012, to discuss the closing of the Aquarius Underwater Laboratory.[27]

    In May 2013, the Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013 (H.R. 1891; 113th Congress) was introduced into Congress. Earle was listed by one commentator as a possible nominee for the position of Science Laureate, if the act were to pass.[28]

    In January 2018, the Seattle Aquarium granted its inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award to Earle and renamed the Seattle Aquarium Medal in her honor.[29] The Aquarium's first Lifetime Achievement Award was awarded to Earle.[30]

    Alongside her work at Mission Blue, she also serves on several boards, including the Marine Conservation Institute.[31]

    With TED's support, she launched Mission Blue, which aims to establish marine protected areas (dubbed "Hope Spots") around the globe.[32] Mission Blue's vision is to achieve 30% protection of the ocean by 2030, and more than two hundred organisations have supported them in this mission to date (2019).[33] These supporters range from large, global companies to small, bespoke research teams.

    With Mission Blue and its partners, Earle leads expeditions to Hope Spots around the globe.[34] The organization has continued to grow with Earle's work and the help of her team. As of 2020, Mission Blue has created 122 Hope Spots around the world.[35] Past expeditions include Cuba in 2009,[36] Belize in January 2010,[37] the Galápagos Islands in April 2010,[38] Costa Rica and the Central American Dome in early 2014[39] and the South African Coast in late 2014.[40] A series of geographic information StoryMaps are available through ESRI's ArcGIS which illustrate examples of Mission Blue hope spots around the world in great detail including: 1 Tribugá Gulf Hope Spot, 2 Little Cayman Hope Spot, and 3 Galápagos National Park Expedition.[41] In August 2014, a Netflix exclusive documentary titled 'Mission Blue' was released.[42] It focuses on Earle's life and career as her Mission Blue campaign to create a global network of marine protected areas.[43]

    In 2016, Earle appeared in the featurette Plankton Rules the World!, which coincided with . The featurette was shown at the Arlington Theater in Santa Barbara.[44]

    In the 2019 article California Seamounts Are Sylvia Earle's Newest “Hope Spots” featured in Hakai Magazine, Hope Spots are described as “areas critical to the health of the ocean for any number of reasons: an abundance or diversity of species, a unique habitat or ecosystem, or significant cultural or economic value to a community.” Seamounts are also described as destinations for mining companies in search of undersea precious metals.[45]

    In January 2020, Aurora Expeditions announced their second ship would be named The Sylvia Earle after the marine biologist.[46]

    Earle is one of the supporters of the 30X30 movement; one which aims to protect 30% of seawaters by 2030, which would be a significant increase from only 6% (as of 2021).[47]

    She supports the introduction of the crime of ecocide to the International Criminal Court stating "There is a real case to be made for recognising ecocide in the International Criminal Court right along with genocide. Our existence is on the line.[48]

    In June 2024, DENR Secretary Toni Yulo-Loyzaga convened a dialogue with Earle, Ambassador MaryKay Carlson and Senator Loren Legarda, inter alia, to advocate Philippine Marine Biodiversity Protection and Conservation.[49] Earle, as token gifted Loyzaga with copy of her 'Ocean: A Global Odyssey.' She dived in Verde Island Passage with DENR divers and marine scientists campaigning for its conservation as marine protected area. Her Mission Blue named the VIP as a “Hope Spot” in July 2023.[50]

    Accomplishments and honors

    Publications

    Earle has authored more than 150 publications.

