| Suresh Biswas সুরেশ বিশ্বাস | |
| Birth Date: | 1861 |
| Birth Place: | Nathpur, Nadia, Bengal, British India |
| Death Date: | 22 September 1905 (aged 44) |
| Death Place: | Brazil |
| Occupation: | Ringmaster, Doctor, Soldier |
Captain Suresh Biswas (1861 – 22 September 1905) was a 19th-century adventurer from India.
Suresh Biswas was born in 1861in a Vaishnav middle-class Mahishya family in Nathpur, Krishnaganj in Nadia district in Bengal Presidency. His ancestors took leading role in Indigo revolt.[1] Suresh spent a wild childhood, fighting feral cats and dogs, fishing, joining in hunts, and risking life and limb in every conceivable way. He brawled with British soldiers on Calcutta’s Maidan, but also became close to his missionary teachers at the London Mission College in Bhowanipore, and left home after turning Christian at the age of 14.[2]
After working for a short while at Calcutta’s Spence’s hotel as a kind of tourist guide, Suresh decided to stow away on a ship for Rangoon, and worked as a timber camp care taker in the Taungoo forest for a while. Biswas had travelled to England as a stowaway at the age of seventeen. After he arrived in England he drifted through several occupations, before becoming an animal trainer in a circus in Kent. He travelled with the circus to Hamburg. After that, he migrated first to Argentina in 1885, then to Brazil, the first Bengali to do so. A young Biswas debuted with his Tigers to great acclaim in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His success followed him to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where the royal family visited the circus to see his performance. In 1887, he joined the Brazilian army as corporal and rose swiftly through the ranks. The monarchy was overthrown in 1889, but Suresh became a lieutenant in 1893 and was instrumental in quelling the Brazilian Naval Revolt the following year. His exploits at the Battle of Niteroi made him an instant hero.[3]
Biswas's career ended in the most abrupt way as he passed away at only age of 45 on 22 September 1905 in Rio de Janeiro. The exact circumstances of his death remain unknown. He was survived by his wife, Maria Augusta Biswas, and their six children Suresh, Jorge Cleveland, Luiz Merodack, Clarisse, Hermes and Stella. Brazilian government paid the expenses of his funeral; and later the government awarded a permanent montepio (pension) to his widow and temporary pensions were also granted for the children, all of whom were minors at the time.[4]
Though there is little evidence on Biswas's life — only six letters that he wrote to his uncle and some recently excavated circus posters and social records — Suresh Biswas has been the subject of a renewed interest as evidenced by the reprint of his 1899 biography in 2018.[5] It includes an essay by Maria Barrera-Agarwal which provides evidence that validate Biswas's claims.[6] A research-driven biopic-screenplay by Indranil Chakravarty has been published from Australia.[7] A detailed discussion of Biswas' context, and an examination of the biographical sources has been published from New Zealand.[8] Chakravarty presents Biswas's life-narrative "as a non-Western, non-elite 19th century cosmopolitan, thereby constructing a counter-narrative to the dominant discourse of cosmopolitanism as a matter of exclusive Western, elite privilege".[9]
Biswas was mentioned in Satyajit Ray's novel "Chhinnamastar Abhishap" (Trans: The Curse of the Goddess), featuring the fictional detective, Feluda[10] and also in "Du Chakay Duniya" by first Indian globe trotter Bimal Mukherjee. Bengali Comics strip creator Mayukh Chowdhury created a Bengali comics named 'Bangadesher Ranga' on him featuring him in the midst of the jungles in Brazil.Colonel Suresh Biswas's name was also referred in the short story "Biswas Moshai" by Banaful (Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay).[11] Also he was mentioned in writer Hemendra Kumar Roy's story "Surjo Nogorir Gupotodhon", which belongs to Hemendra Kumar's Bimal-Kumar series.
Suresh Biswas is also mentioned in Subhas Chandra Bose autobiography.[12]