| Surabaya | |
| Official Name: | City of Surabaya |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Translit Lang1: | Regional |
| Translit Lang1 Type1: | Javanese |
| Translit Lang1 Info1: | Javanese: {{Script|Arab|{{resize|11pt|سورابايا Javanese: {{Script|Java|{{resize|10pt|ꦯꦸꦫꦨꦪ |
| Translit Lang1 Type2: | Madurese |
| Translit Lang1 Info2: | Madurese: {{Script|Arab|{{resize|11pt|سَوربۤاجۤا Madurese: {{Script|Java|{{resize|10pt|ꦯꦺꦴꦂꦨꦗ |
| Translit Lang1 Type3: | Chinese |
| Translit Lang1 Info3: | Chinese: {{resize|10pt|泗水 |
| Nickname: | Kota Pahlawan (City of Heroes) Kota Baya (Brave City) San Francisco van Java (San Francisco of Java) |
| Motto: | Sura ing Baya (Kawi) "Brave in the Face of Danger" |
| Pushpin Map: | Indonesia_Java#Indonesia |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Java and Indonesia |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Coordinates: | -7.2458°N 112.7378°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Indonesia |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Java |
| Established Title: | Settled |
| Established Date: | 1037[1] |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Eri Cahyadi (PDI-P) |
| Leader Title2: | Vice Mayor |
| Area Total Km2: | 350.56 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 911 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 5,925 |
| Elevation M: | 5 |
| Population Total: | 3009286 (2nd) |
| Population As Of: | mid 2023 estimate[2] |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Demonyms: | Surabayan |
| Population Urban: | 6,556,000 (3rd) |
| Population Urban Footnotes: | [3] |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | 7,134 |
| Population Metro: | 9,958,656 (2nd) |
| Population Metro Footnotes: | [4] |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | 1,615 |
| Demographics Type1: | Demographics |
| Demographics1 Title1: | (2017 estimates)[5] |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Religion[6] |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal Code |
| Postal Code: | 60111 – 60299 |
| Area Code: | (+62) 31 |
| Area Code Type: | Area code |
| Registration Plate: | L |
| Registration Plate Type: | Vehicle registration |
| Timezone: | Indonesia Western Standard Time |
| Utc Offset: | +07:00 |
| Blank Name: | Nominal GDP[7] |
| Blank Info: | 2023 |
| Blank1 Name: | - Total |
| Blank1 Info: | Rp 715.294 trillion (2nd) US$ 46.928 billion Int$ 150.294 billion (PPP) |
| Blank2 Name: | - Per capita |
| Blank2 Info: | Rp 245,685 thousand (5th) US$ 16,118 Int$ 51,622 (PPP) |
| Blank3 Name: | - Metro |
| Blank3 Info: | Rp 2,037.09 trillion US$ 133.647 billion Int$ 428.025 billion (PPP) |
| Blank4 Name: | - Growth |
| Blank4 Info: | 6.1% |
| Blank5 Name: | HDI (2023) |
| Blank5 Info: | 0.840 (11th) Very High |
| Established Title1: | Founded |
| Established Date1: | 31 May 1293[8] |
| Established Title2: | Incorporated |
| Established Date2: | 1 April 1906 (as Gemeente)[9] |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Largest district by area |
| Blank Info Sec2: | Sukolilo – 30.15km2 |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Largest district by population |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | Tambaksari (226,136 – 2022 est) |
Surabaya (; pronounced as /id/; in Javanese surɔˈbɔjɔ/) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Java and the second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern corner of Java island, on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar.[10] [11] The city had a population of 2,874,314 within its city limits at the 2020 census.[12] With 3,009,286 people living in the city as of mid 2023 (comprising 1,490,358 males and 1,518,928 females) [13] and over 10 million in the extended Surabaya metropolitan area, according to the latest official estimate, Surabaya was the second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia.[14] Surabaya metropolitan is also ASEAN's 7th largest economy ahead of Hanoi. In 2023, the city's GRP PPP was estimated at US$150.294 billion.
The city was settled in the 10th century by the Kingdom of Janggala, one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when Airlangga abdicated his throne in favor of his two sons. In the late 15th and 16th centuries, Surabaya grew to be a duchy, a major political and military power as well as a port in eastern Java, probably under the Majapahit empire. At that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, owing to its location on the River Brantas delta and the trade route between Malacca and the Spice Islands via the Java Sea. During the decline of Majapahit, the lord of Surabaya resisted the rise of the Demak Sultanate and only submitted to its rule in 1530. Surabaya became independent after the death of Sultan Trenggana of Demak in 1546.
From the 18th century until the mid-20th century, Surabaya was the largest city in the Dutch East Indies and the main trading hub for the Indonesian archipelago, competing with Shanghai and Hong Kong.[15]
Although Surabaya extends over only, its metropolitan area covers, which includes the satellite cities of Mojokerto, Gresik, Sidoarjo, Bangkalan, and Lamongan, and has an estimated population of 9.96 million, making it the Second largest urban area in Indonesia and the Top 50 largest in the world. Surabaya ranks 11th among the Indonesian city in the human development index. Surabaya's offer business and employment opportunities, along with its ability to offer a potentially higher standard of living compared to other parts of the country, have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of numerous cultures.
The city is referred to as Kota Pahlawan (the city of heroes) due to the significance of the Battle of Surabaya during the Indonesian National Revolution. The city is one of the important financial, commercial, industrial, transportation, and entertainment hubs of the archipelago.[16] Arguably the second most significant city after Jakarta, the city is also home to Indonesia's second-busiest seaport, the Port of Tanjung Perak, which is located in northern Surabaya. The city is also known for being one of the cleanest and greenest in Indonesia.
