Superman (franchise) explained
The American comic book character Superman, created in 1938, has appeared in many types of media since the 1940s. Superman has appeared in radio, television, movies, and video games each on multiple occasions, and his name, symbol, and image have appeared on products and merchandise.
Portrayals
Among the actors who have played Superman / Superboy (and/or his alter ego, Clark Kent) are:
Portrayed by
Voice only
Radio and audio
- 1940s: The Adventures of Superman – radio series starring Bud Collyer and Joan Alexander
- 1966: The Adventures of Superman – vinyl LP featuring Bob Holiday as Superman
- 1970s–1980s: various Superman-related vinyl albums from Peter Pan Records
- 1993: Superman Lives! – BBC Radio Light Entertainment, BBC Radio 5; Superman is voiced by Stuart Milligan
- 1995: DC Comics Super Heroes – Attack of the Elementals – audio drama featuring the Justice League; Superman is voiced by David Earl Waterman
- 2008: The Never-Ending Battle – Graphic Audio; Superman voiced by James Konicek
Film
See main article: Superman in film.
Animated film
Fleischer Studios/Famous Studios' Superman theatrical cartoon – series of 17 shorts initially starring Bud Collyer.
- 1945: She-Sick Sailors (cameo) – as comic book. Olive Oyl's seen reading the Superman comics. The rest of this Popeye short is then a parody of Superman.
- 1992: – direct-to-video, featuring Jonathan Winters as Superman.
- 1999: The Iron Giant (cameo) – as comic book.
- 2006: – direct-to-video film utilizing character designs from Superman: The Animated Series; starring Tim Daly.
- 2007: – direct-to-video film featuring Adam Baldwin as Superman.
- 2008: – direct-to-video film featuring Kyle MacLachlan as Superman.
- 2009: – direct-to-video film with Tim Daly reprising his role from various DC media.
- 2010: – direct-to-video film, Superman is voiced by Mark Harmon.
- 2010: – direct-to-video film, Tim Daly reprises his role as Superman once again.
- 2010: – direct-to-video short featuring George Newbern as Superman.
- 2011: All-Star Superman – direct-to-video film featuring James Denton as Superman.
- 2012: – direct-to-video film featuring Tim Daly as Superman.
- 2012: Superman vs. The Elite – direct-to-video film featuring George Newbern as Superman.
- 2013: Batman: The Dark Knight Returns – direct-to-video two-part adaption of the graphic novel featuring Mark Valley as Superman only in the second part.
- 2013: – direct-to-video film featuring Matt Bomer as Superman.
- 2013: – direct-to-video film featuring Travis Willingham as Superman.
- 2013: – direct-to-video film featuring Tim Daly's son, Sam Daly, as Superman.
- 2013: Superman 75th Anniversary – animated short by Zack Snyder and Bruce Timm created as a celebration of 75 years of the character, later reused for the character's 80th anniversary.
- 2014: The Lego Movie – Animated film featuring Channing Tatum as Superman.
- 2014: – direct-to-video film featuring Peter Jessop as Superman.
- 2014: – direct-to-video film featuring Alan Tudyk as Superman.
- 2014: – TV special featuring Nolan North as Superman.
- 2015: – direct-to-video film featuring Jerry O'Connell as Superman.
- 2015: – direct-to-video film featuring Nolan North as Superman.
- 2015: – direct-to-video film featuring a reimagined version of Superman voiced by Benjamin Bratt.
- 2015: – direct-to-video film with Nolan North reprising his role as Superman.
- 2016: – direct-to-video film with Nolan North reprising his role.
- 2016: Justice League vs. Teen Titans – direct-to-video film with Jerry O'Connell reprising his role.[1]
- 2017: Justice League Dark – direct-to-video film with Jerry O'Connell reprising his role.[2] [3]
- 2017: The Lego Batman Movie – animated film featuring Superman with Channing Tatum reprising his role.
- 2017: DC Super Heroes vs. Eagle Talon – animated film featuring Kenichi Suzumura as the voice of Superman.[4]
- 2018: The Death of Superman – direct-to-video film featuring Jerry O'Connell as Superman.
