| Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Republic | |
| Native Name: | Азәрбајҹан ССР Али Совети Azərbaycan Respublikasının Ali Soveti Верховный Совет Азербайджанской ССР Верховный Совет Азербайджанской Республики |
| Legislature: | Azerbaijan SSR (1938–1991)  Azerbaijan (1991–1995) |
| Coa Caption: | Emblem before (left) and after (right) the dissolution of the Soviet Union |
| House Type: | Supreme Soviet[1] |
| Established: | 24 June 1938 |
| Disbanded: | 12 November 1995 |
| Preceded By: | Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic |
| Succeeded By: | National Assembly |
| Last Election1: | 1990 |
| Leader1 Type: | Chairman |
| Session Res: | 250px |
| Meeting Place: | Building of the Supreme Soviet, Baku |
The Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, later renamed as the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Republic from 1991 until its abolition in 1995, was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Azerbaijan SSR, and later the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 1994, the Supreme Soviet was renamed to the National Assembly and was officially disbanded in 12 November 1995 when a semi-presidential system was implemented.[2]
During the last session of Azerbaijani Parliament on April 27, 1920 under pressure of the Bolshevik Russian 11th Red Army and ultimatum from Caucasian Committee of the Russian Communist Party which invaded Azerbaijan, the deputies decided to disband the government in favour of the Bolsheviks to avoid bloodshed.Once the Bolsheviks took over, they abolished all structures of the Azerbaijani government and established the Azerbaijan Interim Revolutionary Committee administered by Azerbaijani communists Nariman Narimanov, Aliheydar Garayev, Gazanfar Musabekov, Hamid Sultanov and Dadash Bunyadzade. The Bolsheviks dissolved the Azerbaijani Army, executed its generals and officers, and nationalized private industries.
In May 1921, the first All-Azerbaijan Soviet Session made up of newly elected deputies from all regions of Azerbaijan convened in Baku. The elected deputies were mainly drawn from poor, uneducated, unprepared factory workers and villagers which facilitated complete rule from Moscow. The first session established the Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee consisting of 75 members and its board with 13 members. From 1921 through 1937, nine sessions of All-Azerbaijan Soviets were convened.In 1937, during the 9th session of the All-Azerbaijani Soviets a new Azerbaijan SSR Constitution was ratified and the new legislative body the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR was established.
The first elections to Supreme Soviet took place on June 24, 1938. Out of 310 deputies elected, 107 were workers, 88 collective farmers and 115 educated civil servants. Seventy two of the deputies were women. Due to the authoritarian nature of Soviet rule where most new initiatives were met with hostility, the parliament was virtually ineffective.Due to multiple reforms and restructuring in the government of the Azerbaijan SSR in the 1970s–1980s, the role of the Supreme Soviet increased. Many legislative reforms including the ratification of the new Azerbaijan SSR Constitution of 1977 took place. After the demands of the Armenian SSR to transfer the NKAO region of Azerbaijan to Armenia, the parliament was largely passive and indifferent.On October 18, 1991 the Supreme Soviet passed a resolution confirming the restoration of the independence of Azerbaijan.[3]
| Picture | Name | Took office | Left office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet | ||||||
| 1 | Mir Teymur Yagubov (1904–1970) | 18 July 1938 | 7 April 1941 | CPSU | ||
| 2 | Aziz Aliyev(1896–1962) | 7 April 1941 | 6 March 1944 | CPSU | ||
| 3 | Sultan Gafarzade(1908–1955) | 6 March 1944 | 22 March 1947 | CPSU | ||
| 4 | Yusif Yusifov(1906–1995) | 22 March 1947 | 26 March 1951 | CPSU | ||
| 5 | Aghamirza Ahmadov(1905–1964) | 26 March 1951 | 18 April 1953 | CPSU | ||
| 6 | Mustafa Topchubashov (1895–1981) | 18 April 1953 | 25 March 1955 | CPSU | ||
| 7 | Abdulla Bayramov(1912–1977) | 25 March 1955 | 23 January 1958 | CPSU | ||
| 8 | Mirza Ibrahimov(1911–1993) | 23 January 1958 | 25 March 1959 | CPSU | ||
| 9 | Gazanfar Jafarli(1920–?) | 25 March 1959 | 26 November 1959 | CPSU | ||
| 10 | Ali Taghizade(1883–1966) | 26 November 1959 | 29 March 1963 | CPSU | ||
| 11 | Mammad Dadashzade(1904–1975) | 29 March 1963 | 5 April 1967 | CPSU | ||
| 12 | Mustafa Topchubashov(1895–1981) | 5 April 1967 | 1 July 1971 | CPSU | ||
| 13 | Suleyman Rustamzade(1906–1989) | 1 July 1971 | 10 June 1989 | CPSU | ||
| 14 | Elmira Gafarova(1934–1993) | 18 May 1990 | 5 March 1992 | CPSU | ||
| 15 | Yagub Mammadov(born 1941) | 5 March 1992 | 18 May 1992 | None | ||
| 16 | Isa Gambar(born 1957) | 18 May 1992 | 15 June 1993 | Musavat | ||
| 17 | Heydar Aliyev(1923–2003) | 15 June 1993 | 5 November 1993 | New Azerbaijan Party | ||
| 18 | Rasul Guliyev(born 1947) | 5 November 1993 | 12 November 1995 | None | ||