Surabaya has been one of the busiest trading city ports in Asia.[17] Principal exports from the port include sugar, tobacco, and coffee.[18] Its rich history as a trading port has led to a strong financial infrastructure with financial institutions such as banks, insurance, and export-import companies. The economy is influenced by the recent growth in international industries and the completion of the Suramadu Bridge. The city is home to a large shipyard and numerous specialized naval schools.[19] The Bank of Indonesia has also made plans for Surabaya to be the Islamic financial center of Indonesia.[20] [21]
Surabaya, from the Javanese "Javanese: sura ing baya", means "bravely facing danger"; originally from the union of Pali words "sura", referring to the "Asura" (Buddhism beliefs), and "bhaya", referring to "fear", "perils" or "danger". This name for Surabaya alludes to a prophecy of Jayabaya, a 12th-century psychic king of Kediri Kingdom, whose name means "conquering the fear or perils" derived from the Pali words "Jaya" or "Vijaya" (victory or conqueror) and "bhaya" (fear, perils or danger). Jayabaya foresaw a fight between a giant white shark and a giant white crocodile taking place in the area.[22]
The event is sometimes interpreted as foretelling the Mongol invasion of Java, a major conflict between the forces of Kublai Khan, Mongol ruler of China, and those of Raden Wijaya's Majapahit on 31 May 1293,[23] [24] which is now considered the date of the city's founding.[25]
The two animals are now used as the city's symbol, with the two facing and circling each other, as depicted in a statue appropriately located near the entrance to the city zoo.[26]
Some people consider Jayabaya's prophecy as being about the great war between native Surabayan people and foreign invaders at the start of the war of independence in 1945. Another story tells of two heroes who fought each other to be the king of the city. The two heroes were named Sura and Baya. These folk etymologies, though embraced enthusiastically by its people and city leaders, are unverifiable.[27]
The Kingdom of Janggala was one of the two Javanese kingdoms that were formed in 1045 when Airlangga abdicated the throne of the Kingdom of Kahuripan in favor of his two sons. The earliest historical record of Surabaya was in the 1225 book Zhu fan zhi written by Zhao Rugua, in which it was called Jung-ya-lu.[28] The name Janggala is derived from the name "Hujung Galuh" (Old Javanese lit: "Cape Diamond" or "Cape Gemstone"), or "Jung-ya-lu" according to Chinese sources. Hujung Galuh was located on the estuary of Brantas River and today is part of modern Surabaya city and Sidoarjo Regency.[29]
By the 14th and 15th centuries, Surabaya was one of the Majapahit ports or coastal settlements, together with Tuban, Gresik, and Hujung Galuh (Sidoarjo). Ma Huan documented the early 15th-century visit of Zheng He's treasure ships in his 1433 book Yingya Shenglan: "after travelling south for more than 20 li, the ship reached Sulumayi, whose foreign name is Surabaya. At the estuary, the outflowing water is fresh".[30]
Ma Huan visited Java during Zheng He's fourth expedition in 1413, during the reign of Majapahit king Wikramawardhana. He describes his travel to the Majapahit capital. He first arrived at the port of Tu-pan (Tuban) where he saw large numbers of Chinese settlers migrated from Guangdong and Zhangzhou. Then, he sailed east to the thriving new trading town of Ko-erh-hsi (Gresik), Su-pa-erh-ya (Surabaya), and then sailing inland into the river by smaller boat to the southwest until he reached the Brantas river port of Chang-ku (Changgu). Continuing to travel by land to the southwest, he arrived in Man-che-po-I (Majapahit), where the Javanese king stayed.[31]
The Surabaya area was once the main gateway to the capital of the Majapahit Kingdom from the sea, at the mouth of Kali Mas river. The anniversary of the city of Surabaya was set on May 31, 1293, commemorating the victory of the Majapahit led by Raden Wijaya against the Mongol invasion. Mongol troops who came from the sea were described as SURA (sharks / brave) and Raden Wijaya's troops who came from the land were described as BAYA (crocodiles / danger), literally translating to brave to face the dangers that come threatening. So the day of victory is commemorated as the anniversary of Surabaya.
By the late 15th century, Islam began to take its root in Surabaya. The settlement of Ampel, located around Ampel Mosque in today's Ampel subdistrict, Semampir district, north Surabaya, was established by Islamic proselytiser Sunan Ampel.[32]
In the late 15th and 16th centuries, Surabaya grew to a duchy, a major political and military power in eastern Java. The Portuguese writer Tomé Pires mentioned that a Muslim lord was in power in Surabaya in 1513, though likely still a vassal of the Hindu–Buddhist Majapahit. By that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, owing to its location on the Brantas River delta and the trade route between Malacca and the Spice Islands via the Java Sea. During the decline of Majapahit, the lord of Surabaya resisted the rise of the Demak Sultanate and only submitted to its rule in 1530. Surabaya became independent after the death of Sultan Trenggana of Demak in 1546.
Following the collapse of Demak, Surabaya was conquered by the Mataram Sultanate, under the leadership of Panembahan Senopati in 1598, and invaded by Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak in 1610, An article by the VOC in 1620 described Surabaya as a rich and powerful region.[33]
The Duchy of Surabaya entered conflict with and was later captured by the more powerful Sultanate of Mataram in 1625 under Sultan Agung.[34] It was one of Mataram's fiercest campaigns, in which they had to conquer Surabaya's allies, Sukadana and Madura, and to lay siege to the city, blocking the flow of the Brantas River, Sultan Agung forced Surabaya to surrender. With this conquest, Mataram then controlled most of Java, except the Banten Sultanate and the Dutch settlement of Batavia.
The expanding Dutch East India Company took over the city from a weakened Mataram in November 1743. In consolidating its rule over Surabaya and, in time, the rest of East Java, the Dutch collaborated with leading regional magnates, including Ngabehi Soero Pernollo (1720–1776), his brother Han Bwee Kong, Kapitein der Chinezen (1727–1778), and his nephew, Han Chan Piet, Majoor der Chinezen (1759–1827), all from the powerful Han family of Lasem.[35] [36]
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Surabaya was largest city in the Dutch East Indies, becoming a major trading center and hosting the most extensive naval base in the colony. Surabaya also served as the center of Java's plantation economy, industry, supported by its natural harbor.[37]
During the Dutch East Indies era, Surabaya was the capital of the Surabaya Residency, whose territory encompasses what is now the Gresik Regency, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, and Jombang. In 1905, Surabaya received the status of municipality (gemeente). In 1926, Surabaya was designated the capital of the province of East Java. Since then Surabaya developed into the second largest city in the Dutch East Indies after Batavia.
Before 1900, the city center of Surabaya revolved around the Jembatan Merah; (English: Red Bridge). In 1910, a modern port facility was built in Surabaya, now known as Tanjung Perak Harbor. Until the 1920s, new settlements such as Darmo, Gubeng, Fields, and Ketabang grew.