- 2018: Teen Titans Go! To the Movies – animated film featuring Nicolas Cage as the voice of Superman.
- 2019: Reign of the Supermen – direct-to-video film featuring Jerry O'Connell as Superman.
- 2019: – animated film featuring Superman with Channing Tatum reprising his role.
- 2019: Justice League vs. the Fatal Five – animated film featuring George Newbern as Superman.
- 2019: Batman: Hush – direct-to-video film featuring Jerry O'Connell as Superman.
- 2020: Superman: Red Son – direct-to-video film featuring Jason Isaacs as Superman.
- 2020: – direct-to-video film featuring Jerry O'Connell as Superman.
- 2020: – animated film featuring Darren Criss as the voice of Superman.
- 2020: – direct-to-video interactive film featuring Superman with Nolan North reprising his role.
- 2021: – direct-to-video film featuring Superman with Darren Criss reprising his role.
- 2021: – non-speaking animated appearance.
- 2021: Injustice – direct-to-video film featuring Justin Hartley as Superman.
- 2022: DC League of Super-Pets – animated film featuring John Krasinski as the voice of Superman.
- 2022: – direct-to-video film featuring Superman with Travis Willingham reprising his role.
- 2023: Scooby-Doo! and Krypto, Too! – direct-to-video crossover film, where Superman is again voiced by Nolan North.[5] Additionally, the Legion of Super Heroes (2006) incarnation of the character makes a non-speaking cameo appearance.[6]
- 2024: , voiced by Darren Criss.[7]
Live-action film
- 1948: Superman – a 15-chapter serial starring Kirk Alyn and Noel Neill.
- 1950: Atom Man vs. Superman – a 15-chapter serial starring Alyn, Neill, and Lyle Talbot.
- 1951: Superman and the Mole Men – feature film, starring George Reeves and Phyllis Coates.
- 1954: Stamp Day for Superman – short film featuring George Reeves and Noel Neill promoting Stamp Day for the U.S. Treasury.
- 1978: Superman – directed by Richard Donner and starring Christopher Reeve, Marlon Brando, Gene Hackman, Margot Kidder, Ned Beatty, and Valerie Perrine.
- 1979: The Return of Superman (also known as "Turkish Superman") is an adaptation of Superman from Turkey.[8]
- 1980: Superman II – directed by Richard Lester and starring Christopher Reeve, Gene Hackman, Margot Kidder, and Terence Stamp.
- 1983: Superman III – directed by Richard Lester and starring Christopher Reeve, Richard Pryor, Annette O'Toole, and Robert Vaughn.
- 1984: Supergirl – spin-off directed by Jeannot Szwarc and starring Helen Slater, Faye Dunaway, and Marc McClure (reprising his role of Jimmy Olsen from the Reeve features). Superman is seen on a poster.
- 1987: – directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Christopher Reeve, Gene Hackman, Margot Kidder, Jon Cryer, and Mariel Hemingway.
- 2006: Superman Returns – directed by Bryan Singer and starring Brandon Routh, Kate Bosworth, Kevin Spacey, and James Marsden.
- 2006: – New edit of Superman II, featuring around 80% new footage originally shot by director Richard Donner, including material featuring Marlon Brando.
- 2013: Man of Steel – directed by Zack Snyder and starring Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Russell Crowe, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, and Michael Shannon.
- 2016: – directed by Zack Snyder, the film is a sequel to Man of Steel featuring the first meeting between Superman (Henry Cavill) and Batman (Ben Affleck). Also starring Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot.
- 2017: Justice League – directed by Zack Snyder, this film is a follow-up to Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. Cavill reprised his role as Superman. Also starring Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller, and Ray Fisher.
- 2019: Shazam! – directed by David F. Sandberg, the film features Superman in a cameo at the end; he was portrayed in a brief role by stunt double Ryan Hadley.[9]
- 2021: Zack Snyder's Justice League – Director's cut of Justice League, directed by Zack Snyder and starring Henry Cavill as Superman.
- 2022: Black Adam – directed by Jaume Collet-Serra, the film features Superman in a cameo at the end; Henry Cavill reprised his role as Superman for the last time.[10]
- 2023: The Flash – The DC Extended Universe version of Superman appears in The Flash, where he can be seen attempting to contain the spread of an active volcano in a news report segment which was played on a television inside a cafe during the film's opening sequence. He also later appeared alongside the other members of the Justice League during the time travel Chronobowl sequence.
