Sugarloaf Mountain Explained

Sugarloaf Mountain
Elevation M:	396
Elevation Ft:	1283'
Location:	Rio de Janeiro
Map:	Brazil Rio de Janeiro
Map Size:	250
Label Position:	left

Sugarloaf Mountain (Portuguese: Pão de Açúcar, pronounced as /pt/) is a peak situated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on a peninsula at the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Rising above the harbor,^[1] the peak is named for its resemblance to the traditional shape of concentrated refined loaf sugar. It is known worldwide for its cableway and panoramic views of the city and beyond.

The mountain is one of several monolithic granite and quartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge around Rio de Janeiro.^[2] Geologically, it is considered part of a family of steep-sided rock outcroppings known as bornhardts.^{[3] [4]}

The mountain is protected by the Sugarloaf Mountain and Urca Hill Natural Monument, created in 2006.This became part of a World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 2012.

Origins of the name

The name Sugarloaf was coined in the 16th century by the Portuguese during the heyday of sugarcane trade in Brazil due to sugar imports from the Portuguese conquest of Goa, according to historian Vieira Fazenda. Blocks of sugar were placed in conical molds made of clay to be transported on ships. The form of the peak reminded them of the well-known resulting "sugarloaf" shape, and the nickname has since been extended to be a general descriptor for formations of this kind.^[5]

Cable car

See main article: Sugarloaf Cable Car. A glass-walled cable car (bondinho or, more formally, teleférico), capable of holding 65 people, runs along a route between the peaks of Sugarloaf and Morro da Urca every 20 minutes. The original cable car line was built in 1912 and rebuilt around 1972–73 and in 2008. The cable car goes from a ground station, at the base of Morro da Babilônia, to Morro da Urca and thence to Sugarloaf's summit.

Reaching the summit

To reach the summit, passengers take two cable cars. The first ascends to the shorter Morro da Urca, high. The second car ascends to Pão de Açúcar.^[6] The Swiss-made bubble-shaped cars offer passengers 360° views of the surrounding city.^[7] The ascent takes three minutes.^[8]

Timeline

• 1907 – Brazilian engineer Augusto Ferreira Ramos had the idea of linking the hills through a path in the air.
• 1910 – The same engineer founded the Society of Sugar Loaf and the same year the works were started. The project was commissioned in Germany and built by Brazilian workers. All parts were taken by climbing mountains or lifted by steel cables.
• 1912 – Opening of the cableway, the first in Brazil and the third of this kind worldwide;^[9] the first cable cars were made of coated wood and were used for 61 years.
• 1973 – The current models of cars were put into operation. This increased the carrying capacity by almost ten times.
• 2009 – Inauguration of the next generation of cable cars that had already been purchased and are on display at the base of Red Beach
• 2020 – Closed in March^[10] and reopened in August^{[11] [12]}

Rock climbing

There are rock climbing routes on Sugarloaf that are mostly multipitch and are a mixture of sport and trad.^[13] There are also two other mountains in the area with technical rock climbing, Morro da Babilônia^[14] and Morro da Urca.^[15] Together, they form one of the largest urban climbing areas in the world, with more than 270 routes, between 1 and 10 pitches long.

Appearances in media

• In 1933's Flying Down to Rio (with Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, among others), the beachside Hotel Atlântico has views across the bay looking toward Sugarloaf Mountain.
• In the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker, the villainous henchman Jaws (played by Richard Kiel) attempts to kill 007 (Roger Moore) and the agent's ally, Dr. Holly Goodhead (Lois Chiles), on a cable car. However, Bond and Goodhead escape and Jaws collides with the building at the bottom of the cable car route, demolishing the building, but escaping unscathed.
• Herb Alpert recorded a song titled "Sugarloaf" for his 1982 album Fandango.
• The mountain and cable car are featured in The Simpsons episode "Blame It on Lisa", aired in 2002.
• (2016), starring Jason Statham. At the beginning of the film Arthur Bishop (Statham) is attacked at a restaurant on Morro da Urca and escapes on the roof of a cable car.
• The 2023 reality competition show , a spin-off of the Bond franchise, featured Sugarloaf Mountain in two episodes.^[16] Two of the show's participants scaled the mountain before climbing outside of a cable car, as an homage to Moonraker.^[17]