In 1920, a census recorded that Batavia had become the largest city. In 1917, a revolt occurred among the soldiers and sailors of Surabaya, led by the Indies Social Democratic Association. The revolt was firmly crushed, and the insurgents were given harsh sentences.[38]
Japan occupied the city in 1942, as part of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and it was bombed by the Allies in 1944. After the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II, Surabaya was seized by Indonesian nationalists. The young nation soon came into conflict with the British, who had become caretakers of the Dutch colony after the Japanese surrender.[39]
The Battle of Surabaya, started after the Arek-Arek Suroboyo (Teenagers of Surabaya) killed British Brigadier Aubertin Mallaby on 30 October 1945, near Jembatan Merah, allegedly with a stray bullet. The Allies gave an ultimatum to the Republicans inside the city to surrender, but they refused. The ensuing battle, which cost thousands of lives, took place on 10 November, which Indonesians subsequently celebrate as Hari Pahlawan (Heroes' Day). The incident of the red-white flag (the Dutch flag at the top of Yamato Hotel's tower that was torn into the Indonesian red-white flag) by Bung Tomo is also recorded as a heroic feat during the struggle over the city.[40]
The city is known as Kota Pahlawan (the city of heroes) due to the importance of the Battle of Surabaya in galvanising Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution.[41]
After the independence era, population growth and rapid urbanization forced Surabaya to develop towards the east and west as it is today. The increase in vehicles, the growth of new industries and the proliferation of housing carried out by real estate companies occupying the outskirts of the city have resulted in traffic jams not only in the downtown area but also frequently in the suburbs. Surabaya grew from a relative poor city in the late 19th century into a metropolis in the late 20th century, and became one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in Southeast Asia. Surabaya also managed to become one of the most organized metropolitan cities in Indonesia with the cleanest air.
On 13 May 2018, three churches in Surabaya and one apartment complex in the neighboring regency of Sidoarjo were bombed in a series of terrorist attacks initiated by Jamaah Ansharut Daulah, the Southeast Asian branch of ISIS, followed by a bombing on Surabaya Police Department HQ the next day. 28 people were killed, including the assailants. 57 people were injured; several of whom where in a critical condition.
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in East Java was in Surabaya, on 17 March 2020.[42] In May 2020, Surabaya became the epicenter of the pandemic in Indonesia.
Architecture in Surabaya is a mixture of colonial, Asian, Javanese, modern, and post-modern influences. There are many colonial-era relics still standing today, such as Hotel Majapahit and Surabaya Post Office. As a relatively old city in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, most colonial buildings were built around the 17th century to the early 20th century.[43] These buildings show the influence of Dutch or European style in the Middle Ages.[44]
Before the Second World War, there were many shophouses in the old part of the city, mostly two-storey.[45] They display the influence of European and Chinese traditions. Although some have been dismantled for new construction, there are still many old buildings that are preserved as cultural heritage and city icons, which are around the area of Kembang Jepun Street, Karet Street, Gula Street, Slompretan Street, and Rajawali Street.[46]
After the independence of Indonesia, the center of Surabaya's architectural development was concentrated only in the area of Jembatan Merah and its surroundings. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, modern and post-modern style buildings were increasingly emerging in Surabaya. Along with economic development, such buildings have continued to grow. In the 2010s, Surabaya has become a center of skyscrapers and high-rises in East Java and central regions of Indonesia, such as The Peak Residence – Tunjungan Plaza 6 (215 meters) and One Icon Residence – Tunjungan Plaza 5 (200 meters).[47]
Surabaya is located on the northern coast of East Java province. It is mostly lowlands with a river estuary of Kalimas, one of two branches of the Brantas River. Surabaya city borders Madura Strait in the north and east.The regencies surrounding Surabaya are:
Like many other large Indonesian metropolises, many residents reside outside the city limits in ametropolitan area called Gerbangkertosusila.
Surabaya is among the cleanest and greenest cities in Indonesia.[48] This can be seen by the urban parks which are equipped with fountains in almost every neighborhood area.[49] These parks include Bungkul Park, Harmoni Park, Pelangi Park, Surya Park, Mundu Park, Undaan Fruit Park, Jayengrono Park,[50] and others. Bungkul Park was awarded the Asian Townscape Award 2013 from the United Nations as the best park in Asia because of its very complete and integrated facilities, starting from the economic area (street food centers), green open area, parks, disability-friendly area, free internet (Wi-Fi), and routine garden maintenance management.[51] The city of Surabaya is very outstanding in the field of environment.[52] The city has won many awards in the field of environment and city planning both nationally and internationally.[53] These awards have included Adipura, Adipura kencana, Adiwiyata, Wahyu Tata Nugraha, and other green awards, the Adipura Cup, which Surabaya won several times in the 1980s and 1990s, the Adipura Kencana trophy, the cleanest metropolitan city category in the 1990s and in the period of 2010 to 2017, seven consecutive times, as well as the Adipura trophy, plenary in 2016.[54] The city also received several awards from the central government as one of the major cities with the best air quality in Indonesia.[55] Surabaya in 2012 has won the award "City of the Best Participation in the Asia Pacific" by Citynet for the success of the city government and people's participation in managing the environment. Surabaya has also been awarded the ASEAN Environmentally Sustainable City Award or "the city with the best sustainable environmental management in ASEAN" in 2011 and 2014.[56] In 2018, Surabaya won the Lee Kuan Yew City Prize along with Hamburg, Kazan, and Tokyo, on the basis of the ability to maintain and manage villages in the middle of the city with excellent government management and community participation amid the rapidly developing city.[57] Surabaya became the first city in Indonesia to receive this award.[58] On the other hand, however, there are not a few areas in Surabaya that appear less organised, especially in the neighborhoods of Southern and Northern Surabaya.[59] [60] This is the concern of the city government to reorganise the environment of the region.[61]
Surabaya features a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen: Aw), with distinct wet and dry seasons. The city's wet season runs from October through May, while the dry season covers the remaining four months. Unlike many cities and regions with a tropical wet and dry climate, average high and low temperatures are very consistent throughout the year, with an average high temperature of around 31 °C and average low temperatures around 23 °C. Summer months (December to February) are the wettest months, while spring months (September to November) are the hottest months.
