Street names of the City of London explained

This is a list of the etymology of street names in the City of London.

A

• Abchurch Lane and Abchurch Yard – after the adjacent St Mary Abchurch
• Adam's Court – thought to be for Sir Thomas Adams, 1st Baronet, master of the Worshipful Company of Drapers and later Lord Mayor of London
• Addle Hill – from an Old English word for prince
• Addle Street – from an Old English word for filth/dung, presumably descriptive, though also may be the same etymology as Addle Hill above
• Alban Highwalk and St Albans Court – after the adjacent St Alban, Wood Street church, of which only the tower now remains
• Albion Place (off London Wall)
• Albion Way
• Aldermanbury and Aldermanbury Square – the site of a burgh (enclosed settlement) of a Saxon-era alderman
• Alderman's Walk – formerly Dashwood's Walk, for Francis Dashwood, who lived here in the 18th century; it was changed when he became an alderman
• Aldersgate Court and Aldersgate Street – the name Aldersgate is first recorded around 1000 in the form Ealdredesgate, i.e. 'gate associated with a man named Ealdrād'. The gate, constructed by the Romans in the 2nd or 3rd centuries when London Wall was constructed, probably acquired its name in the late Saxon period^[1]
• Aldgate, Aldgate Avenue and Aldgate High Street – thought to be an alteration of Old Gate; others think it stems from Ale Gate (after a local inn) or All Gate (as it was open to all)^{[2] [3] [4]}
• Allhallows Lane – after the church of All-Hallows-the-Great and Less, both destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666; the Great was rebuilt by Christopher Wren, but was demolished in 1894
• Amen Corner and Amen Court – by association with the nearby St Paul's Cathedral
• America Square – laid out in 1767–1770 by George Dance the Younger and named in honour of the American colonies
• Andrewes Highwalk – presumably after Lancelot Andrewes, rector of the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate Church
• Angel Court – named after a long demolished inn of this name
• Angel Lane
• Angel Street – after a demolished inn of this name; formerly Angle Alley
• Apothecary Street – after the nearby Worshipful Society of Apothecaries
• Appold Street
• The Arcade (Liverpool Street) – presumably descriptive
• Arthur Street – unknown
• Artillery Lane – this formerly led to the Tasel Close Artillery Yard, which stood here in the 17th–18th centuries
• Artizan Street
• Ashentree Court – after the ashen trees formerly located here at the Whitefriars' monastery
• Athene Place
• Austin Friars and Austin Friars Passage and Austin Friars Square – after Austin Friars, a medieval friary which stood here in the Medieval period
• Ave Maria Lane – after the Hail Mary (Ave Maria), by association with the nearby St Paul's Cathedral
• The Avenue (Cutlers Gardens) – presumably descriptive

