Sydney Cove Explained

Sydney Cove (Eora: [1]) is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, one of several harbours in Port Jackson, on the coast of Sydney, New South Wales. Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney location between the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Sydney Cove was the site of the First Fleet's landing on 26 January 1788 and the subsequent raising of the Union Jack, a seminal date in Australian history now marked as Australia Day.

History

The Eora name for Sydney Cove was recorded by several early settlers of the First Fleet variously spelt as Warrane, War-ran, Warrang and Wee-rong. The spot is of great significance, as the first meeting place between Eora people and Europeans. Before colonisation of the area, Eora men speared fish from the shoreline, and women line-fished from their Uncoded languages: nowies (canoes).[2]

Sydney Cove was named after the British Home Secretary, the 1st Baron Sydney (who was later created 1st Viscount Sydney in 1789). It was the site chosen by Captain Arthur Phillip, RN between 21 and 23 January 1788 for the British penal settlement which is now the city of Sydney, and where possession of New South Wales was formally declared on 26 January (now commemorated as Australia Day).[3] Today, the exact site where the flag was planted is unmarked, being a spot near the bottom of Bethel Steps, The Rocks (behind the south end of the present Overseas Passenger Terminal)[4] This site on the west side of the Cove is confirmed by a 1789 letter by John Campbell.[5]

Phillip had been instructed to establish the settlement at Botany Bay, a large bay further south of Sydney Cove which had been discovered by Lieutenant James Cook during his voyage of discovery in 1770, and was recommended by the eminent botanist Sir Joseph Banks, who had accompanied Cook, as a suitable site for a settlement. But Phillip discovered that Botany Bay offered neither a secure anchorage nor a reliable source of fresh water. Sydney Cove offered both of these, being serviced by a freshwater creek which was soon to be known as the Tank Stream.[6]

Sydney Cove Medallion

A sample of the dark grey clay of Sydney Cove was collected by Governor Phillip and given to Sir Joseph Banks, who gave it to pottery maker Josiah Wedgwood to test for suitability for making pottery. Wedgwood found it excellent and made a commemorative medal that became known as the Sydney Cove Medallion.[7] [8] [9]

Today

The cove is dual-named as Warrane, the name by which it was known by the Eora people.[10]

The Tank Stream is encased in a concrete drain beneath the streets of the central business district[11] and all native bushland has been cleared. The head of the cove is occupied by the Circular Quay ferry terminal. On Bennelong Point at the northern end of the eastern shore of the cove stands the Sydney Opera House. On the western shore is the historic district known as The Rocks.[12]

Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney location between the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It is also one of the main congregation points for Sydney New Year's Eve[13] and Australia Day events.[14]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Sydney Cove . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20210612113032/https://proposals.gnb.nsw.gov.au/public/geonames/b042d9e1-af75-45a4-8f2c-8fac7c1979ac . 12 June 2021 . 16 July 2022 . Geographical Names Board.
  2. Web site: Barani . Sydney Cove / Warrane . 5 July 2021.
  3. http://www.discoversydney.com.au/sydney/history.html Discover Sydney: Sydney's European History
  4. Web site: Barlass. Tim. 2022-07-16. Why the City of Sydney pays for a British flag to fly near Circular Quay. 2023-01-22. The Sydney Morning Herald. en.
  5. https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/collection-items/john-campbell-letter-his-parents-9-august-1789 NSW State Library
  6. https://www.sydneywater.com.au/web/groups/publicwebcontent/documents/document/zgrf/mdq0/~edisp/dd_044108.pdf Sydney Water: The Tank Stream
  7. http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/landmarks/colonial_foundations/#Sydney Josiah Wedgwood's Sydney Cove Medallion
  8. http://www.nma.gov.au/collections-search/display?irn=73354 National Museum of Australia
  9. Robert J. King, "'Etruria': the Great Seal of New South Wales", Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia, vol.5, October 1990, pp.3-8. http://www.numismatics.org.au/pdfjournal/Vol5/Vol%205%20Article%201.pdf
  10. Web site: Language . Barani . 12 August 1965 . 5 July 2021.
  11. Hoh, Amanda.The Tank Stream: A historical walk along Sydney's first water supply. ABC News, 7 November 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2018
  12. Book: Sydney Street Directory . . Sydney . 1999 . 1 . 0-7319-1055-9.
  13. Web site: Gorrey. Megan. 2021-12-09. Harbour city to shine beneath New Year's Eve fireworks. 2021-12-10. The Sydney Morning Herald. en.
  14. Web site: What was on . 2022-08-07 . Australia Day Council of NSW . en-AU.