- 2025: Superman – directed by James Gunn, the film features David Corenswet in the lead role as Superman
Canceled Superman live-action films
Television
Live-action
Adventures of Superman
See main article: Adventures of Superman (TV series). The series premiered September 19, 1952 in black & white on the television network Syndication and ended April 28, 1958. George Reeves portrays Clark Kent / Superman with Jack Larson as Jimmy Olsen, John Hamilton as Perry White, and Robert Shayne as Inspector Henderson.
Superboy
See main article: Superboy (TV series). The series premiered October 8, 1988 on the television network Syndication and ended on May 17, 1992. John Haymes Newton, and later Gerard Christopher, portrays Clark Kent / Superboy with Stacy Haiduk as Lana Lang, Jim Calvert as T.J. White, Scott James Wells as Lex Luthor, Stuart Whitman and Salome Jens as Jonathan and Martha Kent.
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
The series premiered September 12, 1993 on ABC and ended June 14, 1997. Dean Cain stars as Clark Kent / Superman alongside Teri Hatcher as Lois Lane.
Smallville
See main article: Smallville.
See main article: Clark Kent (Smallville). The series premiered October 16, 2001 on The WB and ended May 13, 2011. Tom Welling stars as Clark Kent and depicts the early days of Superman as Clark, before becoming the Man of Steel.
Supergirl
See main article: Supergirl (TV series).
The series premiered October 26, 2015 on The CW and ended November 9, 2021. Tyler Hoechlin guest stars as Clark Kent / Superman alongside Bitsie Tulloch as Lois Lane.They later appeared in annual Arrowverse crossovers such as Elseworlds and Crisis on Infinite Earths.
Krypton
See main article: Krypton (TV series). The series premiered March 21, 2018 on Syfy and ended August 14, 2019. It primarily focuses on Superman's grandfather.
Superman & Lois
The series premiered February 23, 2021 on The CW. Clark Kent / Superman and Lois Lane are the main characters in television series set in the Arrowverse, with Hoechlin and Tulloch reprising their roles.
Peacemaker
See main article: Peacemaker (TV series).
See main article: Clark Kent (DC Extended Universe). Superman made an appearance in the Peacemaker season finale episode "It's Cow or Never" portrayed by a stand-in.
Untitled Superman series
In July 2021, it was reported that Michael B. Jordan is developing, producing and starring as Val-Zod in a limited series for HBO Max.[12] [13]
Animated television
DC Animated Universe
Superman appears in various series set in the DC Animated Universe:
- Superman first appears in his eponymous series, voiced by Tim Daly as an adult, Jason Marsden as a teenager, and Jesse Batten as an infant. His reputation becomes jeopardized in the two-part finale "Legacy", where he attacks Earth under Darkseid's mind control, losing the trust of many, including Professor Hamilton who begins working against him from then on by joining Project Cadmus.
- Superman next appears in the Batman Beyond two-parter "The Call", voiced by Christopher McDonald. He is first shown disguised as a bystander that is taken hostage by Inque, but he quickly reveals himself and takes her out. He then shows up at the Batcave to recruit Terry McGinnis, Bruce's successor, into the Justice League, apparently to help him find a traitor within the League. Bruce and Terry both discover the traitor to be Superman himself, and Bruce gives Terry a piece of kryptonite to stop him, having kept it in his possession ever since the events of "Legacy". However, it is then discovered that Superman had been under the control of a starfish-like alien (Starro), whom he had previously taken from the Preserver's captivity alongside many other endling aliens as depicted in the Superman: The Animated Series two-part episode "The Main Man". Terry frees Superman, and the two help the rest of the league send Starro back to its homeworld. He then offers Terry membership in the League only for him to turn it down.
- Superman next appears in Justice League. Due to being under contract to star in The Fugitive, Tim Daly was replaced by George Newbern, who would go on to voice the character in Justice League Unlimited and Static Shock. In the series, Superman, having regained some of the trust he lost after the events of "Legacy", forms a superhero team to protect the Earth from threats too big for one hero to handle. Superman is portrayed as physically older and somewhat weaker than his previous appearances during the first season of the show; these changes are reverted during the second season.
