The swimming competition at the 2006 South American Games consisted of 44 events held November 15–18, 2006 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[1]
| 50m freestyle | José Meolans  Argentina | 22.66 RS | Arthur Rocha  Brazil | 23.28 | Jader Souza Brazil | 23.40 |
| 100m freestyle | José Meolans Argentina | 49.48 RS | Matias Aguilera Argentina | 50.56 | Jose Melconian Uruguay | 51.33 |
| 200m freestyle | Martín Kutscher Uruguay | 1:52.35 RS | Crox Acuña  Venezuela | 1:52.71 | Raphael Bydlowski Brazil | 1:53.6 |
| 400m freestyle | Erwin Maldonado Venezuela | 3:59.57 RS | Juan Pereyra Argentina | 4:00.09 | Alejandro Gomez Venezuela | 4:00.34 |
| 800m freestyle | Luiz Arapiraca Brazil | 8:11.87 RS | Erwin Maldonado Venezuela | 8:11.88 | Juan Pereyra Argentina | 8:15.59 |
| 1500m freestyle | Luiz Arapiraca Brazil | 15:38.98 RS | Esteban Paz Argentina | 15:43.90 | Erwin Maldonado Venezuela | 15:51.57 |
| 50m backstroke | Eduardo Otero Argentina | 26.25 RS | Arthur Rocha Brazil | 26.97 | Daniel Orzechowski Brazil | 26.98 |
| 100m backstroke | Joaquin Belza Argentina | 57.13 RS | Daniel Orzechowski Brazil | 57.19 | Guilherme Guido Brazil | 57.39 |
| 200m backstroke | Joaquin Belza Argentina | 2:05.00 RS | Guilherme Guido Brazil | 2:07.51 | Reymer Vezga Venezuela | 2:07.70 |
| 50m breaststroke | Eduardo Fischer Brazil | 28.69 RS | Édgar Crespo  Panama | 29.48 | Felipe Silva Brazil | 29.50 |
| 100m breaststroke | Eduardo Fischer Brazil | 1:03.34 RS | Felipe Silva Brazil | 1:04.16 | Sergio Ferreyra Argentina | 1:04.22 |
| 200m breaststroke | Thiago Parravicini Brazil | 2:17.15 RS | Sergio Ferreyra Argentina | 2:19.31 | Diego Bonilla  Colombia | 2:22.17 |
| 50m butterfly | Jader Souza Brazil | 24.80 RS | Gustavo Paschetta Argentina | 24.81 | Arthur Rocha Brazil | 25.31 |
| 100m butterfly | Julio Galofre Colombia | 55.41 RS | Mariano Caviglia Argentina | 55.70 | Gordon Touw Ngie Tjou  Suriname | 55.73 |
| 200m butterfly | Gaston Rodríguez Argentina | 2:03.04 RS | Julio Galofre Colombia | 2:04.56 | Jose Crescimbeni  Peru | 2:05.48 |
| 200m I.M. | Joaquin Belza Argentina | 2:05.85 RS | Diogo Yabe Brazil | 2:06.09 | Diego Bonilla Colombia | 2:07.39 |
| 400m I.M. | Diogo Yabe Brazil | 4:31.91 RS | Ricardo Kojima Brazil | 4:32.14 | Leopoldo Andara Venezuela | 4:32.49 |
| 4 × 100 m freestyle relay | Argentina Meolans, Otero, Belza, Aguilera | 3:24.16 RS | Brazil Bydlowski, Souza, Yabe, Rocha | 3:25.84 | Uruguay Melconian, Mafio, Queipo, Kutscher | 3:28.85 |
| 4 × 200 m freestyle relay | Venezuela Morales, Acuña, Maldonado, Gomez | 7:35.09 RS | Chile Zolezzi, Schnettler, Guzman, Mallat | 7:37.17 | Brazil Bydlowski, Yabe, Fim, Arapiraca | 7:38.92 |
| 4 × 100 m medley relay | Argentina Belza, Ferreyra, Caviglia, Meolans | 3:46.46 RS | Brazil Orzechowski, Fischer, Alves, Souza | 3:47.37 | Venezuela Vezga, Pinto, Andara, Acuña | 3:54.79 |
| 5K | Allan do Carmo Brazil | Fabio Lima Brazil | Roberto Peñalillo Chile | |||
| 10K | Roberto Peñalillo Chile | 1:14:10 | Erwin Maldonado Venezuela | 1:14:18 | Francisco Sales Argentina | 1:14:19 |