| Colspan=14 | Wind Speed and Humidity data for Surabaya | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |
| Maximum Wind Speed (km/h) | 23 | 16 | 16 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 40 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 29 | 21 | 27.5 | |
| Average Wind Speed (km/h) | 13.39 | 12.10 | 13.30 | 14.37 | 20.26 | 16.87 | 22.71 | 22.16 | 22.8 | 22.35 | 18.6 | 13.55 | 17.71 | |
| Minimum Wind Speed (km/h) | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 9.42 | |
| Maximum Humidity (%) | 86 | 75 | 83 | 92 | 96 | 77 | 67 | 69 | 64 | 73 | 65 | 79 | 77.17 | |
| Average Humidity (%) | 66.61 | 69.1 | 66.3 | 67.23 | 64.87 | 60.27 | 60.84 | 57.87 | 54.53 | 56.06 | 56.13 | 63.03 | 61.9 | |
| Minimum Humidity (%) | 44 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 53 | 47 | 52 | 47 | 46 | 42 | 46 | 53 | 50.58 | |
| Source: Climatevo[62] | ||||||||||||||
| Colspan=14 | Climate data for Surabaya | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average sea temperature °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.6 (85.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.9 (84.0) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.2 (86.4) | 29.1 (84.4) |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.1 |
| Average Ultraviolet index | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11.6 |
| Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;" | Source: Weather Atlas[63] |
The city has its own local government and legislative body. The mayor and members of representatives are locally elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The city government enjoys greater decentralisation of affairs than the provincial body, such as the provision of public schools, public health facilities, and public transportation. The current mayor of the city is Eri Cahyadi, who has served the city since 26 February 2021. The city's first female mayor is Tri Rismaharini, who has led Surabaya to achieve many regional, national and international awards since her first term began in 2010. In 2012, Surabaya was awarded the "ASEAN Environmentally Sustainable City Award". Besides Mayor and Vice Mayor, there is the Surabaya City Regional House of Representatives, which is a legislative body of 50 council members directly elected by the people in legislative elections every five years.[64]
The city administration maintains a central command center since 2016, integrating all civic services including Satpol PP, Bakesbangpol and Linmas, Hygiene and Parks Service, Transportation Agency, Public Works Agency of Highways and Extermination, ambulance and fire services.[65] [66] All services can be accessed by dialling 112 number. The city is dubbed as the champion of a smart city in Indonesia and won Indonesia Smart City Index (IKCI) in 2015 and 2018.[67] Surabaya also received an award at the Guangzhou International Award for Urban Innovation in the Online Popular City category and Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize in 2018.[68]
Surabaya is divided into thirty-one kecamatan (districts),[69] [70] and subdivided into 154 kelurahan (urban villages). The districts are grouped into five areas: Central, North, South, East, and West. The districts are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[70] and the 2020 Census,[12] together with their official estimates as at mid 2023.[71] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, and the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan) in each district.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n Census 2010 | Pop'n Census 2020 | Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 | Admin centre | No. of villages | Post codes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35.78.01 | Karangpilang | 9.39 | 72,469 | 74,796 | 75,572 | Kebraon | 4 | 60221 - 60223 |
| 35.78.23 | Jambangan | 4.10 | 46,430 | 50,470 | 54,200 | Jambangan | 4 | 60232 - 60233 |
| 35.78.22 | Gayungan | 5.89 | 42,717 | 41,289 | 43,999 | Gayungsari | 4 | 60231 - 60235 |
| 35.78.02 | Wonocolo | 6.53 | 80,276 | 75,315 | 79,559 | Jemur Wonosari | 5 | 60236 - 60239 |
| 35.78.24 | 5.81 | 72,467 | 61,187 | 58,990 | Panjang Jiwo | 4 | 60291 - 60299 | |
| 35.78.25 | Gunung Anyar | 10.15 | 62,120 | 62,482 | 61,565 | Gunung Anyar | 4 | 60293 - 60294 |
| 35.78.03 | 22.91 | 121,084 | 123,757 | 121,941 | Kali Rungkut | 6 | 60293 - 60298 | |
| 35.78.09 | Sukolilo | 30.15 | 119,873 | 110,557 | 115,099 | Menur | 7 | 60111 - 60119 |
| 35.78.26 | Mulyorejo | 17.37 | 94,728 | 86,545 | 87,556 | Mulyorejo | 6 | 60112 - 60116 |
| 35.78.08 | 7.90 | 128,127 | 123,961 | 133,804 | Erlangga | 6 | 60281 - 60286 | |
| 35.78.04 | 8.26 | 133,211 | 144,650 | 154,995 | Darmo | 6 | 60241 - 60246 | |
| 35.78.21 | Dukuh Pakis | 10.26 | 64,249 | 56,707 | 59,532 | Pradah Kali Kendal | 4 | 60224 - 60226 |
| 35.78.20 | Wiyung | 12.38 | 67,987 | 71,605 | 75,382 | Wiyung | 4 | 60222 - 60229 |
| 35.78.18 | Lakarsantri | 18.90 | 51,195 | 59,256 | 64,062 | Jeruk | 6 | 60211 - 60215 |
| 35.78.31 | 17.17 | 61,101 | 63,778 | 67,943 | Sambikerep | 4 | 60216 - 60219 | |
| 35.78.14 | Tandes | 9.94 | 103,084 | 87,511 | 91,922 | Balongsari | 6 | 60184 - 60187 |
| 35.78.27 | Sukomanunggal | 9.27 | 100,612 | 101,259 | 104,786 | Simomulyo | 6 | 60187 - 60189 (a) |
| 35.78.06 | Sawahan | 7.18 | 170,605 | 188,693 | 199,336 | Putat | 6 | 60253 - 60256 |
| 35.78.05 | Tegalsari | 4.31 | 85,606 | 92,014 | 98,317 | Putran | 5 | 60261 - 60265 |
| 35.78.07 | Genteng | 4.06 | 46,548 | 52,924 | 58,742 | Ketabang | 5 | 60271 - 60275 |
| 35.78.10 | 8.97 | 204,805 | 214,966 | 226,995 | Pacar Keling | 8 | 60131 - 60138 | |
| 35.78.17 | Kenjeran | 8.51 | 163,438 | 181,325 | 181,300 | Tanah Kali Kedinding | 4 | 60126 - 60129 |
| 35.78.29 | Bulak | 6.24 | 37,214 | 43,764 | 47,082 | Bulak | 4 | 60121 - 60125 |
| 35.78.11 | Simokerto | 2.61 | 79,319 | 86,897 | 92,683 | Tambakrejo | 5 | 60141 - 60145 |
| 35.78.16 | Semampir | 9.05 | 151,429 | 172,669 | 182,371 | Ujung | 5 | 60151 - 60155 |
| 35.78.12 | Pabean Cantian | 5.48 | 69,423 | 70,808 | 74,490 | Perak Utara | 5 | 60161 - 60165 |
| 35.78.13 | Bubutan | 3.89 | 84,465 | 90,646 | 97,273 | Bubutan | 5 | 60171 - 68174 |
| 35.78.15 | Krembangan | 8.60 | 106,664 | 109,027 | 115,320 | Morokrembangan | 5 | 60175 - 60179 |
| 35.78.28 | Asemrowo | 15.05 | 42,704 | 45,547 | 48,022 | Asemrowo | 3 | 60182 - 60184 |
| 35.78.19 | Benowo | 26.64 | 54,133 | 69,938 | 73,306 | Sememi | 4 | 60191 - 60199 |
| 35.78.30 | Pakal | 18.57 | 47,404 | 59,971 | 62,715 | Babat Jerawat | 4 | 60192 - 60197 |
| Totals | 350.56 | 2,768,225 | 2,874,314 | 3,009,286 | Genteng | 154 |
Notes: (a) except the 2 kelurahan of Simomulyo and Simomulyo Baru, which have the postcode of 60281.
