The swimming events of the 2009 Mediterranean Games were held at the Naiadi Swimming Complex in Pescara, Italy from Saturday 27 June to Wednesday 1 July 2009. Events were held in a long course (50 m) pool.
| 50 m freestyle | Frédérick Bousquet | 21.17 GR | Alain Bernard | 21.62 | Federico Bocchia | 22.05 | |
| 100 m freestyle | Alain Bernard | 47.83 GR | Filippo Magnini | 48.27 | Nabil Kebbab | 48.89 | |
| 100 m freestyle S10 | David Levecq Vives | 54.46 | Jose Mari Alcaraz | 56.97 | Vincent Rupp | 58.98 | |
| 200 m freestyle | Oussama Mellouli | 1:46.44 GR, NR | Ahmed Mathlouthi | 1:47.00 | Marco Belotti | 1:47.29 | |
| 400 m freestyle | Oussama Mellouli | 3:42.71 GR | Samuel Pizzetti | 3:48.37 | Ahmed Mathlouthi | 3:49.65 | |
| 1500 m freestyle | Oussama Mellouli | 14:38.01 GR | Federico Colbertaldo | 15:04.23 | Marcos Rivera Miranda | 15:11.60 | |
| 50 m backstroke | Aschwin Wildeboer Faber | 24.73 GR | Camille Lacourt | 25.03 | Jérémy Stravius | 25.04 | |
| 100 m backstroke | Aschwin Wildeboer Faber | 52.87 GR | Aristeidis Grigoriadis | 54.00 | Mirco Di Tora | 54.45 | |
| 200 m backstroke | Aschwin Wildeboer Faber | 1:54.96 GR | Sebastiano Ranfagni | 1:58.59 | Damiano Lestingi | 1:59.96 | |
| 50 m breaststroke | Alessandro Terrin | 27.22 GR | Emil Tahirovič | 27.27 | Čaba Silađi | 27.34 | |
| 100 m breaststroke | Melquiades Alvarez | 1:00.45 GR | Čaba Silađi | 1:00.68 | Luca Pizzini | 1:01.26 | |
| 200 m breaststroke | Melquiades Alvarez | 2:09.69 GR | Edoardo Giorgetti | 2:10.11 | Romanos-Iasonas Alyfantis | 2:11.54 | |
| 50 m butterfly | Mario Todorović | 23.61 GR | Ivan Lenđer | 23.65 | Mattia Nalesso | 23.81 | |
| 100 m butterfly | Ivan Lenđer | 51.79 GR | Clement Lefert | 51.93 | Peter Mankoč | 52.06 | |
| 200 m butterfly | Thomas Vilaceca | 1:57.77 | Francesco Vespe | 1:57.78 | Niccolo Beni | 1:57.92 | |
| 200 m individual medley | Oussama Mellouli | 1:58.38 GR, NR | Romanos-Iasonas Alyfantis | 1:59.89 | Alessio Boggiatto | 2:01.13 | |
| 400 m individual medley | Oussama Mellouli | 4:10.53 GR, AF | Luca Marin | 4:13.58 | Luca Angelo Dioli | 4:15.13 | |
| 4×100 m freestyle relay | 3:12.03 GR | 3:13.78 | 3:19.17 | ||||
| 4×200 m freestyle relay | 7:09.44 GR | 7:13.27 | 7:16.39 | ||||
| 4×100 m medley relay | 3:34.22 GR | 3:34.71 | 3:35.55 |
† Aschwin Wildeboer Faber set the 100 m backstroke world record in the lead-off leg with a time of 52.38 s.
| 50 m freestyle | Malia Metella | 24.88 GR | Gigliola Tecchio | 25.56 | |||
| Cristina Chiuso | 25.56 | ||||||
| 100 m freestyle | Miroslava Najdanovski | 55.09 GR | Theodora Drakou | 55.65 | Maria Fuster Martinez | 55.80 | |
| 100 m freestyle S10 | Elodie Lorandi | 1:03.25 | Esther Morales | 1:03.40 | Sarai Gascon Moreno | 1:04.93 | |
| 200 m freestyle | Patricia Castro Ortega | 1:58.91 GR | Ophelie-Cyrielle Etienne | 1:59.11 | Alice Carpenese | 2:00.67 | |
| 400 m freestyle | Federica Pellegrini | 4:00.41 WR | Coralie Balmy | 4:05.37 | Erika Villaécija García | 4:08.85 | |
| 800 m freestyle | Alessia Filippi | 8:20.78 GR | Nina Cesar | 8:31.26 | Ophelie-Cyrielle Etienne | 8:32.38 | |
| 50 m backstroke | Elena Gemo | 28.60 GR | Mercedes Peris Minguet | 28.64 | Sanja Jovanovic | 28.65 | |
| 100 m backstroke | Alexianne Castel | 1:02.13 GR | Duane Da Rocha Marce | 1:02.30 | Aspasia Petradaki | 1:02.48 | |
| 200 m backstroke | Alessia Filippi | 2:08.03 GR | Duane Da Rocha Marce | 2:11.73 | Alexianne Castel | 2:12.43 | |
| 50 m breaststroke | Anastasia Chrystoforou | 31.12 GR | Concepcion Badillo Diaz | 31.14 | Roberta Panara | 31.19 | |
| 100 m breaststroke | Roberta Panara | 1:08.47 GR | Angeliki Exarchou | 1:08.99 | Giulia Fabbri | 1:09.14 | |
| 200 m breaststroke | Coralie Dobral | 2:26.41 GR | Chiara Boggiatto | 2:26.84 | Angeliki Exarchou | 2:29.05 | |
| 50 m butterfly | Mélanie Henique | 26.37 GR | Cristina Maccagnola | 26.65 | Angela San Juan Cisneros | 26.80 | |
| 100 m butterfly | Francesca Segat | 59.13 GR | Diane Bui Duyet | 59.24 | Angela San Juan Cisneros | 59.60 | |
| 200 m butterfly | Caterina Giacchetti | 2:06.89 GR | Mireia Belmonte García | 2:06.90 | Paola Cavallino | 2:10.19 | |
| 200 m individual medley | Camille Muffat | 2:10.36 GR | Mireia Belmonte García | 2:13.07 | Anja Klinar | 2:14.24 | |
| 400 m individual medley | Anja Klinar | 4:39.48 GR | Francesca Segat | 4:42.27 | Lara Grangeon | 4:43.54 | |
| 4×100 m freestyle relay | 3:40.63 GR | 3:41.65 | 3:43.48 | ||||
| 4×200 m freestyle relay | 7:56.69 GR | 8:05.78 | 8:06.21 | ||||
| 4×100 m medley relay | 4:04.57 GR | 4:04.88 | 4:06.38 |