B

• Back Alley – presumably descriptive
• Back Passage – presumably descriptive
• Bakers Hall Court – after the nearby hall of the Worshipful Company of Bakers
• Ball Court
• Baltic Street West – the streets here were built by a timber merchant circa 1810 who named them after trade-related activities; Baltic refers to the Baltic softwood trade
• Barbon Alley – after Nicholas Barbon, 17th-century economist ^[5]
• Barley Mow Passage – after a former inn here of this name, possibly by reference to alcohol, or else a corruption of the nearby St Bartholomew's church and hospital
• Barnard's Inn – named after Lionel Barnard, owner of a town house (or 'inn') here in the mid-15th century
• Bartholomew Close and Bartholomew Place – after St Bartholomew's Priory, which stood here and is remembered in the names of the local hospital and two churches
• Bartholomew Lane – after the former St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange church, demolished in 1840
• Bartlett Court, Bartlett Street and Bartletts Passage – after Thomas Bartlett, court printer to Edward VI, who owned property here
• Basinghall Avenue and Basinghall Street – thought to be after land owned here by the people of Basa or Basing (in Old Basing, Hampshire), or possibly after a mansion house of the Bassing (or Basing) family, who were prominent in the City beginning in the 13th century^[6]
• Bassishaw Highwalk – after the Bassishaw ward in which it is located
• Bastion Highwalk – presumably after the adjacent Roman bastion ruins
• Bear Alley – thought to be after a former inn of this name
• Beech Gardens and Beech Street – after beech trees which formerly stood here; the name is an old one, recorded as Bechestrete in the 13th century
• Beehive Passage – after a former tavern here of this name
  • Bengal Court – presumably after the former British colony of Bengal Bell Court
• Bell Inn Yard – after a former inn of this name
• Bell Wharf Lane – unknown, possibly after a former tavern of this name; formerly Emperor's Head Lane, after an inn here
• Ben Jonson Place – after Ben Jonson, 17th-century playwright and poet
• Bennet's Hill – after the adjacent St Benet's church
• Bevis Marks – corruption of Bury Marks, after a former house on this site given to Bury St Edmunds Abbey in the 1100s; mark is thought to note a boundary here
• Billiter Court and Billiter Street – after former belzeter (bell foundry) located here
• Birchin Lane – unknown, though suggested to come from the Old English ('beard carver' i.e. a barber's); it has had several variations on this name in the past, including Berchervere, Berchenes and Birchen
• Bishop's Court
• Bishopsgate, Bishopsgate Arcade and Bishopsgate Churchyard – after one of the city gates that formerly stood here, thought to commemorate Saint Earconwald, Bishop of London in the 7th century
• Blackfriars Bridge, Blackfriars Court, Blackfriars Lane, Blackfriars Passage and Blackfriars Underpass – after the former Dominican (or Black friars, after their robes) friary that stood here 1276–1538
• Blomfield Street – after Charles James Blomfield, Bishop of London 1828–1856
• Bloomberg Arcade – after its owners/developers Bloomberg L.P.
• Bolt Court – thought to be after a former tavern called the Bolt-in-Tun
• Bond Court – after a 17th-century property developer of this name
• Booth Lane
• Botolph Alley and Botolph Lane – after the St Botolph Billingsgate church which stood near here, destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666
• Bouverie Street – after William Bouverie, 1st Earl of Radnor
• Bow Churchyard and Bow Lane – after the adjacent St Mary-le-Bow church; it was formerly known as Hosier Lane (after the local stocking making trade), and prior to that Cordewanere Street (meaning 'leather-workers')
• Brabant Court – thought to be after the Dutch/Belgian province of this name, though possibly a corruption of a personal name (prior to the 18th century it was known as Braben Court, and before that Brovens Court)
• Brackley Street – after the Earls of Bridgewater, also called the Viscounts Brackley, who owned a house near here
• Braidwood Passage – presumably after 19th-century fireman James Braidwood
• Brandon Mews - after Robert Brandon (d.1369), granted the lordship of the manor Barbican in 1336 by Edward III^[7]
• Bread Street – after the bakery trade that formerly took place here
• Bream's Buildings – thought to be named for its 18th-century builder
• Breton Highwalk – presumably after the 16th–17th-century poet Nicholas Breton
• Brewer's Hall Gardens – after the adjacent Worshipful Company of Brewers hall
• Brick Court – as this was home to the first set of brick buildings in the area
• Bride Court, Bride Lane, St Bride's Avenue, St Bride's Passage and St Bride Street – after the adjacent St Bride's Church
• Bridewell Place – after the adjacent St Bride's Church and a well that was formerly located here in the early Middle Ages; the name was later given to Bridewell Palace (demolished in the 1860s)
• Bridgewater Highwalk, Bridgewater Square and Bridgewater Street – after the Earls of Bridgewater, also called the Viscounts Brackley, who owned a house near here
• Britannic Highwalk
• Broadgate and Broadgate Circle – developed in the late 1980s, presumably named for the former Broad Street station on this site and the adjacent Bishopsgate
• Broad Lane, Broad Street Avenue, New Broad Street and Old Broad Street – simply a descriptive name, dating to the early Middle Ages; the northernmost section was formerly 'New Broad Street'; however, this has now switched onto an adjacent side street
• Broken Wharf – this wharf fell into disrepair owing to a property dispute in the 14th century
• Brown's Buildings
• Brushfield Street – after Thomas Brushfield, Victorian-era representative for this area at the Metropolitan Board of Works; the westernmost section, here forming the boundary with Tower Hamlets, was formerly called Union Street
• Bucklersbury and Bucklersbury Passage – after the Buckerel/Bucherel family who owned land here in the 1100s
• Budge Row – formerly home to the drapery trade; a budge/boge was a type of lamb's wool
• Bull's Head Passage – thought to be after an inn or shop of this name
• Bunyan Court – after the author John Bunyan, who attended the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate church
• Burgon Street – after Dean Burgon of St Paul's Cathedral; prior to 1885 it was called New Street
• Bury Court and Bury Street – after a former house on this site given to Bury St Edmunds Abbey in the 1100s
• Bush Lane – thought to be after a former inn of this name
• Byward Street – after the adjacent Byward Tower of the Tower of London