Surabaya is the second-most populous city in Indonesia, with 2,874,314 inhabitants recorded in the chartered city limits (kota) in the 2020 census;[72] [12] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 3,009,286.[73] With the extended metropolitan development area called Gerbangkertosusila (derived from Gresik-Bangkalan-Mojokerto-Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Lamongan) adding more than 12 million inhabitants in several cities and around 50 districts spread over noncontiguous urban areas including Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, and Pasuruan regencies. The central government of Indonesia recognises only the metropolitan area (Surabaya, Gresik, and Sidoarjo) as Greater Surabaya (Zona Surabaya Raya) with a population of 8,319,229 (2015), making Surabaya now the second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia.[74] The city is highly urbanised, with industries centralised in the city, and contains slums. As a leading education center, the city is also home for students from around Indonesia.[75]
Surabaya is an old city that has expanded over time, and its population continues to grow at roughly 2.2% per year. In recent years, more people have moved to Surabaya from nearby suburbs and villages in East Java.[76]
Javanese people form the majority in Surabaya, forming around 83 percent out all population, while the Madurese and Chinese are significant minorities, forming around 7 percent respectively,[77] the rest are Arab and other ethnics that are present. Surabaya also has ethnic populations from other parts of Indonesia: Sundanese, Minang, Batak, Banjar, and Balinese. Surabaya is one of the major cities in Indonesia that has a significant population of Middle East people; there are Arabs, especially the Hadhrami people who originate from the Hadhramaut region in Yemen, Armenian people, and Jews.[78]
As one of the educational destinations, Surabaya is also the residence of students from various regions from all over Indonesia, even among them they also form their own community forum, majority from Eastern part of Indonesia such as Papuan, Minahasan, Bugis, Timor people and others. As one of the regional trade centers, many foreigners (expatriates) live in Surabaya, especially in the western part of the city. Foreign communities like Korean and westerners are among those who exist and settle in the city.
Most citizens speak a dialect of East Javanese called Suroboyoan, a subdialect of the Arekan dialect. A stereotype of this dialect concerns equality and directness in speech.[79] The use of register is less strict than the standardized Central Java dialect.[80] The Suroboyoan dialect is a mixture of both Indonesian and Javanese, also with some significant influence from foreign languages such as Madurese, which has formed a distinctive dialect known as Suroboyoan. The Suroboyoan dialect is actively promoted in local media, such as in local TV shows, radio, newspapers, and traditional dramas called Ludruk.[81] The speakers of Suroboyoan dialect are well known for being proud of their distinctive dialect and consistently maintain it wherever they go.[82]
Although around 80% of citizens in Surabaya adhere to Sunni Islam, other major religions include Christianity (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodox), of whom the majority are Roman Catholics. The influence of Hinduism is strong in basic Surabayan culture, but only a minority of the population adheres to Hinduism, mostly among the ethnic Indian[83] and Balinese minorities. Also, a significant population of Chinese Indonesians adhere to Buddhism and Confucianism, and a small community of Dutch Jews follow Judaism.[84]
The city had an influential role as a major Islamic center in Java during the Wali Sanga era.[85] The prominent and honored Islamic figure in Surabaya was Sunan Ampel (Raden Rahmat). His tomb is a sacred religious site in the city and is visited by Surabayans and pilgrims from different parts of Indonesia. The largest Muslim organisation in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama, was established in Surabaya on 26 January 1926.[86] Al-Akbar Mosque is the largest mosque in the city and one of the largest mosque in the world.[87]
Christianity as a whole is mainly practised by Chinese Indonesians, as well as native Javanese, Bataks, and Ambonese who attend either a Roman Catholic or Protestant church.[88] [89] A minority of Javanese worship at the Gereja Kejawen - a syncretic religious movement that combines Christianity with the traditional religion of Java.[90] Around 15 churches are in Surabaya; they vary in size. The Church of the Birth of Our Lady, also known as Gereja Kepanjen, was built in 1815 as the first church in Surabaya and is one of the oldest churches in Indonesia.[91] Graha Bethany Nginden, is a megachurch which is one of the largest churches in Surabaya, Indonesia and Southeast Asia.[92] The main Orthodox Church in Indonesia, St Nikolas Church, is also based in Surabaya. The Orthodox Christian Center Surabaya was opened on 15 October 2008.[93]
Once the major religion in Surabaya and across the archipelago during the Janggala and Majapahit era, Hinduism played a major role in traditional Surabayan culture.[94] Small Hindu communities still exist, most commonly in the eastern sections of the city.[95] Surabaya was the location of the only synagogue in Java,[96] but it rarely obtained a minyan (quorum). The synagogue was demolished in 2013 by unidentified people while the city council was in the process of registering it as a heritage site.[97] In the years before its demolition, it had been the site of many anti-Israel protests. A Jewish cemetery exists in the city.[98] [99]
Since the early 1900s, Surabaya has been one of the most important and busiest trading city ports in Asia.[17] Principal exports from the port include sugar, tobacco, and coffee.[100] Its rich history as a trading port has led to a strong financial infrastructure with modern economic institutions such as banks, insurance, and sound export-import companies. The economy is influenced by the recent growth in international industries and the completion of the Suramadu Bridge. The high potential and economic activities make the city an attractive destination to foreign investors.The city is home to a large shipyard and numerous specialized naval schools.[19] The Bank of Indonesia has also made plans for Surabaya to be the Islamic financial center of Indonesia.[20] [21]
As the provincial capital, Surabaya has numerous offices and business centers; as a metropolitan city, it became the center of economic, financial, and business activities in East Java and beyond. Also, Surabaya is the second-largest port city in Indonesia after Jakarta. As a trading center, Surabaya is not only a trade center for East Java, but also facilitates areas in Central Java, Kalimantan, and Eastern Indonesia. Surabaya's strategic location in almost in the center of Indonesia and just south of Asia makes it one of the critical hubs for trading activities in Southeast Asia.[101] It is currently in the process of building high-rise skyscrapers, including apartments, condominiums, and hotels to attract foreign capital. Surabaya and the surrounding area are undergoing the most rapidly growing and the most advanced economic development in Indonesia. The city is also one of the most essential cities in supporting Indonesia's economy.