    External links

    Video

    Notes and References

    1. News: Sylvia Earle: Call Of The Sea. https://web.archive.org/web/20071224184634/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989255,00.html. dead. December 24, 2007. Time. December 16, 2011. Rosenblatt. Roger. October 5, 1998.
    2. Web site: Sylvia Earle, Oceanographer Information, Facts, News, Photos. https://web.archive.org/web/20100413210309/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/field/explorers/sylvia-earle/. dead. April 13, 2010. National Geographic. February 12, 2011.
    3. Web site: December 2, 2016. About Us. 2022-01-18. Ocean Elders. en-US.
    4. Web site: 2021-03-31. The 7 biggest claims from the Seaspiracy documentary. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/seaspiracy-netflix-fishing-cowspiracy-b1824343.html . May 26, 2022 . subscription . live. 2021-12-19. The Independent. en.
    5. Web site: Head. Ally. 2021-04-06. Seaspiracy: 10 facts the doc taught us, & if they're really true. 2021-12-19. Marie Claire. en.
    6. https://www.scubazoo.tv/2017/04/17/2475/ "Sylvia Earle wants you to do unto fish as you would like them to do to you, and eat your veggies"
    7. News: 2013-08-09. US oceanographer Dr Sylvia Earle. Financial Times. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/606b6104-f9fa-11e2-b8ef-00144feabdc0 . December 10, 2022 . subscription . live. 2021-10-14.
    8. Web site: 2018-09-10. NatGeo Explorer Sylvia Earle Says Clean and Vegan Seafood Could Save Our Oceans. 2021-10-14. LIVEKINDLY. en-US.
    9. Fire in Water. Scientific American. April 1992. 37–40. 266. 4. 10.1038/scientificamerican0492-37. en. Marguerite. Holloway. 1992SciAm.266d..37H.
    10. "Sylvia A. Earle". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Biography in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2016.
    11. Legendary ocean scientist to speak at Gulf Coast Community Foundation luncheon, Gulf Coast Community Foundation, December 9, 2019
    12. Web site: Rachel Carson and Sylvia Earle: The Best Ocean Books? . 2024-02-25 . Rachel Carson Council . en-US.
    13. News: Sylvia A. Earle, Ph.D.. Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences. March 18, 2014. November 20, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081120081554/http://www.auas-nogi.org/bio_earle_sylvia.html. dead.
    14. Collette, BB . Results of the Tektite Program: Ecology of coral-reef fishes. . In: MA Lang, CC Baldwin (Eds.) the Diving for Science ... 1996, "Methods and Techniques of Underwater Research" Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences Sixteenth Annual Scientific Diving Symposium, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. . 1996 . https://archive.today/20130415174253/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4687 . usurped . April 15, 2013 . 2013-04-14.
    15. Kesling, Douglas E . Atmospheric Diving Suits – New Technology May Provide ADS Systems that are Practical and Cost-Effective Tools for Conducting Safe Scientific Diving, Exploration, and Undersea Research . In: Pollock NW, ed. Diving for Science 2011. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 30th Symposium. Dauphin Island, AL: AAUS . 2011 . 2013-04-14 . October 15, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131015234827/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/10160 . usurped .
    16. News: Sylvia Earle: My Wish? To Protect Our Oceans. 2021-07-08. NPR.org. en.
    17. New York Times, "SCIENTIST AT WORK: Graham Hawkes; Racing to the Bottom Of the Deep, Black Sea", William J. Broad, 1993 August 3 (accessed 30 Juli 2012)
    18. English, JG . DEEP ROVER submersible operations for science . In: Lang, MA (Ed). Coldwater Diving for Science ... 1987. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences Annual Scientific Diving Symposium 31 October – 1 November 1987 Seattle, Washington, USA . 1987 . https://archive.today/20130616092134/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/10152 . usurped . June 16, 2013 . 2013-04-14.
    19. Griffin, James J . Sharkey, Phillip I . Design of the next generation of research vessels . In: Lang, MA (Ed). Coldwater Diving for Science ... 1987. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences Annual Scientific Diving Symposium 31 October – 1 November 1987 Seattle, Washington, USA . 1987 . https://archive.today/20130616092131/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/10063 . usurped . June 16, 2013 . 2013-04-14.
    20. Web site: About DOER Marine. DOER Marine. December 16, 2011.
    21. Earle (2009)
    22. White. Wallace. Her Deepness. The New Yorker. June 26, 1989. January 18, 2015.
    23. Auster, Peter J . Lindholm, James . The Ecology of Fishes on Deep Boulder Reefs in the Western Gulf of Maine (NW Atlantic). . In: Godfrey, JM; Shumway, SE. Diving for Science 2005. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences Symposium on March 10–12, 2005 at the University of Connecticut at Avery Point, Groton, Connecticut. . . 2005 . https://archive.today/20130415181648/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/9014 . usurped . April 15, 2013 . 2013-04-14.