C

• Camomile Street – after the camomile formerly grown here for medicine
• Canon Alley – presumably in reference to the adjacent St Paul's Cathedral
• Cannon Street – a contraction of the 14th-century Candlewick Street, meaning a street where candle-makers were based
• Capel Court – after William Capel, Lord Mayor of London in the early 16th century
• Carlisle Avenue – unknown
• Carmelite Street – after the Carmelite order (known as the White friars), who were granted land here by Edward I
• Carter Court and Carter Lane – after the cratering trade that formerly took place here, or possibly also after someone with this name
• Carthusian Street – after the Carthusian monks who lived near here in the Middle Ages^[8]
• Castle Baynard Street – after Castle Baynard which formerly stood here
• Castle Court – after a former inn of this name
• Catherine Wheel Alley – after a former inn of this name, which was named for the Catherine wheel on the coat of arms of the Worshipful Company of Turners
• Cavendish Court – after the Cavendish family, Dukes of Devonshire, who owed a house near here in the 1600s
• Chancery Lane – the former site of Edward III's office of the Master of the Rolls of Chancery
• Change Alley – after the nearby Royal Exchange
• Charterhouse Square and Charterhouse Street – Anglicisation of Chartreuse, from Grande Chartreuse, head monastery of the Carthusians in France; a nearby abbey was founded by monks of this order in 1371
• Cheapside and Cheapside Passage – from, an Old English word meaning 'market'; this was the western end of a market that stretched over the Eastcheap
• Cheshire Court – after the adjacent Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese pub
• Chiswell Street – either for old term meaning 'stony/gravelly earth', or a corruption of 'Choice Well', denoting a source of clean water
• Church Cloisters – after the adjacent St Mary-at-Hill church; Church Passage till 1938
• Church Court – after the adjacent Temple Church
• Church Entry – after the former St Ann Blackfriars church which burned down in the 1666 fire
• Circus Place – after the adjacent Finsbury Circus
• Clements Lane and St Clement's Court – after the adjacent St Clement's, Eastcheap church
• Clerk's Place
• Clifford's Inn Passage – after an inn (townhouse) given to Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford by Edward II
• Cloak Lane – unknown, though possibly from cloaca, an old word for a sewer; prior to the mid-17th century it was Horseshoebridge Street, after a bridge that stood here over the Walbrook
• Cloth Court, Cloth Fair and Cloth Street – after a long-running cloth fair that was formerly held here
• Clothier Street – after the former clothes market that operated here
• Cobb's Court
• Cock Hill – unknown, possibly from an old inn of this name
• Cock Lane – thought to be after either cock rearing or cock fighting that formerly occurred here
• Coleman Street and Coleman Street Buildings – possibly after a church of this name or a personal name, or literally after the coalmen who formerly lived in this area in the Middle Ages
• College Hill, College Street and Little College Lane – after the adjacent St Michael Paternoster Royal, which was created as a collegiate church by Richard Whittington in 1419; College Street was formerly Paternoster Street (meaning rosary makers and College Hill was Royal Street (a corruption of La Réole, France, where local wine merchants hailed from)
• Compter Passage – presumably after the former Wood Street Compter
• Cooper's Row – after an 18th-century property owner of this name; prior to this it was Woodruffe Lane, also thought to be after a property owner
• Copthall Avenue, Copthall Buildings and Copthall Close – after a former 'copt hall' (crested hall) that stood here
• Corbet Court – after a local 17th-century property developer
• Cornhill – thought to be after the corn formerly grown or sold here
• Cousin Lane – after either Joanna or William Cousin, the first a local landowner, the latter a 14th-century sheriff
• Cowper's Court – after the Cowper family, local landowners
• Crane Court – formerly Two Crane Court, possibly after a coat of arms of one of the local landowning families
• Creechurch Lane and Creechurch Place – after the former Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate near here; it was also named Christ Church, later corrupted to Creechurch, and later also given to St Katharine Cree church
• Creed Court and Creed Lane – by association with the nearby St Paul's Cathedral
• Crescent – thought to be first crescent-shaped street in London
• Cripplegate Street – after the former Cripplegate that stood here, referring either to a (Latin for 'covered way') or the association with the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate church (St Giles is the patron saint of cripples)
• Cromwell Highwalk and Cromwell Place – presumably after Oliver Cromwell, who was married in the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate Church in 1620
• Crosby Square – after Crosby House, built for Sir John Crosby, 15th-century merchant and politician
• Cross Keys Square – after a house or inn called Cross Keys that stood here in Tudor times
• Cross Lane – descriptive; it was formerly Fowle Lane (literally 'foul')
• Crosswall – descriptive, as it crosses the boundary of the city wall
• Crown Court
• Crown Office Row – after the Clerks of the Crown Office formerly located here
• Crutched Friars – after the Crutched Friars, a religious order who had a friary here in the early Middle Ages which was dissolved by Henry VIII
• Cullum Street – after either Sir John Cullum, 17th-century sheriff who owned land here, or Thomas Cullum
• Cunard Place – after the Cunard Line headquarters, formerly located here
• Cursitor Street – after the Cursitors' office, established here in the 16th century
• Custom House Walk – after the adjacent Custom House
• Cutler Street and Cutlers Gardens Arcade – after the Worshipful Company of Cutlers, who owned land here

D

• Dark House Walk – after a former inn here called the Darkhouse; it was formerly Dark House Lane, and prior to that Dark Lane^[9]
• Dean's Court – after the Dean of St Paul's
• Defoe Place – after the author Daniel Defoe
• Devonshire Row and Devonshire Square – after the Cavendish family, Dukes of Devonshire, who owed a house near here in the 1600s
• Distaff Lane – formerly Little Distaff Lane, as it lay off the main Distaff Lane (now absorbed into Cannon Street); in Medieval times the area was home to a distaff industry
• Doby Court – thought to be after a local landowner; prior to 1800 called Maidenhead Court
• Dorset Buildings and Dorset Rise – Salisbury Court, London home of the bishops of Salisbury, formerly stood near here; after the Dissolution of the Monasteries it passed to Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset
• Dowgate Hill – after a former watergate leading to the Thames here; it was formerly Duuegate, Old English for 'dove' (possibly a personal name), or possibly simply from the word 'down'
• Drapers Gardens – after the adjacent Worshipful Company of Drapers building
• Dukes Place – after Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, who inherited a house near here from his uncle Thomas Audley, who had gained the land following the Dissolution of the Monasteries
• Dunster Court – corruption of St Dunstan's Court, as it lay in the parish of St Dunstan-in-the-East
• Dyer's Buildings – after almshouses owned by the Worshipful Company of Dyers formerly located here

