| Subaru FA engine | |
| Manufacturer: | Subaru |
| Type: | flat-4 |
| Production: | 2012 - present |
| Predecessor: | Subaru FB engine (parent) |
| Valvetrain: | DOHC 4 valves x cyl. with AVCS |
| Turbocharger: | Optional with intercooler |
| Coolingsystem: | Water-cooled |
| Fuelsystem: | Fuel injection, Direct injection |
| Fueltype: | Petrol/gasoline |
| Compression: | 10.6:1, 12.5:1 |
| Redline: | 6700 - 7400 rpm |
The Subaru FA engine is a gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru and Toyota automobiles. It is a derivative of the FB engine, with efforts to reduce weight while maintaining durability as the main design goals. Although the FA and FB engines share a common platform, the FA shares very little in dedicated parts with the FB engine, with a different block, head, connecting rods, and pistons.
The FA series engine was developed for the Subaru BRZ and the first FA engine, the FA20D, was designed to be mounted as low as possible and to minimize the polar moment of the chassis to improve dynamic response and handling.[1] [2] The FA engine features a shallower oil pan and shorter intake manifold to reduce overall engine height compared to the Subaru FB engine.[3] The FA and FB engines share few parts.
A direct injection-only turbo variant of the FA20, the FA20F, was introduced in late 2012 with the 2012 Legacy GT (for the Japanese market) and in the United States, the 2014 model year Subaru Forester. Compression ratio for the turbo engine falls to 10.6:1 from 12.5:1 for the FA20D. A revised variant of the FA20F was introduced for the 2015 model year Subaru WRX; in this application, the camshafts, rocker arms, boost pressure, intercooler, and exhaust were revised to increase peak output.[4]
Compared to the FB20 engine, which is undersquare with an 84× bore and stroke for 1995cm3 swept displacement, the FA20 is perfectly square with an 86× bore and stroke for 1998cm3 swept displacement. The 86mm bore and stroke are also reminders of the heritage Toyota model AE86.
The FA20D features both direct and port injection (Toyota's D-4S injection system) and Subaru AVCS variable valve timing system. It is used in the Subaru BRZ, and is identified by a Toyota engine family code known as the 4U-GSE, which is installed in the Toyota 86 and the Scion FR-S.[5] According to Subaru, 0W-20 oil is recommended.
Wards Auto put the FA20D on their "10 Best Engines" list for 2013.[6]
A version with Subaru's own direct fuel injection and twin-scroll turbocharger was introduced in 2012.[8] Also known as the FA20DIT. The FA20F was named to the Wards Auto "10 best engines" list in 2015[9] and 2016.[10]
The FA24F was introduced in 2018 initially for the 2019 model year Subaru Ascent. The bore is increased compared to prior FA20 engines, increasing displacement to 2387cm3.[12] The engine has an all aluminum head and block in order to keep weight and warm-up times low.[12] Direct injection and a turbocharger are used to provide output comparable to a 6-cylinder naturally aspirated engine, and the FA24 uses "regular" (87 AKI) fuel.[13] At the 2019 Chicago Auto Show, Subaru unveiled the 2020 model year Subaru Legacy sedan, available starting in fall 2019 and featuring the FA24 as the uplevel engine option.[14] The 2020 model year Subaru Outback also featured the FA24 as the uplevel option.[15]
Like the preceding FA20D, the FA24D uses the Toyota D-4S fuel injection system, which combines direct and port injection. It has the same displacement as the FA24F turbocharged engine with an identical 94×86 mm bore and stroke, but the compression level is increased to 12.5:1.[16] [17] Fitting the existing FA24F, with its bottom-mounted turbo, to the second generation Subaru BRZ/Toyota 86 would have required raising the price and overall center of gravity, so natural aspiration was chosen instead. The torque curve was revised, with peak torque coming at a lower engine speed in the FA24D, and without the significant torque decrease between 3,000 and 5,000 RPM exhibited by the FA20D, which resulted from tuning that engine for fuel economy.[18] In addition, an oil cooler has been added to the engine.[19] One important difference is that the 2022 Toyota GR86 engine requires an oil that meets the ILSAC GF-5 standard while the 2023 GR86 engine requires ILSAC GF-6A, while in markets like Australia the 2022 Subaru BRZ still allows ILSAC GF-5 and additionally allows older ACEA A3 and A5.[20] [21]
The engine is fitted with an additional carbon filter in some regions which slightly restricts the intake.
(Japanese: [[:ja:スバル・FA型エンジン|Subaru FA engine]])
新型ＢＲＺで、最も視線を集めるのは、新開発の２・４Ｌ水平対向４気筒エンジンだろう。現行型の２・０Ｌは、持ち味である高回転を活かした気持ちよい回転フィールが味わえるものであったが、同時にトルクバンドの落ち込みやパワー不足が、ユーザーから指摘されてきた。だからこそ第二世代に向けて、新エンジンの検討は必然といえた。しかし、彼らが導きだした答えは、２・０Ｌの改良でもターボ化でもない。排気量アップという選択であった。
ＢＲＺが究極のピュアスポーツカーを目指す以上、扱いやすさと吹け上がりの良さを両立するエンジンが求められる。そのためには自然吸気エンジンが最適だ。しかし、２・０Ｌのままでは性能的な限界があり、ターボ化ではＢＲＺの持ち味が薄れてしまう。そうなれば、パワーとトルクを両立できる排気量の拡大は、当然の結果といえた。
ただ排気量の拡大は、パワートレインだけでなく、車両全体の重量増、そして軽快さのスポイルにも繋がる可能性が高い。それでも決断したのは、よりスポーツカーを極めたいという情熱であった。
このＦＡ24エンジンは、新型ＢＲＺ用として細部までチューニングを施し専用化。最高出力は２３５psで、現行型同様に伸びやかな高回転型エンジンへと調教されている。しかも最大トルクは３７００回転で発生し、その後も厚みのあるトルク領域を持つ。まさに大排気量が生む高トルクと、自然吸気エンジンの滑らかさを兼ね備えた理想的なパワーユニットに仕上がっている。
排気量アップに合わせ冷却性能もアップ
排気量の拡大と高出力化に対応すべく、補機類も見直した。性能を安定して発揮するために重要となる冷却系は、ラジエーターの容量アップに加え、新たにオイルクーラーも追加。最高出力の235psを高回転域で発揮する新エンジンの持ち味を活かした走りが楽しめる。-->
.