    24. Web site: Awards and Recognition. 2021-12-19. National Parks Conservation Association. en.
    25. Web site: Celebrating 50 Years of Living Beneath The Sea. 2012. University of North Carolina Wilmington. July 18, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120602214641/http://aquarius.uncw.edu/missions/2012/00_2012/expd. June 2, 2012. mdy-all.
    26. Web site: A Personal Perspective on 50 Years of Living Beneath the Sea. Rosser. Saul. July 2012. National Undersea Research Center. July 18, 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120721131347/http://www.nurc.net/blog/uncategorized/celebrating-50-years-of-living-beneath-the-sea-a-personal-perspective. July 21, 2012. mdy-all.
    27. http://blog.dailyink.com/2012/09/17/this-week-in-comics-what-to-read/ This Week in Comics: What To Read
    28. News: Marlow. Jeffrey. The Science Laureate of the United States. September 12, 2013. Wired Magazine. May 9, 2013.
    29. Web site: Chairman's Dinner 2018: "Creatures in the ocean don't have a choice. We do." - Seattle Aquarium Blog. blog.seattleaquarium.org. en-US. 2018-04-20.
    30. Web site: 2018-02-08 . Chairman's Dinner 2018: "Creatures in the ocean don't have a choice. We do." . 2022-02-28 . Seattle Aquarium.
    31. http://www.marine-conservation.org/who-we-are/our-board/ Marine Conservation Institute
    32. Web site: Sylvia Earle. TED Prize. http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110124073933/http%3A//www.tedprize.org/sylvia%2Dearle/. January 24, 2011. dead. February 12, 2011. mdy-all.
    33. Web site: Our Partners. Mission Blue. en-US. 2019-07-24.
    34. Web site: Mission Blue Expeditions. www.missionblue.org. Sylvia Earle Alliance. January 21, 2015.
    35. Web site: Hope Spots .
    36. Web site: Mission Blue Expeditions > Cuba. www.missionblue.org. March 4, 2013 . January 21, 2015.
    37. Web site: Mission Blue Expeditions > Belize. www.missionblue.org. March 4, 2013 . January 21, 2015.
    38. Web site: The Mission Blue Voyage. TED. December 16, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111205204505/http://www.tedprize.org/mission-blue-voyage/. December 5, 2011. mdy-all.
    39. Web site: Mission Blue Expeditions > Costa Rica. www.missionblue.org. January 10, 2015 . January 21, 2015.
    40. Web site: Garling. Brett. South Africans Unite Around Hope Spots. https://web.archive.org/web/20150121053538/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/16/south-africans-unite-around-hope-spots/. dead. January 21, 2015. voices.nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. January 21, 2015.
    41. Web site: Community. Story Maps. 2020-08-31. Mission Blue stories inspire action to explore and protect the ocean. 2021-10-14. ArcGIS Blog. en-US.
    42. Web site: Mission Blue film. www.missionblue.org. August 27, 2014. January 21, 2015. October 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151008175055/http://mission-blue.org/mission-blue-film/. dead.
    43. Web site: Mission Blue. imdb.com. IMDb. January 21, 2015.
    44. Web site: Earle. Sylvia. 2016-02-04. Come see "PLANKTON RULES THE WORLD" this Sunday at the Arlington Theater in Santa Barbara at 10 am! Kids - bring your parents, it's a family event! Also available on iTunes. Thanks to Jim Knowlton and Sarah Ettman-Sterner.. https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/325397900888724/914825231945985 . 2022-02-26 . limited. live. 2021-09-04. Facebook. en.
    45. Web site: California Seamounts Are Sylvia Earle's Newest "Hope Spots". 2021-10-14. Hakai Magazine. en.
    46. Web site: About Sylvia Earle . January 6, 2020 .
    47. Web site: haggert. 2021-03-02. Saving hope: One at-risk ocean hotspot at a time. 2021-10-14. Canadian Geographic. en.
    48. Web site: Supporters of Ecocide Law . 2023-06-21 . Stop Ecocide International . en-US.
    49. News: Cabato. Luisa . Famous oceanographer visits PH to urge Verde Island Passage protection. July 7, 2024 . Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 6, 2024.
    50. News: Sylvia Earle dives deep into the Verde Island Passage to push Philippine Marine Biodiversity Protection and Conservation. July 7, 2024 . Department of Environment and Natural Resources. July 6, 2024.
    51. Web site: Sylvia Earle. literati.net. January 21, 2015.
    52. Web site: Sylvia A. Earle, Ph.D. - Science - 1976 . April 1, 2016 . Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences . April 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160414061933/http://74.220.29.245/bio_earle_sylvia.html . dead .
    53. Web site: Sylvia Earle, Oceanographer. https://web.archive.org/web/20111213222243/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/bios/sylvia-earle/. dead. December 13, 2011. December 16, 2011. National Geographic Society.