Most of the population is engaged in services, industry, and trade. Surabaya is a fast-growing trading center. Major industries include shipbuilding, heavy equipment, food processing and agriculture, electronics, home furnishings, and handicrafts. Many major multinational companies are based in Surabaya, such as Sampoerna, Maspion, Wings Group, Unilever Indonesia, Pakuwon Group, Jawa Pos Group, and PAL Indonesia.[102] [103]
The area in Tegalsari and Bubutan District between Basuki Rachmat Road, Tunjungan Street,[104] Embong Malang Road, and Bubutan Avenue has grown as a business center and has turned into one of the main business and trade activities areas in Surabaya. Some of the important buildings in this area include Wisma BRI Surabaya, Hotel Bumi Surabaya, Wisma Dharmala Surabaya, The Peak Building, and Sheraton Hotel.[105] [106]
Another cluster in southwestern Surabaya around Major General Sungkono Avenue, Adityawarman Road, H.R. Muhammad Avenue, and Darmo Hills Boulevard has grown as a new business center of the city. This area has now grown as one of the most rapidly growing commercial and business centers in East Java, with high-rise buildings. Some of the tallest buildings in Surabaya are located in this area, such as Adhiwangsa Apartment, Waterplace Residence, Puri Matahari, Beverly Park Apartment, The Via & The Vue Apartment, Ciputra World Hotel, Puncak Permai Apartment, and Rich Palace Hotel.[107] [108]
Surabaya has plenty of shopping centers like other major cities of Indonesia, ranging from traditional markets to most modern shopping malls. Outlets of local and international brands have a presence in modern shopping malls. There were about 100 hectares/one million square metres of retail space in Surabaya by the end of 2016.[109] There are many dedicated markets for electronic goods, gadgets and computer hardware.
Some important shopping malls of the city which are Ciputra World Surabaya, City of Tomorrow, Royal Plaza Surabaya, Pakuwon City Mall, Galaxy Mall,Grand City Mall[110], Marvell City, Pakuwon Mall, and Tunjungan Plaza.
Until 2009, the growth of road length in Surabaya was only about 0.01% per year. This is not comparable to the growth of motorized vehicles which reaches around 7–8% annually. Congestion that occurred in Surabaya was triggered by the growth of vehicles that were not proportional to the capacity of the road. To reduce congestion, the city government has built many new roads, including the construction of a frontage road on Ahmad Yani road which is divided into east and west sides of 4 km each. This slow lane is planned to penetrate to the Buduran area, Sidoarjo Regency. In addition, the city government has completed the construction of the Middle East Ring Road (MERR) or Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Boulevard, which is a 10.98 km ring road between the Kenjeran area to Tambak Sumur that connects the Suramadu Bridge and Juanda International Airport; and the 780-meter Suroboyo Bridge that crosses the sea which is now a tourist icon in the Kenjeran Beach area. The city government has also intensified the construction of massive box culverts in Surabaya to reduce congestion while anticipating flooding.
The Surabaya city government is also working on the construction of two new ring roads, namely the 17 km Outer East Ring Road (OERR) between the Kenjeran area to Gunung Anyar which also connects the Suramadu Bridge and Juanda International Airport and the West Outer Ring Road (West Outer Ring Road (WORR) along 26.1 km between the Romokalisari area to Lakarsantri which connects the southern area of Surabaya with Teluk Lamong Harbor Terminal. In addition to building the ring road, the city government has completed the construction of an underpass on Jalan Mayjen Sungkono, and plans to build an underpass and flyover on Jalan Ahmad Yani. The problem of flooding is also a serious threat to city residents. To anticipate the occurrence of flooding, the city government has built many pump houses spread across several points in Surabaya, including Mulyorejo and Jemursari. In addition to pump houses, the city government has also built many parks that are used as sources of water absorption as well as areas for residents to interact, as well as carry out intensive cleaning and maintenance of major rivers in Surabaya. To accommodate the needs of pedestrians and tourists, the Surabaya city government has built bicycle lanes on many protocol roads in Surabaya, as well as pedestrian paths that are almost evenly distributed throughout the Surabaya area.
The highways that are connected to Surabaya are the Surabaya-Gresik segment which connects Surabaya with Gresik and the northern part of East Java, Surabaya-Mojokerto which connects Surabaya with the western part of the province, Surabaya-Gempol which connects Surabaya with the southern part of the province, as well as Waru-Juanda Airport which connects Surabaya with Juanda International Airport. The Surabaya-Gempol section is connected to the Gempol-Pandaan section. The Gempol-Pandaan section is connected to the Gempol-Pasuruan section which connects Surabaya with the Horseshoe (Indonesian: Tapak Kuda) area in East Java and the Pandaan-Malang section which connects Surabaya with Malang, the second largest city in East Java.