E

• Eastcheap – as it was the eastern end of the former Cheapside market
• East Harding Street and West Harding Street – after local 16th-century property owner Agnes Harding, who bequeathed the surrounding area to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths for the upkeep of widows
• East Passage – presumably descriptive
• East Poultry Avenue and West Poultry Avenue – after the meat trade here at Smithfield Market
• Eldon Street – after John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon, Lord Chancellor in the early 19th century, or a tavern named after him
• Elm Court – after the elm trees in the Temple Gardens
• Essex Court – presumably after the earls of Essex, who owned a townhouse near here (hence the nearby Essex Street)
• Exchange Arcade, Exchange Place and Exchange Square

F

• Falcon Court – after a former inn or shop of this name
• Falcon Highwalk
• Fann Street – thought to be named after a local property owner or tradesman of this name
• Farringdon Street – from Sir William or Nicholas de Farnedon/Faringdon, local sheriffs or aldermen in the 13th century
• Fen Court, Fenchurch Avenue, Fenchurch Buildings, Fenchurch Place and Fenchurch Street – after a fen which was formerly located near here, and possibly the former St Gabriel Fenchurch
• Fetter Lane and New Fetter Lane – formerly Fewter Lane, a Medieval term for an idler, stemming originally from the Old French ('lawyer')
• Finch Lane – after Robert Fink (some sources: Aelfwin Finnk), who paid for the rebuilding of the former St Benet Fink Church in the 13th century; the church was destroyed in the 1666 Fire, and its replacement demolished in the 1840s
• Finsbury Avenue, Finsbury Avenue Square, Finsbury Circus – after a Saxon burgh (settlement) owned by someone called Finn^[10]
• Fish Street Hill, Fish Wharf and Old Fish Street Hill – after the former local fish trade here, centred on Billingsgate Fish Market
• Fishmongers Hall Wharf – after the adjacent Fishmongers' Hall
• Fleet Place, Fleet Street and Old Fleet Lane – after the now covered river Fleet which flowed near here
• Fore Street and Fore Street Avenue – named after its location in front of the City walls
• Fort Street – after the former armoury and artillery grounds located near here
• Foster Lane – corruption of Vedast, after the adjacent St Vedast Church
• Founders' Court – after the Worshipful Company of Founders, who were formerly based here
• Fountain Court – after the 17th-century fountain located here
• Frederick's Place – after John Frederick, Lord Mayor of London in 1661
• French Ordinary Court – former site of an 'ordinary' (cheap eating place) for the local French community in the 17th century
• Friar Street – after the former Dominican friary that stood here 1276–1538
• Friday Street – after the former local fish trade here, with reference to the popularity of fish on this day owing to the Catholic Friday Fast; the street formerly extended all the way to Cheapside
• Frobisher Crescent – after the explorer Martin Frobisher, who is buried in the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate
• Fruiterers Passage – after the Worshipful Company of Fruiterers, formerly based here^[11]
• Furnival Street – after the nearby Furnival's Inn, owned by Sir Richard Furnival in the late 1500s
• Fye Foot Lane – corruption of five foot, after its original breadth; formerly Finamour Lane, after an individual with this surname

G

• Garden Court – after the adjacent Temple Gardens
• Gardner's Lane – unknown, though thought to be after a local property owner; formerly called Dunghill Lane in the 18th century
• Garlick Hill – as it led to the former Garlick Hythe, a wharf where garlic was unloaded from ships
• George Yard – after the adjacent George and Vulture pub, or another pub of this name formerly located here
• Giltspur Street – thought to be the former location of a spurriers
• Gloucester Court
• Godliman Street – thought to be after Godalming, Surrey, a family bearing this name, or the selling of godalmins (a type of skin/leather); it was formerly Paul's Chain, after the chain placed here to prevent access to St Paul's churchyard
• Golden Lane – formerly Goldynglane, thought to be after a local property owner of the name Golding/Golda
• Goldsmith Street – after the nearby Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
• Goodman's Court and Goodman's Yard – thought to be after the Goodman family, local farmers in the 16th century
• Gophir Lane – formerly Gofaire Lane, thought to be for Elias Gofaire, 14th-century property owner
• Goring Street – unknown; prior to 1885 known as Castle Court, after a former inn
• Goswell Road – there is dispute over the origins of the name, with some sources claiming the road was named after a nearby garden called 'Goswelle' or 'Goderell' which belonged to Robert de Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk,^[12] whilst others state it derives from God's Well, and the traditional pagan practice of well-worship,^[13] and others a 'Gode Well' formerly located here
• Gough Square – after Richard Gough, wool merchant, local landowners in the early 1700s
• Gracechurch Street – formerly Garscherch Street, Grass Church Street and Gracious Street, presumably after a local church (mostly likely St Benet Gracechurch and/or grassy area
• Grand Avenue – presumably descriptive
• Grant's Quay Wharf
• Gravel Lane – descriptive, after its gravelly texture
• Great Bell Alley – formerly just Bell Alley, it was named for a former inn
• Great Eastern Walk (Liverpool Street station) – presumably descriptive, or after the Great Eastern Railway company
• Great New Street, Little New Street, Middle New Street, New Street Court, New Street Square – built in the mid-1600s, and named simply as they were then new
• Great St Helen's and St Helen's Place – after the adjacent St Helen's Church, Bishopsgate and former priory here of the same name
• Great St Thomas Apostle – after the St Thomas the Apostle church, destroyed in the Great Fire
• Great Swan Alley – after a former inn here called The White Swan
• Great Tower Street – after the adjacent Tower of London
• Great Trinity Lane, Little Trinity Lane and Trinity Lane – after the former Holy Trinity the Less church, demolished 1871
• Great Winchester Street – following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the nearby Austin Friars was acquired by Sir William Powlet, Lord Treasurer; his son Lord Winchester renamed it for himself
• Green Arbour Court – thought to be from a 17th-century inn
• The Green Yard
• Gresham Street – after Thomas Gresham, merchant and founder the Royal Exchange; the western part of this street was formerly known as Lad Lane, and the eastern part Cat Eaton Street (named literally after the cats here); they were amalgamated in 1845
• Greyfriars Passage – after the Franciscan order, also known as the Grey friars, who owned land here in the Middle Ages
• Greystoke Place – after a local 18th-century property owner of this name; prior to this it was Black Raven Alley, after a local inn
• Grocer's Hall Court and Grocer's Hall Gardens – after the adjacent Worshipful Company of Grocers
• Groveland Court
• Guildhall Buildings and Guildhall Yard – after the adjacent Guildhall
• Guinness Court
• Gunpowder Square
• Gutter Lane – corruption of Guthrun/Godrun, thought to be after an early Danish landowner