    54. Burnaby Mail, "Her Deepness drops in and warns of the growing threat to the oceans", Deborah Smith, 2011 November 23 (accessed March 25, 2012)
    55. Web site: Past Gold Medal Recipients. www.iswg.org. January 21, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150121063342/http://www.iswg.org/about-swg/awards-honors/past-gold-medal-recipients/. January 21, 2015. mdy-all.
    56. Web site: Sylvia Earle Biography. www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
    57. Web site: Sylvia Earle. www.lindberghfoundation.org. Lindbergh Foundation. January 21, 2015. October 16, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141016231109/http://www.lindberghfoundation.org/docs/index.php/sylvia-earle. dead.
    58. Web site: Sylvia Alice Earle.
    59. Web site: Bal de la Mer. www.seakeepers.org. January 21, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150121064636/http://www.seakeepers.org/Events/BaldelaMer.aspx. January 21, 2015. mdy-all.
    60. Web site: 1998. www.global500.org. Global 500. January 21, 2015.
    61. Web site: Sylvia Earle's Excellent Adventure. www.nwf.org. National Wildlife Federation. January 21, 2015.
    62. Web site: Sylvia A. Earle – National Women's Hall of Fame. https://web.archive.org/web/20130127031050/http://www.greatwomen.org/women-of-the-hall/search-the-hall/details/2/53-Earle. dead. January 27, 2013. August 30, 2013.
    63. News: Sylvia Earle - Living Legends Library of Congress. The Library of Congress. 2016-11-12.
    64. Web site: Dr. Sylvia Earle, 2000 . Women Divers Hall of Fame . 20 October 2018 . 2015 . March 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210301061806/http://www.wdhof.org/wdhof-memRosterDetail.aspx?mid=55 . dead .
    65. Web site: Awards and Recognition.
    66. Web site: 2004 Award Winners & Finalists. www.banksiafdn.com. Banksia Foundation. January 21, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150121064615/http://www.banksiafdn.com/the-awards/43-past-awards/159-2004-award-winners-a-finalists.html. January 21, 2015. mdy-all.
    67. Web site: Past Speakers and Medalists. barnard.edu. Barnard College. January 21, 2015.
    68. Web site: Sylvia A. Earle. www.sigmaxi.org. Sigma Xi. January 21, 2015.
    69. Web site: Edizioni Premio Artiglio. www.artiglio.org. Artiglio. January 21, 2015. February 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160207071459/http://www.artiglio.org/ed2009.htm. dead.
    70. Web site: 2009 Winners. December 16, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111228150911/http://www.tedprize.org/2009-winners/. December 28, 2011. mdy-all.
    71. Web site: Sylvia Earle - 2010 . Roy Chapman Andrews Society.
    72. Web site: Sylvia Earle to be 2011 commencement speaker. May 15, 2011. July 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110723025350/http://alumnae.smith.edu/cms/?smithstories=sylvia-earle-to-be-2011-commencement-speaker. dead.
    73. Web site: About Us.
    74. News: Ocean record-breaker to visit NMMU . Port Elizabeth Herald . April 12, 2013 . 2013-04-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130414201724/http://www.peherald.com/news/article/14080 . April 14, 2013 . mdy-all.
    75. Web site: In Her Words. nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. January 21, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150121073925/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/sylvia-earle-her-words-vin. January 21, 2015. mdy-all.
    76. Web site: Shaw. Martha. Sylvia Earle and Sam Low Win Cronkite Award as Mission Blue Debuts on Martha's Vineyard. ecowatch.com. August 7, 2014. January 21, 2015.
    77. Web site: 2014 Laureates. www.unep.org. UNEP. January 21, 2015. July 14, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714232000/http://www.unep.org/champions/laureates/2014/#sthash.ilIw5ZV9.dpbs. dead.
    78. Web site: Sylvia Earle. www.glamour.com. November 5, 2014. Glamour. January 21, 2015.
    79. Web site: The Tribute Ceremony in Honor of Sylvia Earle. explorers.org. January 21, 2015. June 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160623230619/https://explorers.org/events/detail/the_tribute_ceremony_in_honor_of_sylvia_a_earle. dead.
    80. Web site: Sylvia Earle is the winner of The Rachel Carson Prize 2017 / Prisvinnere / Rachel Carson - Carson. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003243/http://www.rachelcarsonprisen.no/layout/set/print/Prize-Winners/Sylvia-Earle-is-the-winner-of-The-Rachel-Carson-Prize-20173. dead. November 7, 2017. eZ. Systems. www.rachelcarsonprisen.no.
    81. News: Sylvia A. Earle - Premiados - Premios Princesa de Asturias - Fundación Princesa de Asturias. Fundación Princesa de Asturias. 2018-06-19. es.
    82. News: Honorary Graduates in 2018. The University of Edinburgh. 2018-07-23. en.
    83. Web site: Stibitz-Wilson Awards.

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