| Swabian | |
| Nativename: | Schwäbisch,[1] schwäbische Mundart[2] |
| Ethnicity: | Swabians |
| States: | Germany |
| Date: | 2006 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam2: | Germanic |
| Fam3: | West Germanic |
| Fam4: | High German |
| Fam5: | Upper German |
| Fam6: | Alemannic |
| Script: | Latin (German alphabet) |
| Map: | Alemannic-Dialects-Map-English.svg |
| Mapcaption: | Areas where Alemannic dialects are spoken |
| Iso3: | swg |
| Glotto: | swab1242 |
| Glottorefname: | Swabian |
| Notice: | IPA |
Swabian (German: Schwäbisch pronounced as /de/) is one of the dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense),[3] that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia, which is located in central and southeastern Baden-Württemberg (including its capital Stuttgart and the Swabian Jura region) and the southwest of Bavaria (Bavarian Swabia). Furthermore, Swabian German dialects are spoken by Caucasus Germans in Transcaucasia.[4] The dialects of the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania are only nominally Swabian and can be traced back not only to Swabian but also to Franconian, Bavarian and Hessian dialects, with locally varying degrees of influence of the initial dialects.[5]
Swabian can be difficult to understand for speakers of Standard German due to its pronunciation and partly differing grammar and vocabulary.
In 2009, the word Muggeseggele (a Swabian idiom), meaning the scrotum of a housefly, was voted in a readers' survey by Stuttgarter Nachrichten, the largest newspaper in Stuttgart, as the most beautiful Swabian word, well ahead of any other term.[6] The expression is used in an ironic way to describe a small unit of measure and is deemed appropriate to use in front of small children (compare Bubenspitzle). German broadcaster SWR's children's website, Kindernetz, explained the meaning of Muggeseggele in their Swabian dictionary in the Swabian-based TV series Ein Fall für B.A.R.Z.[7]
| "p" to "b" | ||||
| Standard High German (SHG) | Swabian | Standard High German (SHG) | Swabian | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| German: Tasche (bag) | Dasch | German: putzen (to clean) | butza | |
| German: Tag (day) | Dag | German: Papa (dad) | Baba |
| German: Zug (train) | Zigle | |
| German: Haus (house) | Haisle | |
| German: Kerl (guy) | Kerle | |
| German: Mädchen (girl) | Mädle | |
| German: Baum (tree) | Baimle |
| SHG | Swabian | Example (SHG = Swabian) | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| short a pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: machen = macha | to make | |
| long a pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: schlafen = schlofa | to sleep | |
| short e pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: Mensch, German: fest = Mentsch, fescht | person, steady | |
| pronounced as /link/ | German: Fest = Fäscht | festival | ||
| long e pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /[ɛa̯]/ | German: leben = läaba | to live | |
| short o pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: Kopf = Kopf | head | |
| long o pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /[aʊ̯]/ | German: hoch, German: schon = hau, schau | high, already | |
| short ö pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: kennen, German: Köpfe = kenna, Kepf | to know, heads (pl) | |
| long ö pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: schön = schee | beautiful | |
| short i pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: in = en | in | |
| long i (ie) pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /[ia̯]/ | German: nie = nia | never | |
| short ü pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: über = iber | over | |
| long ü pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /[ia̯]/ | German: müde = miad | tired | |
| short u pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | German: und = ond | and | |
| long u pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /[ua̯]/ | German: gut = guat | good | |
| ei pronounced as /[aɪ̯]/ | pronounced as /[ɔa̯]/, pronounced as /[ɔɪ̯]/ | German: Stein = Schdoa/Schdoi | stone | |
| pronounced as /[a̯i]/ | German: mein = mei | my | ||
| au pronounced as /[aʊ̯]/ | pronounced as /[aʊ̯]/ | German: laufen = laofa | to run | |
| pronounced as /[a̯u]/ | German: Haus = Hous | house | ||
| eu pronounced as /[ɔʏ̯]/ | pronounced as /[a̯i]/, pronounced as /[ui̯]/ | German: Feuer = Feijer/Fuijer | fire |
In many regions, the Swabian dialect is spoken with a unique intonation that is also present when native speakers speak in SHG. Similarly, there is only one alveolar fricative phoneme pronounced as //s//, which is shared with most other southern dialects. Most Swabian-speakers are unaware of the difference between pronounced as //s// and pronounced as //z// and do not attempt to make it when they speak Standard German.