H

• Half Moon Court – after a former inn of this name
• Hammett Street – after its 18th-century builder Benjamin Hammett, also Lord Mayor of London in 1797
• Hanging Sword Alley – thought to be after a former inn, shop or fencing school of this name
• Hanseatic Walk – presumably in reference to Hanseatic League
• Hare Place – after Hare House which formerly stood here; formerly Ram Alley, a noted criminal area, prompting the name change
• Harp Alley – thought to be after a former 17th-century inn of this name
• Harp Lane – after the Harp brewhouse which formerly stood here
• Harrow Place – thought to be named for a harrow-making shop formerly located here after a former inn of this name
• Hart Street – unknown, formerly Herthstrete and Hertstrete, possibly after the hearthstone trade here
• Hartshorn Alley – after the Hart's Horn inn which formerly stood here
• Haydon Street and Haydon Walk – after John Heydon, Master of the Ordnance 1627–42, who lived near here
• Hayne Street – after Haynes timber merchants and carpenters, who owned a shop here after a former inn of this name
• Hen and Chicken Court – after former here of this name
• Heneage Lane and Heneage Place – after Thomas Heneage, who acquired a house here after the dissolution of the nearby abbey
• High Holborn, Holborn, Holborn Circus and Holborn Viaduct – thought to be from hollow bourne, i.e. the river Fleet which formerly flowed in a valley near here. The High stems from the fact that rode led away from the river to higher ground. Circus is a British term for a road junction, and viaduct is a self-explanatory term.^{[14] [15]}
• High Timber Street – after a former timber hythe (wharf), recorded here from the late 13th century
• Hind Court
• Hogarth Court – the artist William Hogarth formerly lodged here at a local tavern
• Honey Lane – after honey that was formerly sold here as art of the Cheapside market
• Hood Court
• Hope Square
• Hosier Lane – after the former hosiery trade based here
• Houndsditch – generally thought to be literally after a local ditch where dead dogs were dumped;^[16] however, others think it may refer to a nearby kennels
• Huggin Court and Huggin Hill – formerly Hoggen Lane, as hogs were kept here
• Hutton Street

I

• Idol Lane – formerly Idle Lane, it may be a personal name or denote local idlers
• India Street – after the former warehouses here of the East India Company; prior to 1913 it was George Street
• Inner Temple Lane – after the adjacent Inner Temple
• Ireland Yard – after haberdasher William Ireland, who owned a house here in the 1500s
• Ironmonger Lane – an ancient name, after the former ironmongery trade here

J

• Jewry Street – after the former Jewish community which was based here; formerly Poor Jewry Street
• John Carpenter Street – after John Carpenter, Town Clerk of London in the mid-15th century
• John Milton Passage – after the author John Milton
• John Trundle Highwalk – after John Trundle, 16th–17th-century author and book seller
• John Wesley Highwalk – after John Wesley, founder of Methodism
• Johnsons Court – after a local 16th-century property owning family of this name; the connection with Samuel Johnson is coincidental

K

• Keats Place
• Kennett Wharf Lane – after its late 18th-century owner
• Kinghorn Street – formerly King Street, renamed in 1885 to avoid confusion with many other streets of this name
• Kingscote Street – formerly King Edward Street (for Edward VI), renamed in 1885 to avoid confusion with the street of this name off Newgate Street
• King Street – built after the Great Fire and named for Charles II
• King Edward Street – named for Edward VI, who turned the adjacent Greyfriars monastery into a hospital; it was formerly known as Stinking Lane
• King William Street – named for William IV, reigning monarch when the street was built in 1829–1835
• King's Arms Yard – named after a former inn of this name
• King's Bench Walk – named for the adjacent housing for lawyers of the King's Bench
• Knightrider Court and Knightrider Street – thought to be literally a street where knights used to ride