- Superman guest stars in the Static Shock episode "Toys in the Hood", where he visits Dakota and helps Static battle against Toyman, whom he had been tracking down. In this series, Superman is given full eyes with blue irises, compared to his other appearances within the DCAU.
- In Justice League Unlimited, Superman struggles with his fear of becoming a threat to humanity, but ultimately prevails and reestablishes the Justice League as the world's premier superhero team.
My Adventures with Superman
See main article: My Adventures with Superman. Superman appears in My Adventures with Superman, voiced by Jack Quaid, with Kari Wahlgren voicing him as a child.[14] The series follows him alongside a fearless, whip smart Lois Lane who are navigating the small tasks of both becoming adults and trying to save the world.[15] [16] The series premiered on July 6, 2023 on Adult Swim, with an encore run following on its Toonami programming block.[17] [18] [19] Additionally, the versions of Superman from Earth-17 (Overman), the Fleischer cartoons, DC Animated Universe, and Justice Lords universe make non-speaking cameo appearances in the episode "Kiss Kiss Fall in Portal".
Canceled Superman animated series
- In June 2006, during an interview about , writer Duane Capizzi mentioned a Superman series set in the same universe of The Batman, a possibility supported by Superman's revealed existence during the show's fifth season.[20] Despite this, the expansion was never realized, and Capizzi never again mentioned the spin-off.
- At one point, an untitled Superman animated project was in conceptual stage, with designs by James Tucker.[21]
- There were plans to make an animated series featuring Superman and Batman. It would have been an origin story.[22]
- Animator Genndy Tartakovsky was developing a Superman short for DC Nation back in 2013, but the block's cancellation in the following year resulted in this animated project getting cut. Early design work on the short was completed.
- In May 2018, Vinton Heuck and Sean Galloway pitched a Superman Family animated series to Warner Bros. Animation but the pitch was rejected in favor of the Harley Quinn animated series. The characters would have included Kong Kenan, Jon Kent, Damian Wayne, Mr. Mzyzptlk and Natasha Irons/Steel, among others.[23]
Video games
See main article: List of Superman video games.
- 1978: Superman by Atari for the Atari 2600
- 1984: Superman III for the Atari 8-bit computers (unreleased)
- 1985: by First Star Software for the Commodore 64
- 1987: Superman by Kemco for the Nintendo Entertainment System
- 1988: Superman: Man of Steel by Tynesoft for the Commodore 64
- 1988: Superman by Taito; Arcade game
- 1992: Superman: The Man of Steel by Virgin Interactive for the Master System
- 1992: Superman by Sunsoft for the Genesis
- 1994/1995: The Death and Return of Superman by Sunsoft for the Super NES and Genesis
- 1995: Justice League Task Force by Acclaim for the Super NES and Genesis
- 1998: Superman by Titus for the Game Boy
- 1999: Superman by Titus for the Nintendo 64
- 1999: The Multipath Adventures of Superman: Menace of Metallo by Brilliant Digital for PC (Windows 95/98)
- 2002: Superman: The Man of Steel by Infogrames/Atari for the Xbox
- 2002: by Midway for the Game Boy Advance; Superman is a playable character
- 2002/2003: by Infogrames/Atari for the PlayStation 2 and GameCube
- 2003: by Infogrames/Atari for the Game Boy Advance
- 2003: by Midway for the Game Boy Advance; Superman is a playable character
- 2005: Justice League TV Games unit by Jakks Pacific; Superman is playable in some games, non–playable in others
- 2006: Superman: The Greatest Hero by VTech for the V.Smile system
- 2006: Superman TV Games unit by Jakks Pacific (five different games)
- 2006: Justice League Heroes by Eidos for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and PlayStation Portable; Superman is a playable character, and is voiced by Crispin Freeman
- 2006: Superman Returns by Electronic Arts for the PlayStation 2, Xbox & Xbox 360 featuring voices from the cast of the film
- 2006: Superman Returns by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS
- 2006: by Electronic Arts for the Game Boy Advance
- 2008: Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe by Midway for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360
- 2011: DC Universe Online by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows
- 2012: by Traveller's Tales for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360
- 2013: by NetherRealm Studios for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii U, Windows, PlayStation Vita, and PlayStation 4
- 2013/2014: by 5th Cell for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS
- 2013: by Freedom Factory Studios for the Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows
- 2014: The Lego Movie Videogame by Traveller's Tales for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360
- 2014: by Traveller's Tales for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360
- 2015: Lego Dimensions by Traveller's Tales for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Wii U, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360
- 2017: Injustice 2 by NetherRealm Studios for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One
- 2018: DC Unchained by FourThirtyThree for Android
- 2018: Lego DC Super-Villains by Traveller's Tales for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, and Microsoft Windows.