Gallery

20th and 21st centuries

Notes and References

1. Web site: Zip line row erupts at Rio's iconic Sugarloaf Mountain . . . 28 March 2023 . 15 June 2024 . 15 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240615093210/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230328-zip-line-row-erupts-at-rio-s-iconic-sugarloaf-mountain . live .
2. Book: Rio de Janeiro . 143 . Pam Barrett . Apa publications . 2006 . 978-981-258-411-3 . 16 June 2024 . 17 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240617055242/https://books.google.com/books?id=MlQc7ipypBEC . live .
3. Book: The American Naturalist . 312 . 106 . Essex Institute . 1972 . 16 June 2024 . 17 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240617055239/https://books.google.com/books?id=wqnSeUYkO38C . live .
4. Encyclopedia: Bornhardt . Encyclopedia of Geomorphology . Routledge . London . Migoń . Piotr . Piotr Migoń . Goudie . Andrew S. . Andrew Goudie (geographer) . 1 . 92–93 . 2004 . 0-415-32737-7 .
5. Book: Allaby, Michael . A Dictionary of Ecology . Oxford University Press . 4th . 53 . 2010 . 978-0-19-956766-9.
6. Lonely Planet: Rio de Janeiro, page 76, Ricardo Gomes, John Maier Jr et al., 2006, Lonely Planet Publications,
7. Web site: Highlights of Rio de Janeiro . Insight Guides . The mighty Sugar Loaf Mountain (Pão de Açúcar) . 1 April 2024 . 17 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240617055240/https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/south-america/brazil/rio-de-janeiro-state/rio-de-janeiro/highlights?dcp=635266809640007500 . live .
8. Web site: The cable car to Rio’s top tourist attraction Sugarloaf Mountain is 100 years old. Associated Press. 27 October 2012. 17 June 2024.
9. Web site: Sugarloaf Mountain . 13 February 2021 . The Armchair Mountaineer . en-US . 18 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220418041539/https://armchairmountaineer.com/sugarloaf-mountain . live .
10. News: Rio's Christ statue closes and state of emergency decreed . 16 August 2020 . ABC News (American) . en . 19 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200319171615/https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/wireStory/rios-christ-statue-closes-state-emergency-decreed-69653786 . live .
11. News: Brazil's Christ the Redeemer statue and Sugarloaf Mountain reopen Saturday . 16 August 2020 . CNN . en.
12. Web site: Brazil's Christ the Redeemer Statue Reopened After Being Closed for Nearly 5 Months . 2 April 2024 . Travel + Leisure . en . 2 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240402144143/https://www.travelandleisure.com/attractions/brazil-christ-the-redeemer-reopening . live .
13. Web site: Rock Climbing in Pao de Acucar (Sugarloaf), Rio de Janeiro . 11 December 2021 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211153021/https://www.mountainproject.com/area/107546222/pao-de-acucar-sugarloaf . live .
14. Web site: Rock Climbing in Morro da Babilonia, Rio de Janeiro . 11 December 2021 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211153023/https://www.mountainproject.com/area/107550650/morro-da-babilonia . live .
15. Web site: Rock Climbing in Morro da Urca, Rio de Janeiro . 11 December 2021 . 17 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240617055257/https://www.mountainproject.com/area/107546364/morro-da-urca . live .
16. Web site: Haysom . Sam . 10 November 2023 . '007: Road to a Million' review: A tense Bond-themed game show that slowly builds . 2 April 2024 . Mashable . en . 2 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240402143751/https://mashable.com/article/007-road-to-a-million-review . live .
17. Web site: 9 November 2023 . 007: Road to a Million cast faced their 'biggest fears' for James Bond reality show: 'I was terrified!' . 2 April 2024 . Yahoo News . en-GB.