The Suramadu Bridge (derived from Surabaya-Madura) connects Surabaya and Madura Island over the Madura Strait. A highway has been proposed to be built from the Suramadu Bridge to Madura International Seaport-City in Pernajuh village, Kocah district, Bangkalan, Madura at the cost of approximately Rp. 60 billion (US$7 billion). This container port was built to ease the burden on Surabaya's overloaded Tanjung Perak Port.[111]
The Eastern Fleet, one of three fleets in the Indonesian Navy, is headquartered in the city's Soerabaja Naval Base. Its maritime heritage is also represented in the form of KRI Pasopati Submarine Monument, a retired Russian Whiskey class submarine.[130] [131]
Transportation in Surabaya is supported by land and sea infrastructure serving local, regional, and international journeys. Air transport is located at Juanda Airport, at Sedati, Sidoarjo. Intracity transport is primarily by motor vehicles, motorcycles and taxis with limited public bus transport available. Recently Surabaya has been declared as one of the cities with the worst congestion in Indonesia, according to a survey[132]
Surabaya is also a transit city between Jakarta and Bali for ground transportation. Another bus route is between Jakarta and the neighboring island of Madura. In 2018, President Joko Widodo inaugurated final segments of the Trans-Java Toll Road, fully connecting Jakarta and Surabaya with expressways.[133]
Surabaya's Juanda International Airport is a passenger and cargo airport which also serves as Surabaya's Navy Airbase, operated by the TNI-AL (Indonesian Navy) and located just outside Surabaya, on the outskirts of Sidoarjo. This airport has served Surabaya for many years and currently has two terminals, with domestic flights served from Terminal 1 and all international flights and Garuda Indonesia's domestic flights serviced from Terminal 2.[134]
See also: Port of Tanjung Perak. Port of Tanjung Perak is the trading port in East Java and is one of the busiest ports in the country.It is the second-largest port of trade, container and passenger traffic in Indonesia after the Port of Tanjung Priok in Jakarta. There is also Teluk Lamong Port Terminal, which is the main buffer terminal of Tanjung Perak Port. The port terminal of Lamong Bay is the first green port in Indonesia and is one of the most sophisticated port terminals in the world where the entire operating system is automated.
Surabaya has three major train stations, being Surabaya Kota (also known as Semut), Surabaya Pasar Turi, and Surabaya Gubeng. The Argo Bromo Anggrek operated by Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) connects Surabaya from Surabaya Pasar Turi Station to Gambir Station in Jakarta. Both economy and executive class trains are served to and from Surabaya.
Commuter trains in the city has 5 separate lines (as of 2021) that connect Surabaya with surrounding regencies. Their services, also operated by KAI, have extended into Lamongan, Mojokerto, Sidoarjo, and Pasuruan.
Surabaya formerly had an approximately 50km (30miles) of tram network, operated by a private company Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschappij. It was opened in 1889 and closed by PJKA (former name of KAI) in 1978. There are plans to reopen the network in the future.
Surabaya will become the final destination for a Whoosh High speed rail initiative which connects Jakarta to Surabaya. The Indonesian government currently have a cooperation contract with the investors, and will begin construction in soon.[135]
See also: Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi Suroboyo.
The main bus terminal is Purabaya Bus Terminal (located in Bungurasih, Waru, Sidoarjo), the other major terminal is Osowilangon in Tambak.[136]
In Surabaya it is served by city buses such Suroboyo Bus, Trans Semanggi Suroboyo, Trans Jatim, shuttle bus service (Wira Wiri Suroboyo), and Share taxis is called Angkot as a means of choice for residents of Surabaya and surrounding cities for their daily activities. Surabaya has a number of terminals in the city, including Joyoboyo Terminal, Bratang Terminal, Jembatan Merah Bus Stop, Ujung Baru Bus Stop, and so on. These terminals are meeting points between city buses and other modes of transportation within the city.
Since 7 April 2018, the Surabaya city government has launched a city bus system named Suroboyo Bus which serves important points throughout the city. The Suroboyo Bus payment system is unique because it uses plastic waste making Surabaya the second city in the world to implement this system in mass transportation after the Beijing subway in 2014. Suroboyo Bus has small stops scattered throughout the city.
Javanese culture in Surabaya has distinctive characteristics compared to other regions, the uniqueness of its characteristics which is more egalitarian and open. Surabaya is known to have several distinctive arts, namely:
In addition to the art above, the call culture of arek or rek (a distinctive call from Surabaya) is also a unique characteristic. There are other distinctive calls as well, namely Cak for men and Ning for women. In an effort to preserve culture, Cak & Ning Surabaya is selected once a year, and the selected finalists are tourism ambassadors and icons of the young generation of the city.[139]
Cak Durasim Festival (FCD) is held annually, which is an art festival to preserve the culture of Surabaya and East Java in general. The Cak Durasim Festival is usually held at Cak Durasim Building.[140] There is also the Surabaya Art Festival (FSS) which raises all kinds of art forms such as theatre, dance, music, literary seminars, painting exhibitions. Event organisers usually aside from art groups in Surabaya also come from outside the city. Also enlivened is the screening of movie screens and T-shirt exhibitions. The Surabaya Art Festival is held once a year in June and is usually held at the Youth Hall.
In addition to Javanese culture, there has also been a mixture of various cultures such as from Madura, the Arab world, India, the Malay world, China and Europe. The Surabaya Cross Culture is an annual art and culture festival that show various cultures outside Indonesia.[141]
See also: Javanese cuisine.