- 2022: MultiVersus by Player First Games for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One; Superman is a playable character, and is reprised by George Newbern from various DC media.
- 2023: by Outright Games for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S and Nintendo Switch; Superman is a playable character, and is reprised by Nolan North from various DC media.
Theatre and live performances
Literature and printed media
Newspaper
See main article: Superman (comic strip).
Superman was a daily newspaper comic strip which began on January 16, 1939, and a separate Sunday strip was added on November 5, 1939. These strips ran continuously until May 1966. In 1941, the McClure Syndicate had placed the strip in hundreds of newspapers. At its peak, the strip, featuring Superman, was in over 300 daily newspapers and 90 Sunday papers, with a readership of over 20 million.
Attractions and theme park rides
- , roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain.
- , roller coaster at Six Flags Over Georgia, Six Flags Great Adventure, and Six Flags Great America.
- Superman: Ultimate Flight, roller coaster at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
- Superman – Ride of Steel, roller coaster at Six Flags America.
- , roller coaster at Six Flags Fiesta Texas.
- Superman el Último Escape, roller coaster at Six Flags México.
- Superman la Atracción de Acero, roller coaster at Parque Warner Madrid
- Superman Escape, roller coaster at Warner Bros. Movie World.
- tower ride at Six Flags Over Texas and Six Flags St. Louis.
Art
Parodies
- The cartoon Underdog in which Shoeshine Boy becomes "Underdog" with the help of an energy pill.
- The cartoon series Groovy Goolies featured dimwitted Frankie as "Super Ghoul".
- Walt Disney's Goofy did a parody of Superman with the help of "super goobers" in which Goofy became "Super Goof" clothed in red underwear with "SG" and a blue cape and endowed with super ears, super sight, super strength, super voice and super flying. Goofy's crime fighting always interrupted his date with Clarabelle Cow.[28]
- Warner Brothers' Daffy Duck did a parody of Superman as Stupor Duck.
- The 2019 superhero horror film Brightburn is a dark deconstruction of the Superman character.
- Superman's image was used in an AIDS awareness campaign by French organization AIDES. Superman was depicted as emaciated and breathing from an oxygen tank, demonstrating that no-one is beyond the reach of the disease, and it can destroy the lives of everyone.[29]
Merchandising
- Sunnyland Refining Co., in 1981, marketed jars of creamy and crunchy peanut butter using the familiar image of Superman. In the 50th anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great, it was noted that this was DC's first licensing deal for a brand of food. Soon he had his own hot cocoa mix in 1983.[30]
- A Superman pinball machine was produced by Atari in 1979.[31]
- Superman is part of the DC Deckbuilding Game by Cryptozoic Entertainment.
Recurring cast
Many live-action actors have made appearances across multiple works in the franchise. V indicates a voice-only role.
References
Notes and References
- Web site: Roll Call: Meet the Cast of Justice League vs. Teen Titans. TVInsider.com. Rich. Sands. January 18, 2016. January 18, 2016.
- News: Justice League Dark Featurette Reveals Matt Ryan Returns as Constantine!. Superhero Hype. Perry. Spencer. July 26, 2016.
- Web site: JUSTICE LEAGUE DARK: TRAILER DEBUT FOR R-RATED DC ANIMATED MOVIE. Vejvoda. Jim. November 15, 2016.