The voiced plosives, the post-alveolar fricative, and the frequent use of diminutives based on "l" suffixes gives the dialect a very "soft" or "mild" feel, often felt to be in sharp contrast to the harder varieties of German spoken in the North.
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/ Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pronounced as /p/ pronounced as /b/ | pronounced as /t/ pronounced as /d/ | pronounced as /k/ pronounced as /ɡ/ | ||||
| Affricate | pronounced as /b̥f/ | pronounced as /d̥s/ | (pronounced as /d̥ʃ/) | ||||
| Nasal | pronounced as /m/ | pronounced as /n/ | pronounced as /ŋ/ | ||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /f/ pronounced as /v/ | pronounced as /s/ | pronounced as /ʃ/ | (pronounced as /ç/) | pronounced as /x/ (pronounced as /ɣ/) | pronounced as /ʁ/ | (pronounced as /ʕ/) pronounced as /h/ |
| Approximant | pronounced as /l/ | pronounced as /j/ |
| Front | Central | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | ||
| Close | pronounced as /ɪ/ pronounced as /i/ | pronounced as /iː/ | pronounced as /u/ | pronounced as /uː/ | |||
| Close-mid | pronounced as /e/ | pronounced as /eː/ | pronounced as /ə/ | pronounced as /o/ | pronounced as /oː/ | ||
| Open-mid | pronounced as /ɛ/ | pronounced as /ɛː/ | (pronounced as /ɐ/) | pronounced as /ʌ/ pronounced as /ɔ/ | pronounced as /ɔː/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /a/ | pronounced as /aː/ | |||||
| Close | pronounced as /iə/ | pronounced as /uə/, pronounced as /ui/ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid | pronounced as /eə/ | pronounced as /əi/ | pronounced as /əu/, pronounced as /ɔe/ | |
| Open | pronounced as /ae/ | pronounced as /ao/ |
Swabian is categorized as an Alemannic dialect, which in turn is one of the two types of Upper German dialects (the other being Bavarian).
The Swabian dialect is composed of numerous sub-dialects, each of which has its own variations. These sub-dialects can be categorized by the difference in the formation of the past participle of 'sein' (to be) into gwäa and gsei. The Gsei group is nearer to other Alemannic dialects, such as Swiss German. It can be divided into South-East Swabian, West Swabian and Central Swabian.[10]
See also: Banat Swabian dialect.
The Danube Swabians from Hungary, Romania, and former Yugoslavia have been speaking several different Swabian dialects, called locally Schwowisch, some being similar to the original Swabian dialect, but also the Bavarian dialect, mostly with Palatine and Hesse mixed dialects.[11] In this regard, the Banat Swabians speak the Banat Swabian dialect.
The Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Commerce launched an advertising campaign with the slogan "Wir können alles. Außer Hochdeutsch." which means "We can [do] everything. Except [speak] Standard German" to boost Swabian pride for their dialect and industrial achievements.[12] However, it failed to impress Northern Germans[13] and neighboring Baden. Dominik Kuhn (Dodokay) became famous in Germany with Swabian fandub videos,[14] dubbing among others Barack Obama with German dialect vocals and revised text.[15] In the German dubbing of the 2001 movie Monsters Inc., the Abominable Snowman, played by John Ratzenberger in the original English version and Walter von Hauff in the German version, speaks in the Swabian dialect.[16]
Articles in Swabian on the Alemannic/Swiss German edition of Wikipedia