As a metropolitan city, all types of Indonesian cuisine and other international restaurants have a presence.[142] However, as the capital of East Java, cuisines from the rest of the province dominate the culinary culture of the city. East Javanese cuisines include a variety of processed fruits, crispy tempeh, Bakpao telo, Bakso Malang, Rawon, tahu campur lamongan, Cwie noodles, tahu takwa, tahu pong, getuk pisang, pecel madiun, wingko, tape, nasi krawu, otak-otak bandeng, bonggolan, shrimp crackers, shrimp paste or petis, Tempeh Chips, tahu tepo, Nasi lethok, sego tempong, salad soup, pecel rawon, Suwar-suwir, tape proll, gaplek, lodho, goat satay, and pecel tulungagung.[143]
Surabaya is famous for Rawon, Rujak cingur, Semanggi, Lontong Balap, clams satay, mussels, and rice cake.[144]
Surabaya is a barometer and center of association football development in Indonesia. The city has many association football clubs founded in Surabaya, but Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium is the home of Persebaya Surabaya. The first club was founded by the youth of Hoogere Burger School (HBS) John Edgar with the Victoria club in 1895.[149] [150] Others included Scoren Is Ons Doel (SIOD), Sparta, Rapiditas and Thot Heil Onzer Ribben (THOR). These are the pioneers of association football in Surabaya. The clubs then took management under Oost Java Voetbalbond (OJVB) in 1907. Two years later, the OJVB changed to Soerabajasche Voetbalbond (SVB). Starting in 1914, SVB was based on the Nederlandsch Indische Voetbalbond (NIVB), created by Dutch football federation (KNVB). The Surabaya Chinese and native people also founded their association football clubs by ethnicity. Oei Kwie Liem founded Hoa Soerabaja in 1914, while the Bumiputera through R Pamoedji and Paidjo founded the Soerabajasche Indonesische Voetbalbond (SIVB) on 18 June 1927 (now Persebaya), which three years later co-founded the PSSI.[151]
In 1950, the working-class people and office men founded Soerabajasche Kantoor Voetbalbond (SKVB).[152] [153] The association football sector in Indonesia and specifically Surabaya became more developed, and the football association of Indonesia founded a semi-professional competition in 1979, which was named the Main Football League (Galatama). A new team emerged from Surabaya, NIAC Partners and the Salim Group Association. Besides Galatama, PSSI also formed a women's soccer competition called the Women's Football League (Galanita). Surabaya also has a women's soccer team, which was founded in 1977 and named Puteri Puspita. Clubs from Surabaya have also gained attention from the rest of the world. Persebaya has competed against European teams including Lokomotiv Moscow, Sturm Graz, Grasshoppers, Salzburg, Stade de Reims, Ajax Amsterdam, PSV Eindhoven, AC Milan, and lastly, Queens Park Rangers (QPR). Aside from European teams, there are several national teams outside the country competing against Persebaya, including Yugoslavia Olympics, Malaysia, Mozambique, Uruguay, Thailand, South Korea, and the Japanese national team.
NIAC Mitra also competed against Arsenal and won the Aga Khan Gold Cup competition in 1979 in Bangladesh. The achievements of NIAC Mitra in the Galatama competition included three championships in 1980–1982, 1982–1983, and 1987–1988, and finishing as runners-up in 1988–89. However, NIAC Partners officially dissolved and withdrew from the Galatama competition held by PSSI in 1990 because they considered the policies issued by PSSI irrelevant. After being disbanded, the demands of the Surabaya community to revive the NIAC Partners were channelled when the Jawa Pos party weighed in and changed the name of the NIAC Partner to the Surabaya Partner.[154] When the Union competition was merged with Galatama in 1994, the new Persebaya was able to win in 1997 and 2004. Persebaya was listed as the first team capable of winning the Indonesian League twice. Mitra Surabaya was only able to exist until the 1998–1999 season and it was re-established again in another city, Tenggarong and has not used the name of Surabaya again.[155]
Recently, only Persebaya has stable fans and achievements. Persebaya has won the Indonesian Premier Division three times–twice when the division was the first tier and once as the second tier. Fans refer to themselves as Bonek, an abbreviation for Bondo Nekat (which translates as "equipped by bravery"). The city is the home of CLS Knights Indonesia, a basketball club which participated in IBL (Indonesia basketball league) & Asean Basketball League.
Surabaya has a multi-purpose stadium, Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium. The stadium is used mostly for football matches. It is the new home stadium of Persebaya, replacing Gelora 10 November Stadium.[156] It was the venue of a match between Persebaya 1927 against then–English Premier League club Queens Park Rangers, held on 23 July 2012.
Another prevalent sport is badminton. There are numerous schools and clubs in the city that train students of various ages to reach the next level of the Badminton League.[157] Many children start out their career from Surabaya and have made it to the national and sometimes international level.
One of the largest circulating national newspapers in Indonesia, Jawa Pos, is headquartered in Surabaya; alongside its media conglomerate Jawa Pos Group. Major newspapers include Surabaya Pagi and Surya.
Surabaya is served by many radio and television networks. Radio networks affiliates include the public RRI Surabaya, Gen FM Surabaya 103.1 and Prambors FM Surabaya 89.3; as well as local stations Suara Surabaya 100.0, EBS FM and Radio Merdeka 106.7. Local television stations include JTV (both are regional stations serving East Java, which are based in the city), Jawa Pos TV, Surabaya TV and Nahdlatul Ulama-affiliated TV9.
Surabaya has several major universities and institutions, including those with religious or technical specialties (sorted by importance). Which are included Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR), a major public research university in Indonesia based in Surabaya and Banyuwangi,[158] State University of Surabaya (UNESA), a major university educating teachers; also with programs in Economics, Technology, and Law,[159] Petra Christian University, a major Christian private university in Indonesia, with programs in Economics, Technology, Designs, Technical, Literature and Education. Established in 1961, it is the oldest major Christian university in Indonesia.[160] Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya (PENS-PPNS), a major technical public institution located in Surabaya,[161] Hang Tuah University, a university managed by Yayasan Nala, founded by the Indonesian Navy,[162] Bhayangkara University, a university affiliated with the Indonesian Police Department of East Java,[163] State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel (UINSA), a public university for Islamic studies,[164] University of Surabaya, a private university teaching Pharmacy and Psychology, established in 1968,[165] Wijaya Putra University a public University established in 1984,[166] Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya, a university which is the oldest private faculty of medicine in eastern Indonesia. Established in 1981, the Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1986,[167] Widya Mandala Catholic University, a Catholic private university in Surabaya with facilities for Healthcare Studies at a newly opened third campus in the eastern part of the city. Widya Mandala Catholic University one of the Catholic oldest private universities in Surabaya which was established in 1960.[168]
International schools include Surabaya Intercultural School, Surabaya Japanese School (スラバヤ日本人学校), Surabaya Taipei International School (印尼泗水臺灣學校), Surabaya European School, Merlion School, Ciputra School, Spins Interactional School.
Surabaya has cooperation between cities throughout the world as well as several state representative offices here, such as the General Consulates and Consulates, considering that this city is ranked second in terms of population and economy. And some of this list are overseas representative offices and city twin towns such are:
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Indonesia. Surabaya is twinned with:
Seattle, United States (1992)[196]
Busan, South Korea (1994)[197]
Kōchi, Japan (1997)[198]
Monterrey, Mexico (2001)[199]
Guangzhou, China (2005)[200] Xiamen, China (2008)[201]
New Delhi, India (2021)
Shah Alam, Malaysia[204]
Kaoshiung, Taiwan[205]
Alexandria, Egypt Johor Bahru, MalaysiaSee main article: category.