L

• Lakeside Terrace – descriptive
• Lambert Jones Mews – after Lambert Jones, Victorian-era councilman
• Lambeth Hill – corruption of Lambert/Lambart, local property owner
• Langthorn Court – named after a former property owner of this name
• Lauderdale Place – named for the Earls of Lauderdale, who owned a house here^[17]
• Laurence Pountney Hill and Laurence Pountney Lane – after the former St Laurence Pountney church, built by Sir John de Pulteney but destroyed in the Great Fire
• Lawrence Lane – after the nearby St Lawrence Jewry church
• Leadenhall Market, Leadenhall Place and Leadenhall Street – after the Leaden Hall, a house owned by Sir Hugh Neville in the 14th century
• Lime Street – Medieval name denoting a place of lime kilns
• Limeburner Lane – after the lime-burning trade formerly located here
• Lindsey Street – unknown
• Little Britain – thought to be after Robert le Bretoun, 13th-century local landowner, probably from Brittany
• Little Somerset Street
• Liverpool Street – built in 1829 and named for Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister 1812–1827
• Lloyd's Avenue – as the headquarters of the Lloyd's Register (named for Lloyd's Coffee House) were located here
• Lombard Court and Lombard Lane – from Lombardy, as this area was home to a community from there; the name was altered from Lombard Street to avoid confusion with the other street of this name
• Lombard Street – from the wool merchants from Lombardy who traded and lent money here from the 13th century onwards
• London Bridge – self-explanatory; for centuries this was the only bridge crossing the Thames
• London Street and New London Street – named after local 18th-century property owner John London, not the city; the 'New' section was a later extension
• London Wall – after the city wall which formerly ran along this route (though there are still some ruins visible)
• Long Lane – a descriptive name
• Lothbury – meaning 'burgh of Lotha/Hlothere', a 7th-century name
• Lovat Street – thought to be either a corruption of Lucas Lane, after a local landowner, or for Lord Lovat, local politician; it was formerly Love Lane, probably a euphemism for prostitution, and changed to avoid confusion with the other city lane of this name
• Love Lane – unknown, but possible with reference to the prostitution that occurred here in the 16th century; it was formerly Roper Lane, probably after the rope-making trade, but possibly after a person with this surname
• Lower Thames Street and Upper Thames Street – thought to mark the bank of the Thames in Roman/Saxon times
• Ludgate Broadway, Ludgate Circus, Ludgate Hill and Ludgate Square – the former city gate of this name that formerly stood here, thought to be an Old English term for 'postern-gate'

M

• Mac's Place
• Magpie Alley – after a former inn here of this name
• Mansell Street – named after either local landowner Sir William Leman, 2nd Baronet for his wife Mary Mansell or Mansel Leman, also a local property owner in the 17th century
• Mansion House Place and Mansion House Street – after the adjacent Mansion House
• Mark Lane – unknown, though possibly a corruption of Martha; formerly known as Martlane and Marke Lane
• Martin Lane – after the former St Martin Orgar church, demolished (save for the tower) in 1820
• Mason's Avenue – after the Worshipful Company of Masons, whose headquarters formerly stood here
• Middle Street – descriptive
• Middlesex Passage – formerly Middlesex Court, thought to be after Middlesex House which formerly stood here
• Middlesex Street (Petticoat Lane) and Petticoat Square – as this street forms the boundary of the city with the county of Middlesex, with the alternative name Petticoat stemming from the clothes market formerly held here; prior to 1602 it was known as Hog Lane after the animal
• Middle Temple Lane – after the adjacent Middle Temple
• Milk Street – after the milk and dairy trade that formerly occurred here in connection with the nearby Cheapside market
• Millennium Bridge – as it was built to commemorate the 2000 millennium
• Milton Court and Milton Street – after an early 19th-century lease owner of this name, or possibly the poet John Milton; prior to this it was Grub/Grubbe Street, after the former owner, or perhaps to a grube ('drain')
• Mincing Lane – after /, a term for the nuns who formerly held property here prior to 1455
• Minerva Walk
• Miniver Place – after the type of fur, named by connection with the nearby Skinner's Hall
• Minories – after a former church/convent here of the Little Sisters nuns
• Minster Court and Minster Pavement
• Mitre Square and Mitre Street – after the former Mitre Inn which stood near here
• Modern Court
• Monkwell Square – after the former street here also of this name, variously recorded as Mogwellestrate or Mukewellestrate, and thought to refer to a well owned by one Mucca
• Montague Street – after Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, who owned a mansion here
• Monument Street – after the nearby Monument to the Great Fire of London
• Moorfields and Moorfield Highwalk – after the marshy moorlands that formerly stood here
• Moorgate and Moorgate Place – after the gate, leading to the marshy moorlands beyond, that formerly stood here
• Moor Lane and Moor Place – after the marshy moorlands that formerly stood here
• Muscovy Street – after the Muscovy Company of Elizabethan times, or the Russian merchants formerly based here

N

• Nettleton Court
• Nevill Lane
• New Bell Yard
• New Bridge Street – named in 1765 as it leads to the then-new Blackfriars Bridge
• Newbury Street – formerly New Street, renamed 1890 to avoid confusion with other streets of this name
• Newcastle Close – either after a former inn called the Castle located here, or after the city, with reference to the coal trade here
• Newcastle Court
• New Change, New Change Passage and Old Change Court – formerly Old Change, and named for a former mint and gold exchange here
• New Court – built circa 1700 and named simply because it was then new
• Newgate Street – after a new gate built here in the 1000s; the eastern part of this street was formerly Bladder Street, after the bladder selling trade here
• Newman's Court – after Lawrence Newman, who leased land here in the 17th century
• New Street – named simply as it was new when first built
• New Union Street – named as it united Moor Lane and Moorfields; it was formerly Gunn Alley
• Nicholas Lane and Nicholas Passage – after the former St Nicholas Acons church, destroyed in the Great Fire
• Noble Street – after Thomas de Noble, local 14th-century property developer
• Northumberland Alley – after Northumberland House, house of the Earls of Northumberland, which formerly stood here
• Norton Folgate – the former word a corruption of North Town, and the latter after the local Folgate family
• Norwich Street – unknown; formerly Norwich Court, and prior to that Magpie Yard, probably from a local inn
• Nun Court – thought to be after a local builder/property owner

O

• Oat Lane – as oats were formerly sold here in the Middle Ages
• Octagon Arcade (Broadgate)
• Old Bailey – after a bailey fortification that formerly stood here
• Old Billingsgate Walk – after the former watergate of this name, the derivation of Billings is unknown
• Old Jewry – after a Saxon-era settlement of Jews here, thought to be termed Old following the Edict of Expulsion of all Jews from England by Edward I
• Old Mitre Court – after a former tavern of this name here
• Old Seacole Lane – thought to be after the coal trade that came from the sea and up the river Fleet here
• Old Watermen's Walk
• Outwich Street – after either Oteswich/Ottewich, meaning 'Otho's dwelling', a name for this area of London in the early Middle Ages or the former St Martin Outwich church, named for the Outwich family, demolished 1874
• Oystergate Walk – after a watergate here, and the oyster trade
• Oxford Court – after a former house here owned by the Earls of Oxford

P

• Pageantmaster Court
• Pancras Lane – after St Pancras, Soper Lane church which stood here until destroyed in the Great Fire; it was formerly Needlers Lane, after the needle making trade here
• Panyer Alley – after a Medieval brewery here called the panyer (basket)
• Paternoster Lane, Paternoster Row and Paternoster Square – after the paternoster (rosary) makers who formerly worked here
• Paul's Walk
• Pemberton Row – after James Pemberton, Lord Mayor of London in 1611
• Pepys Street – after 17th-century diarist Samuel Pepys, who lived and worked here
• Peterborough Court – after the abbots of Peterborough, who prior to the Dissolution of the Monasteries had a house here
• Peter's Hill – after St Peter, Paul's Wharf church, which formerly stood here until destroyed in the 1666 fire
• Petty Wales – unknown, but possibly after a Welsh community formerly based here
• Philpot Lane – commemorates prominent local family the Philpots; originally probably after John Philpot, 14th-century grocer
• Pilgrim Street – thought to be a former route for pilgrims to St Paul's Cathedral; formerly known as Stonecutters Alley and Little Bridge Street
• Pindar Street – after Paul Pindar, 14th–16th-century diplomat, who had a house here
• Pinner's Passage
• Plaisterers Highwalk – after the nearby Worshipful Company of Plaisterers
• Plantation Lane
• Playhouse Yard – after the Blackfriars Playhouse, which stood here in the 17th century
• Pleydell Court and Pleydell Street – formerly Silver Street, it was renamed in 1848 by association with the neighbouring Bouverie Street; the Bouverie family were by this time known as the Pleydell-Bouveries
• Plough Court – thought to be either from an inn of this name, or an ironmongers; formerly Plough Yard
• Plough Place – after the Plough/Plow, a 16th-century eating place located here
• Plumtree Court – thought to be after either literally a plumtree, or else an inn of this name
• Pope's Head Alley – after the Pope's Head Tavern which formerly stood here, thought to stem from the 14th-century Florentine merchants who were in Papal service
• Poppins Court – shortening of Popinjay Court, meaning a parrot; it is thought to stem from the crest of Cirencester Abbey (which featured the bird), who owned a town house here
• Portsoken Street – after port-soke, as it was a soke near a port (gate) of the City
• Post Office Court – after the General Post Office which formerly stood near here
• Poultry – after the poultry which was formerly sold at the market here
• Priest's Court – with allusion to the adjacent St Vedast Church
• Primrose Hill – thought to be named after a builder of this name, or possibly the primroses which formerly grew here; formerly called Salisbury Court, as it approaches Salisbury Square
• Primrose Street – thought to be named after a builder of this name, or possibly the primroses which formerly grew here
• Prince's Street – named in reference to the adjacent King and Queen Streets
• Printers Inn Court – after the printing industry which formerly flourished here
• Printer Street – after the printing industry which formerly flourished here
• Priory Court
• Prudent Passage
• Pudding Lane – from the former term pudding meaning animals' entrails, which were dumped here in Medieval times by local butchers; it was formerly Rothersgate, after a watergate located here
• Puddle Dock – thought to be either descriptive (after the water here), or named for a local wharf owner of this name
• Pump Court – after a former pump located here

