| Honorific Prefix: | Reverend |
| Sylvester Maurus | |
| Birth Name: | Silvestro Mauro |
| Birth Date: | 31 December 1619 |
| Birth Place: | Spoleto, Papal States |
| Death Place: | Rome, Papal States |
| Known For: | Paraphrases and commentaries on all the works of Aristotle |
| Parents: | Andrea Mauro and Livia Mauro (née Zucconi) |
| Alma Mater: | Roman College |
| School Tradition: | Aristotelianism |
| Doctoral Advisor: | Francesco Sforza Pallavicino |
| Discipline: | Philosophy |
| Sub Discipline: | Metaphysics, Theology |
| Workplaces: | Roman College |
Sylvester Maurus (31 December 1619 - 13 January 1687) was an Italian Jesuit theologian.
Sylvester Maurus was born in Spoleto, Italy, on 31 December 1619 to a noble family. He entered the Society of Jesus, 21 April 1636. After his novitiate, he spent three years (1639-1642) studying philosophy at the Roman College, where his principal teacher was Sforza Pallavicino. Following a period in which he taught grammar, Maurus studied theology from 1644 to 1648, again at the Roman College. Having completed his theological program, he taught philosophy at the Jesuit college in Macerata from 1649 to 1652. Recalled to Rome, he served a year as regent of studies for Jesuit seminarians. He took final vows in the Order in 1654, and five years later was promoted to the Chair of Theology, which he retained until his appointment in 1684 as Rector of the Roman College. Maurus died on 13 January 1687 in Rome. Besides numerous theological works, he wrote Quaestionum Philosophicarum L. Quinque, and also a paraphrase of all the works of Aristotle. This latter embodies the results of the great thirteenth-century commentaries and is considered a model of clearness and conciseness. Maurus worked on the Greek text and the best Latin versions available in his time, namely those by Argyropoulos, Bessarion, Theodorus Gaza and Lambin.[1]
His works include: