Super Sentai Explained

Super Sentai
Creator:Shotaro Ishinomori
Origin:Himitsu Sentai Gorenger
Owner:Toei Company
Years:1975–present
Tv:See below
Games:Rangers Strike
Vgs:
Music:Project.R
Toys:S.H. Figuarts
Soul of Chogokin
Super Robot Chogokin

The is a Japanese superhero team metaseries and media franchise consisting of television series and films produced by Toei Company and Bandai, and aired by TV Asahi. The shows are of the tokusatsu genre, featuring live action characters and colorful special effects, and are aimed at children. Super Sentai airs alongside the Kamen Rider series in the Super Hero Time programming block on Sunday mornings. In North America, the Super Sentai series is best known as the source material for the Power Rangers series.[1]

Series overview

In every Super Sentai series, the protagonists are a team of people who – using wrist-worn or hand-held devices – transform into superheroes and gain superpowers – color-coded uniforms, signature weapons, sidearms, and fighting skills – to battle a group of otherworldly supervillains that threaten to take over the Earth. In a typical episode, the heroes thwart the enemies' plans and defeat an army of enemy soldiers and the monster of the week before an enlarged version of the monster confronts them, only to be defeated again when the heroes fight it with their mecha. Each Sentai series is set in its own unique fictional universe; various TV, video, and film specials feature a team-up among two or more teams.

The first two Super Sentai series were created by Shotaro Ishinomori, then known for the 1971–1973 Kamen Rider TV series and the long-running manga Cyborg 009. He developed Himitsu Sentai Gorenger, which ran from 1975 to 1977, and J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai, released in 1977. Toei Company put the franchise on hiatus in 1978, collaborating with Marvel Comics to produce a live-action Spider-Man series, which added giant robots to the concept of tokusatsu shows. The giant robot concept was carried over to Toei and Marvel's next show, Battle Fever J, released in 1979, and was then used throughout the Super Sentai series. The next two series Denshi Sentai Denjiman and Taiyo Sentai Sun Vulcan had Marvel Comics copyrights and co-productions, despite no influence. Subsequently, the remainder of the series has been solely produced by Toei Company.

Productions

Main series

The following is a list of the Super Sentai series and their years of broadcast:

1st Generation (Shōwa Era)

No.TitleEpisodesOriginally airedNotes
First airedLast aired
1Himitsu Sentai Gorenger845 April 197526 March 1977
  • First Shōwa era series; first series in the franchise
  • First series to debut Red, Blue, Yellow, Green, and Pink Rangers
  • Longest-running Super Sentai series
  • First series where a core member of the team dies
  • Also known as Power Rangers FiveRangers in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
2J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai359 April 197724 December 1977
  • First series to have a leader change
  • First series to debut a White Ranger
  • Last series to be produced by Shotaro Ishinomori
  • Shortest-running Super Sentai series
  • First series to have a crossover with the previous series
  • Also known as Power Rangers J.A.K.Q. in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
3Battle Fever J523 February 197926 January 1980
  • First series co-produced with Marvel Comics
  • First series to debut a Black and Orange Ranger
  • First series to debut a giant robot
  • Also known as Power Rangers Battle Fever J in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
4Denshi Sentai Denjiman512 February 198031 January 1981
  • Second series co-produced by Marvel Comics and possess a Marvel Copyright, despite no influence.
  • First series to debut a transforming robot
  • Also known as Power Rangers Power Man in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
5Taiyo Sentai Sun Vulcan507 February 198130 January 1982
  • Last series co-produced by Marvel Comics and possess a Marvel Copyright, despite no influence.
  • First series to serve as a direct sequel to the preceding series
  • First and only series to have an all-male team
  • First series to debut an animal motif
  • First to have fewer than five members in the core team
  • First series to debut a combining robot combined from two vehicles.
  • Marvel Comics failed to pitch an adaptation similar in concept to what would become the Power Rangers franchise
  • Failed Marvel adaptation pitch had involvement by Stan Lee and Margaret Loesch
  • Also known as Power Rangers Sun Vulcan in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
6Dai Sentai Goggle-V506 February 198220 January 1983
  • First season to air along with the Metal Hero franchise.
  • First series to introduce a three-piece robot.
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Earth Task Force Goggle V before being renamed Power Rangers Goggle V in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
7Kagaku Sentai Dynaman515 February 198328 January 1984
  • First Sentai team to have spandex suits
  • An American parody dub of the first six episodes titled Dynaman was a recurring segment of USA Network's Night Flight and Nickelodeon's Special Delivery
  • Also known as Power Rangers Dynaman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
8Choudenshi Bioman514 February 198426 January 1985
  • First series to have two female characters on the main team
  • First series to debut a female Yellow Ranger
  • Last series to have a mid-series cast change
  • First series to feature a sixth ranger/extra hero
  • Saban's first, failed attempt to pitch an adaptation for the Power Rangers franchise
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Space Commando Bioman before it was renamed Power Rangers Bioman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
9Dengeki Sentai Changeman552 February 198522 February 1986
  • First series to debut a female White Ranger
  • First series to debut a mythological creature motif.
  • Last series to have one giant robot in the season.
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Lightning Squadron Changeman before it was renamed Power Rangers Changeman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
10Choushinsei Flashman501 March 198621 February 1987
  • First series to debut a secondary robot
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Earth Protector Flashman before it was renamed Power Rangers Flashman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
11Hikari Sentai Maskman5128 February 198720 February 1988
  • First series to debut a five-piece individual mecha piloted by every Ranger
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Warriors of Light: Maskman before it was renamed Power Rangers Maskman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
12Choujyu Sentai Liveman4927 February 198818 February 1989
  • First series to start with three members, with additional members joining mid-series
  • First series to debut a female Blue Ranger
  • First series to debut animal-based mecha
  • First series to debut a combined super robot
  • Originally designated as the 10th anniversary series before Gorenger and JAKQ were officially incorporated into the franchise.
  • Last Shōwa era series
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Liveman: Warriors of Peace before it was renamed Power Rangers Liveman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger

2nd Generation (Heisei Era)

No.TitleEpisodesOriginally airedPower Rangers adaptationKorean Power Rangers titleNotes
First airedLast aired
13Kousoku Sentai Turboranger50 + 1 sp.4 March 198923 February 1990
  • First Heisei era series
  • First series to debut a mystical power source.
  • TV special was aired on 25 February 1989
  • Initially dubbed in South Korea as Turboranger before it was renamed Power Rangers Turboranger in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
14Chikyu Sentai Fiveman482 March 19908 February 1991
  • First all-sibling Sentai team
  • Also known as Power Rangers Fiveman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
15Chōjin Sentai Jetman5115 February 199114 February 1992
  • First series to debut a bird motif
  • First series to debut a female mentor
  • First series to have a third robot
  • Last series where a member of the core team dies
  • Also known as Power Rangers Jetman in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
16Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger5021 February 199212 February 1993Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Season 1)

  • First series to debut a dinosaur motif
  • First series to debut a regular sixth Ranger
  • First series to debut a sentient mecha
  • First series to incorporate fantasy elements.
  • First entry to be adapted into the Power Rangers franchise
  • Saban's pitch for adaptation into the Power Rangers franchise was green lighted by Margaret Loesch
  • American adaptation dubbed in South Korea as The Invincible Power Rangers
  • Also known as Power Rangers Dino Rangers in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger before reverting back to the American adaptation's title in the South Korean dub of Zenkaiger
17Gosei Sentai Dairanger5019 February 199311 February 1994Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Season 2)
  • First series to debut a child Ranger
  • Originally designated as the 15th anniversary series before Gorenger and JAKQ were officially incorporated into the franchise.
  • Also known as Power Rangers Dairanger in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
18Ninja Sentai Kakuranger5318 February 199424 February 1995Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Season 3)
Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers
  • First series to debut a Japanese culture motif
  • First series to debut a female leader.
  • First series to debut a regular extra hero.
  • Also known as Power Rangers Ninja Rangers in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
19Chouriki Sentai Ohranger483 March 199523 February 1996Power Rangers Zeo
  • First team to regularly crossover with the preceding team
  • 20th anniversary series
  • American adaptation dubbed in South Korea as Zeorangers
  • Also known as Power Rangers Ohranger in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger before reverting back to the American adaptation's title in the South Korean dub of Zenkaiger
20Gekisou Sentai Carranger481 March 19967 February 1997
Power Rangers Turbo
  • First series to use an alternate version of the opening theme.
  • Also known as Power Rangers Carranger in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
21Denji Sentai Megaranger5114 February 199715 February 1998Power Rangers in Space
  • Last series with a two-piece main robot
  • First series to debut a Silver Ranger
  • American adaptation dubbed in South Korea as Megarangers
  • Also known as Power Rangers Megaranger in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
22Seijuu Sentai Gingaman5022 February 199814 February 1999Power Rangers Lost Galaxy
  • First season to air after the death of Shotaro Ishinomori.
  • Also known as Power Rangers Galaxy Rangers in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
23Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGoFive5021 February 19996 February 2000Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue
  • First series to debut a Gold Ranger
  • American adaptation dubbed in South Korea as Power Rangers Rescue
  • Also known as Power Rangers GoGoFive in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger before reverting back to the American adaptation's title in the South Korean dub of Zenkaiger
24Mirai Sentai Timeranger50 + 1 sp.13 February 20004 February 2001Power Rangers Time Force
  • First series to debut an alien ranger.
  • First series to debut a Red Sixth Ranger.
  • Team is known as Power Rangers Timeranger in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger before reverting back to the American adaptation's title in the South Korean dub of Zenkaiger
25Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger5118 February 200110 February 2002Power Rangers Wild ForcePower Rangers Jungle Force
  • First series to have a Super Sentai anniversary film.
  • 25th anniversary series
  • American adaptation dubbed in South Korea as Power Force Rangers
  • Series retroactively dubbed in Korean language and aired in South Korea under the Power Rangers title by Daewon Media over Shinkenger.
  • Currently the only series to have both itself and its American adaptation dubbed for South Korea titled as separate shows.
26Ninpu Sentai Hurricanger5117 February 20029 February 2003Power Rangers Ninja Storm
  • First series to debut a Crimson and Navy Ranger
  • First season to debut a 10-year and 20-year anniversary film.
27Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger5016 February 20038 February 2004Power Rangers Dino ThunderPower Rangers Dino Thunder
  • First series to be dubbed in Korean language and aired in South Korea under the Power Rangers title by Tooniverse.
  • First series between the American adaptation and South Korean dub to share the same Power Rangers title, but otherwise not be related.
28Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger5015 February 20046 February 2005Power Rangers S.P.D.Power Rangers S.P.D.
  • First series to introduce a "Hand off" to the next series.
  • Last series to be dubbed in Korean language and aired in South Korea under the Power Rangers title by Tooniverse.
  • Last series between the American adaptation and South Korean dub to share the same Power Rangers title, but otherwise not be related.
29Mahō Sentai Magiranger4913 February 200512 February 2006Power Rangers Mystic ForcePower Rangers Magic Force
  • Last series to be broadcast in standard definition
  • First series to have voiced equipment
  • First series to debut a Purple/Violet Ranger
  • Only series to be dubbed in Korean language and aired in South Korea under the Power Rangers title by JEI Talent TV
30GoGo Sentai Boukenger4919 February 200611 February 2007Power Rangers Operation OverdrivePower Rangers Treasure Force
  • 30th anniversary series
  • First series to be broadcast in high definition
  • First series to be dubbed in Korean language and aired in South Korea under the Power Rangers title by Daewon Media
31Juken Sentai Gekiranger4918 February 200710 February 2008Power Rangers Jungle FuryPower Rangers Wild Spirits
  • First series to debut a regular Purple/Violet Ranger
  • First series to debut a female extra hero
32Engine Sentai Go-onger5017 February 20088 February 2009Power Rangers RPMPower Rangers Engine Force
  • First series to debut two Sixth Rangers
  • First series to debut a female Sixth Ranger
33Samurai Sentai Shinkenger4915 February 20097 February 2010Power Rangers Samurai
Power Rangers Super Samurai
  • First series to debut a female Red Ranger
  • First series to crossover with Kamen Rider
  • Skipped over in South Korea in favor of Gaoranger
  • Also known as Power Rangers Samurai Force in the South Korean dub of Kamen Rider Decade
  • Also known as Power Rangers Blade Force in the South Korean dub of Gokaiger
34Tensou Sentai Goseiger5014 February 20106 February 2011Power Rangers MegaforcePower Rangers Miracle Force
  • First Sentai team to cameo in two preceding Sentai teams' crossover film
  • First series to debut an android Ranger
35Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger5113 February 201119 February 2012Power Rangers Super MegaforcePower Rangers Captain Force
  • 35th anniversary series
  • First series to star a team of aliens from other planets
  • Only post-1979 series with Ishinomori Productions involved
36Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters5026 February 201210 February 2013Power Rangers Beast MorphersPower Rangers Go-Busters
  • First series to be initially skipped over for a Power Rangers adaptation, but was adapted at a later date.
37Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger4817 February 20139 February 2014Power Rangers Dino Charge
Power Rangers Dino Super Charge
Power Rangers Dino Force
38Ressha Sentai ToQger4716 February 201415 February 2015Power Rangers Train Force
39Shuriken Sentai Ninninger4722 February 20157 February 2016Power Rangers Ninja Steel
Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel
Power Rangers Ninja Force
  • First series to debut a female Green Ranger.
40Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger4814 February 20165 February 2017Power Rangers Animal Force
  • 40th anniversary series
  • Some costumes were reused or repurposed for use in the American adaptation Power Rangers Cosmic Fury.
41Uchu Sentai Kyuranger4812 February 20174 February 2018Power Rangers Cosmic FuryPower Rangers Galaxy Force
  • First series to start with more than five Rangers.
  • First series to debut a regular female Green Ranger
  • First series to not have an annual crossover with its predecessor since Dairanger.
  • Second series to be initially skipped over for a Power Rangers adaptation before being adapted at a later date.
  • Last Sentai team to cameo in two preceding Sentai teams' crossover movie.
42Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger5111 February 201810 February 2019Power Rangers Lupin Force vs Patrol Force
  • First series to follow two distinct teams simultaneously
  • Some costumes were reused or repurposed for use in the American adaptations Power Rangers Cosmic Fury.
SPSuper Sentai Strongest Battle4February 17, 2019March 10, 2019
  • Only miniseries in the franchise
43Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger4817 March 20191 March 2020Power Rangers Dino Fury
Power Rangers Cosmic Fury
Power Rangers Dino Soul
  • Marked the franchise's transition between the Heisei and Reiwa eras
  • First series to debut a Brown Ranger
  • Last Heisei era series

3rd Generation (Reiwa Era)

No.TitleEpisodesOriginally airedPower Rangers adaptationKorean Power Rangers titleNotes
First airedLast aired
44Mashin Sentai Kiramager458 March 202028 February 2021
  • First Reiwa era series
  • Also known as Power Rangers Kiramager in the South Korean dub of Zenkaiger
45Kikai Sentai Zenkaiger497 March 202127 February 2022[2] Power Rangers Zenkaiger
  • 45th anniversary series
  • First series to have a past sentai robot motifs rangers
  • First series to have the main protagonist not wear red
46Avataro Sentai Donbrothers506 March 202226 February 2023Power Rangers Donbrothers
  • First season to have CGI rangers
  • First season to debut a regular male Pink Ranger
  • First season to have a member of the team serve as the narrator
47Ohsama Sentai King-Ohger505 March 202325 February 2024 Power Rangers Kingdom Force
  • First season to debut an insect motif
  • First season to a kingdom themed.
  • First season to permanent time skip in mid-season
  • First season to have a gender-neutral ranger
  • First season to have an additional member serve as narrator
  • First season to not set on planet Earth
  • First season to have two 'VS' crossover movies with past sentai teams
48Bakuage Sentai BoonboomgerTBA3 March 20242025

Theatrical releases

V-Cinema releases

Distribution and overseas adaptations

Although the Super Sentai series originated in Japan, various Sentai series have been imported and dubbed in other languages for broadcast in several other countries.

United States

See main article: Power Rangers.

After Honolulu's KIKU-TV had success with Android Kikaider (marketed as Kikaida) and Kamen Rider V3 in the 1970s, multiple Super Sentai series, including Himitsu Sentai Gorenger and Battle Fever J, were brought to the Hawaiian market, broadcast in Japanese with English subtitles by JN Productions. In 1985, Marvel Comics produced a pilot for an American adaptation of Super Sentai, but the show was rejected by the major US TV networks.[3] In 1986, Saban Productions produced a pilot for an American adaptation of Choudenshi Bioman titled Bio Man.[4] [5] In 1987, some episodes of Kagaku Sentai Dynaman were dubbed and aired as a parody on the USA Network television show Night Flight.[6]

In 1993, American production company Saban Entertainment adapted 1992's Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger into Mighty Morphin Power Rangers for the Fox Kids programming block, combining the original Japanese action footage with new footage featuring American actors for the story sequences. Since then, nearly every Super Sentai series that followed became a new season of Power Rangers. In 2002, Saban sold the Power Rangers franchise to Disney's Buena Vista division,[7] who owned it until 2010, broadcasting Power Rangers on ABC Kids, ABC Family, Jetix, and Toon Disney. On 12 May 2010, Saban bought the franchise back from Disney, moving the show to the Nickelodeon network for 2011 with Power Rangers Samurai.[8]

On 25 July 2014, Shout! Factory announced that they would release Zyuranger on DVD in the United States.[9] Since then, Shout! has been the official distributor of Super Sentai DVDs in North America, and as of 2019 has released all subsequent series up to Hurricanger, plus Jetman. After Jetman, a release was announced of the series Fiveman, but was put on hiatus due to Hasbro's acquisition of the Power Rangers franchise. In June 2022, it was announced they would resume production/distribution of Super Sentai DVD sets in North America, beginning with Fiveman.

Beginning in 2016, Super Sentai episodes would be available on demand on ShoutFactoryTV.com. These episodes can only be viewed in North America.[10] Super Sentai episodes are also available to watch on the free streaming service, Tubi.

On 1 May 2018, toy company Hasbro announced they had acquired the Power Rangers franchise from Saban Capital Group for $522 million.[11]

South Korea

Super Sentai has been broadcast in South Korea, dubbed in Korean. The first such series was Choushinsei Flashman which aired as Jigu Bangwidae Flash Man (Earth Defence Squadron Flashman), released in video format in 1989 by the Daeyung Panda video company; this was followed by Hikari Sentai Maskman and Chodenshi Bioman. Throughout the 1990s, Dai Sentai Goggle Five, Dengeki Sentai Changeman, Choujyu Sentai Liveman, and Kousoku Sentai Turboranger were also released in video format. In the 2000s and early 2010s, Tooniverse (formerly Orion Cartoon Network), JEI-TV (Jaeneung Television), Champ TV/Anione TV (Daewon Broadcasting), Cartoon Network South Korea, and Nickelodeon South Korea have broadcast Super Sentai series a year following their original Japanese broadcast, but have changed the titles to "Power Rangers".[12] [13] [14]

Merchandise

, Bandai Namco has sold Super Sentai shape-changing model robots since 1979.[15]

Bandai Namco Super Sentai (Power Rangers) retail sales! Fiscal period! Net sales! Notes!
to December 2005Bandai sales[16]
to March 2007Toy sales[17]
to March 2012[18] [19] [20]
April 2002 to
to March 2013
to March 2014 [21]
to December 2020 [22] [23]
April 2002 to December 2020
Super Sentai licensed merchandise in Japan! Year! Retail sales!
2003[24]
2008[25]
2010[26]
2012[27]
2013[28]
2014[29]
2003 to 2014+ (+)
Power Rangers licensed merchandise! Year(s)! Retail sales!
1993 to 1999$6 billion[30]
2005[31]
2006$131 million
2012$300 million[32]
2013$333 million
2014$326 million[33]
2015$330 million[34]
2016$361 million
2017$548 million[35]
2018$281 million[36]
1993 to 2018+