| 50m freestyle | Arlene Semeco Venezuela | 25.82 RS | Natalia Grava Brazil | 26.41 | Yamilé Bahamonde  Ecuador | 26.62 |
| 100m freestyle | Arlene Semeco Venezuela | 57.18 RS | Monique Ferreira Brazil | 58.38 | Michelle Lenhardt Brazil | 58.47 |
| 200m freestyle | Cecilia Biagioli Argentina | 2:02.70 RS | Monique Ferreira Brazil | 2:04.31 | Monick Perez Brazil | 2:04.75 |
| 400m freestyle | Cecilia Biagioli Argentina | 4:13.63 RS | Kristel Köbrich Chile | 4:18.77 | Monique Ferreira Brazil | 4:20.69 |
| 800m freestyle | Kristel Köbrich Chile | 8:43.79 RS | Cecilia Biagioli Argentina | 8:48.62 | Yanel Pinto Venezuela | 8:55.71 |
| 1500m freestyle | Kristel Köbrich Chile | 16:30.55 RS | Cecilia Biagioli Argentina | 16:56.67 | Yanel Pinto Venezuela | 17:17.67 |
| 50m backstroke | Carolina Colorado Henao Colombia | 30.14 RS | Jeserik Pinto Venezuela | 30.35 | Fernanda Alvarenga Brazil | 31.00 |
| 100m backstroke | Carolina Colorado Henao Colombia | 1:04.73 | Erin Volcán Venezuela | 1:05.30 | Fernanda Alvarenga Brazil | 1:05.92 |
| 200m backstroke | Georgina Bardach Argentina | 2:17.82 | Erin Volcán Venezuela | 2:18.27 | Rebeca Bretanha Brazil | 2:22.17 |
| 50m breaststroke | Javiera Salcedo Argentina | 33.12 RS | Mariana Katsuno Brazil | 33.80 | Malena Coschiza Argentina | 34.22 |
| 100m breaststroke | Javiera Salcedo Argentina | 1:12.24 RS | Gloria González Venezuela | 1:14.96 | Mariana Katsuno Brazil | 1:15.06 |
| 200m breaststroke | Georgina Bardach Argentina | 2:35.48 RS | Agustina De Giovanni Argentina | 2:37.20 | Nora Miro Peru | 2:41.23 |
| 50m butterfly | Gabriella Silva Brazil | 27.95 RS | Natalia Grava Brazil | 28.09 | Yamilé Bahamonde Ecuador | 28.45 |
| 100m butterfly | Gabriella Silva Brazil | 1:01.54 RS | Florencia Ghione Argentina | 1:03.30 | Alejandra Rodriguez Venezuela | 1:03.66 |
| 200m butterfly | Florencia Ghione Argentina | 2:16.11 RS | Andreina Pinto Venezuela | 2:17.63 | Alejandra Rodrguez Venezuela | 2:18.47 |
| 200m I.M. | Georgina Bardach Argentina | 2:17.49 RS | Agustina De Giovanni Argentina | 2:21.47 | Larissa Cieslak Brazil | 2:23.05 |
| 400m I.M. | Georgina Bardach Argentina | 4:53.42 RS | Larissa Cieslak Brazil | 5:02.96 | Silvia Perez Venezuela | 5:03.22 |
| 4 × 100 m freestyle relay | Brazil Lenhardt, Grava, Ribeiro, Ferreira | 3:53.16 RS | Venezuela Pinto, Volcán, Pinto, Semeco | 3:54.09 | Argentina Colovini, De Giovanni, Bardach, Biagioli | 3:55.21 |
| 4 × 200 m freestyle relay | Argentina Colovini, Biagioli, De Giovanni, Bardach | 8:27.26 RS | Brazil Perez, Jatoba, Ribeiro, Ferreira | 8:29.32 | Venezuela Marquez, Pinto, Pinto, Volcán | 8:30.76 |
| 4 × 100 m medley relay | Venezuela Volcán, González, Rodriguez, Semeco | 4:18.47 RS | Argentina Bardach, Salcedo, Ghione, Biagioli | 4:19.87 | ||
| 5K | Ana Marcela Cunha Brazil | Pilar Geijo Argentina | Celeste Punet Argentina | |||
| 10K | Ana Marcela Cunha Brazil | 1:17:26 | Pilar Geijo Argentina | 1:17:47 | Pamela Barbosa Engel Brazil | 1:19:07 |