- Web site: サイト名. dc-taka.com. ja. April 4, 2018. April 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202000/http://dc-taka.com/character/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3/. dead.
- Web site: Lovell . Kevin . July 27, 2023 . 'Scooby-Doo! And Krypto, Too!' Trailer, Artwork & Release Details; Arrives On Digital & DVD September 26, 2023 From Warner Bros . July 27, 2023 . screen-connections.com . en-US.
- Web site: September 6, 2022 . soranatus - Looks like in 2021 Digital eMation was working on a Scooby-Doo Meets Krypto DTV... . March 10, 2024 . Tumblr . en-US.
- Web site: Harvey . James . 2023-11-22 . "Justice League: Crisis On Infinite Earths" Trilogy Teaser Trailer Released . 2023-11-25 . The World's Finest . en-US.
- Web site: Brandon Tenold: Turkish Superman. +Brandon_Tenold. Channel Awesome.
- Web site: SHAZAM! Director Talks Sequel Plans, DCEU Connections (SPOILERS). George. Marston. newsarama.com. April 5, 2019. April 7, 2019. en.
- Web site: Henry Cavill on Not Returning as Superman: "This News Isn't the Easiest". Ryan. Gajewski. . December 14, 2022. en.
- Web site: Superman: Warner Bros pitching to directors for live action Red Son movie. Den of Geek. 9 March 2019.
- Web site: Sneider. Jeff. May 19, 2021. Exclusive: Michael B. Jordan Developing His Own Black Superman Project for HBO Max. July 23, 2021. Collider.
- 1418659642779996161. Collider. Update: Sources have since reached out to clarify that @MichaelB4Jordan's Black Superman project about Val-Zod is,… . 23 July 2021.
- Web site: Wahlgren . Kari . July 6, 2023 . Sneak peek! ♂️ I play Ma Kent and Young Clark in the new "My Adventures with Superman" series. Looking forward to the premiere! . July 7, 2023 . www.instagram.com.
- News: MY ADVENTURES WITH SUPERMAN: Family-Friendly Animated Series Flies To HBO Max And Cartoon Network . May 20, 2021.
- Web site: Hibberd. James. May 19, 2021. Batman Animated Series from J.J. Abrams and Matt Reeves Coming to HBO Max. May 19, 2021. The Hollywood Reporter.
- Web site: 2023-03-29 . Official Trailer Released for Genndy Tartakovsky's Newest Animated Series, "Unicorn: Warriors Eternal" . 2023-03-29 . Warner Bros. Discovery . en.
- Web site: Mitovich. Matt Webb. My Adventures With Superman Eyes Summer Release Date — Watch Teaser Trailer for Animated Series. TVLine. April 6, 2023. April 6, 2023.
- Web site: Mitovich. Matt Webb. My Adventures With Superman Gets Adult Swim and Max Release Dates. TVLine. June 5, 2023. June 5, 2023.
- Web site: The World's Finest – Superman: The Animated Series. dcanimated.com. 2018-12-15.
- Web site: The DC Animation Resource. The World's Finest.
- Web site: EXCLUSIVE – SUPERMAN/BATMAN: Series That Could Have Been. Voices From Krypton. July 11, 2013. May 19, 2018.
- Web site: Creator Talks About His Never-Made "Superman Family" Animated Series. Superman Homepage. April 23, 2019. 23 April 2019.
- Web site: Superman Day! – 1940 . Superman Through the Ages . 2010-09-13.
- http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/david_herbert.htm "David Herbert:Biography"
- Velasco, David. "Miami vices", Artforum, 8 December 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- http://www.denhaagsculptuur.com/2008uk/freedom%20images.html "The Hague Sculpture"
- Walt Disney Comics Digest #23, July 1970, "The Printing Park"
- Book: DiPaolo, Marc . War, Politics and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda In Comics and Film . 2011 . . 978-0-7864-8579-6 . 14.
- Marx, Barry. Cavalieri, Joey and Hill, Thomas. Petruccio, Steven . Marx, Barry. Superman Peanut Butter Brand Licensing Pioneered. Fifty Who Made DC Great. 1985. DC Comics. 52.
- Web site: The Internet Pinball Machine Database . Ipdb.org . 2011-03-12.