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: CSR Report 2009 . . 9 February 2021.
  2. Web site: 暴太郎戦隊ドンブラザーズ . . 2022-01-11.
  3. News: Carvell. Tim. McGowan. Joe. Showdown In Toontown Children's Television, Once a Sleepy Business, Is Becoming as Hotly Competitive as the Grownup Variety. Turner, Fox, and Disney Are Trying to Topple Viacom's Nickelodeon—But How's a TV Mogul to Know What Kids Really Want?. 29 May 2010. CNN. Fortune. 28 October 1996. https://web.archive.org/web/20100421040310/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/10/28/203922/index.htm. 21 April 2010.
  4. News: Bates. James. Kidd Stuff : A Crop of New Shows Sprouts From Saban Firm's TV Success. 4 June 2022. Los Angeles Times. 12 August 1986. https://web.archive.org/web/20110504124123/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-12/business/fi-18776_1_haim-saban. 4 May 2011.
  5. News: Bruck. Connie. The Influencer – An entertainment mogul sets his sights on foreign policy.. 23 October 2017. The New Yorker. 10 May 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20170919031157/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/05/10/the-influencer. 19 September 2017.
  6. News: Kotzer . Zack . Life in Anime Hell . 4 June 2022 . . 25 May 2017.
  7. News: News Corp. and Haim Saban Reach Agreement to Sell Fox Family Worldwide to Disney for $5.3 Billion. 4 June 2022 . Saban . 23 July 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090202154922/http://saban.com/html/press/010723.html . 2 February 2009.
  8. Web site: Littleton. Cynthia. Saban re-acquires rights to 'Rangers'. Variety. 12 May 2010. 12 May 2010. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130418121206/http://variety.com/2010/film/news/saban-re-acquires-rights-to-rangers-1118019212/. 18 April 2013.
  9. Last for Brian: And Super Sentai Zyuranger #PowerRangers. ShoutFactory. 492860023639252992. Shout Factory. 24 January 2018. 25 July 2014.
  10. Web site: Super Sentai On Demand . ShoutFactoryTV . 3 June 2022.
  11. Web site: Hipes . Patrick . Hasbro Acquires 'Power Rangers' Brand In $522M Deal . . 4 June 2022 . 1 May 2018.
  12. Web site: 파워레인저. 파워레인저. Wayback Machine. 5 August 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070716032841/http://www.powerranger.co.kr/dino/. 16 July 2007.
  13. Web site: 파워레인저 S.P.D.. 파워레인저 S.P.D.. Wayback Machine. 5 August 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070809090533/http://www.powerranger.co.kr/powerspd/. 9 August 2007.
  14. Web site: 파워레인저 트레인포스. 파워레인저 트레인포스. Wayback Machine. 7 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20150708235314/http://www.powerranger.co.kr/main.train. 8 July 2015.
  15. Book: Fact Book 2021 . 2021 . . 3–6 . 2 October 2021.
  16. Web site: Financial Highlights for the Nine Months ended December 31, 2005 . . 23 February 2006 . 4 . 12 February 2021.
  17. Web site: Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2007. Bandai Namco Holdings. 9 May 2007. 12 February 2021.
  18. Web site: Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2008. Bandai Namco Holdings. 8 May 2008. 12 February 2021.
  19. Web site: Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2011. Bandai Namco Holdings. 10 May 2011. 16 May 2018.
  20. Web site: Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2013. Bandai Namco Holdings. 9 May 2013. 12 February 2021.
  21. Web site: Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 2015. Bandai Namco Holdings. 8 May 2015. 12 February 2021.
  22. Web site: Financial Statements . . 12 February 2021.
  23. Web site: Historical currency converter with official exchange rates (103,300 JPY to USD) . fxtop.com . 31 December 2020 . 12 February 2021.
  24. Book: Market Share in Japan . 2005 . Yano Research Institute . 18 . 9 Combat Force Series 240. 12 February 2021.
  25. News: Japan's Character Products Market in 2008 . 12 February 2021 . . Character Databank (CharaBiz) . 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180908094344/http://www.licensing.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/japan-character-product.doc . 8 September 2018 .
  26. Book: コンテンツ2次利用市場(ライセンス市場)に係る 競争環境及び海外市場動向実態調査 . 2011 . Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) . 22–23 . ja . 12 February 2021 . 13 April 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150413021105/http://www.kanto.meti.go.jp/kankobutu/data/contents_kaigaishijyo_chousa.pdf#page=24 . dead .
  27. 慶應義塾大学学術情報リポジトリ(KOARA) . KeiO Associated Repository of Academic Resources . 2015 . 8–9 . . ja. 12 February 2021.
  28. Book: CharaBiz DATA 2014(13) . 2014 . Character Databank, Ltd. . ja. 12 February 2021.
  29. Book: CharaBiz DATA 2015⑭ . 2015 . Character Databank, Ltd. . ja. 12 February 2021.
  30. Web site: Dollan. Kerry. Beyond Power Rangers. Forbes. 26 November 2001. 12 February 2021.
  31. Book: State of the Toy Industry – Annual 2006 Data . 3 April 2007 . . 55–8 . 18 November 2021.
  32. News: 44 entertainment/character properties reach $100 m in sales of licensed merchandise . The Licensing Letter . . 3 November 2014. 12 February 2021.
  33. News: 42 entertainment character properties reach $100 million in sales of licensed merchandise; "Frozen" debuts at No. 6 . The Licensing Letter . . 1 December 2015. 12 February 2021.
  34. News: Retail Sales of Licensed Merchandise Based on $100 Million+ Entertainment/Character Properties . 12 February 2021 . The Licensing Letter . November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180202013647/http://www.thelicensingletter.com/100mil-chart/ . 2 February 2018.
  35. News: Retail Sales of Licensed Merchandise Based on $100 Million+ Entertainment/Character Properties . 12 February 2021 . The Licensing Letter . 23 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190509194639/http://www.thelicensingletter.com/100mil-chart/ . 2019-05-09.
  36. News: Retail Sales of Licensed Merchandise Based on $100 Million+ Entertainment/Character Properties . 12 February 2021 . The Licensing Letter . 18 November 2019.