Q

• Quaggy Walk
• Quality Court – a descriptive name, as it was superior when built compared with the surrounding streets
• Queenhithe – formerly Ethelredshythe, after its founder King Æthelred the Unready, and hythe, meaning 'a wharf/landing place'; it was renamed after its later owner Matilda of Scotland, wife of Henry I
• Queen Isabella Way –
• Queens Head Passage – after a former house here called the Queens Head, demolished 1829
• Queen Street and Queen Street Place – named in honour of Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II
• Queen Victoria Street – built in 1871 and named for the then reigning monarch

R

• Rangoon Street – after the former warehouses here of the East India Company, Burma then been part of British India
• Red Lion Court – after a former inn of this name
• Regent Street – after the Prince Regent
• Rising Sun Court – after the adjacent pub of this name
• Robin Hood Court – thought to be after a former inn of this name
• Rolls Buildings and Rolls Passage – the former site of a house containing the rolls of Chancery
• Rood Lane – after a former rood (cross) set up at St Margaret Pattens in the early 16th century; it became an object of veneration and offering, which helped pay for the repair of the church, but was torn down in 1558 as an item of excessive superstition
• Ropemaker Street – descriptive, after the rope making trade formerly located here
• Rose Alley – after a former inn of this name
• Rose and Crown Court
• Rose Street – after a former tavern of this name here; it was formerly Dicer Lane, possibly after either a dice maker here, or a corruption of ditcher
• Royal Exchange Avenue and Royal Exchange Buildings – after the adjacent Royal Exchange
• Russia Row – possibly to commemorate Russia's entry into the Napoleonic wars

S

• St Alphage Garden and St Alphage Highwalk – after the adjacent St Alphege London Wall church, now surviving only in ruins
• St Andrew Street – after the adjacent St Andrew's Church
• St Andrew's Hill – after the adjacent St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe church
• St Benet's Place – after the former St Benet Gracechurch which stood near here; destroyed in the Great Fire, its replacement was then demolished in 1868
• St Botolph Row and St Botolph Street – after the adjacent St Botolph's Aldgate church
• St Clare Street – after a former church/convent here of the Little Sisters of St Clare
• St Dunstan's Alley, St Dunstan's Hill and St Dunstan's Lane – after the former St Dunstan-in-the-East church, largely destroyed in the Blitz and now a small garden
• St Dunstan's Court – after the nearby St Dunstan-in-the-West church
• St Georges Court – after the former St George Botolph Lane church nearby, demolished in 1904
• St Giles Terrace – after the adjacent St Giles-without-Cripplegate church
• St James's Passage – after St James Duke's Place church, demolished 1874
• St Katherine's Row – after the St Katherine Coleman church, demolished in 1926
• St Margaret's Close – after the adjacent St Margaret Lothbury church
• St Martin's le Grand – after a former church of this name here, demolished in 1538
• St Mary at Hill – after the St Mary-at-Hill church here
• St Mary Axe – after the former Church of St Mary Axe here, demolished in the 1500s
• St Michael's Alley – after the adjacent St Michael, Cornhill church
• St Mildred's Court – after the former St Mildred, Poultry church, demolished 1872
• St Olave's Court – after the former St Olave Old Jewry church here, of which only the tower remains
• St Paul's Churchyard – after the adjacent St Paul's Cathedral; the churchyard was formerly far more extensive, but has since been built over
• St Peter's Alley – after the adjacent St Peter upon Cornhill church
• St Swithins Lane – after the former St Swithin, London Stone, largely destroyed in the Blitz and later demolished
• Salisbury Court and Salisbury Square – after the London house of the bishops of Salisbury, located here prior to the Reformation
• Salters Court – after the former hall of the Worshipful Company of Salters, moved in 1600
• Salter's Hall Court – after the former hall of the Worshipful Company of Salters, destroyed in the Blitz
• Sandy's Row – after a builder or property owner of this name
• Saracens Head Yard – after a former inn of this name
• Savage Gardens – after Thomas Savage, who owned a house here in the 1620s
• Scott's Lane
• Seething Lane – formerly Shyvethenestrat and Sivethenelane, deriving from Old English, meaning 'chaff/siftings', after the local corn threshing
• Serjeants Inn – after the former Serjeant's Inn located here before the Blitz
• Sermon Lane – thought to be after Adam la Sarmoner, 13th-century landowner
• Shafts Court – named after a maypole (or 'shaft') that formerly stood nearby at the junction of Leadenhall Street and St Mary Axe
• Sherborne Lane – earlier Shirebourne Lane, alteration of the Medieval Shitteborelane, in reference to a public privy here
• Ship Tavern Passage – after the nearby Ship tavern
• Shoe Lane – as this lane formerly led to a shoe-shaped landholding/field
• Shorter Street
• Silk Street – thought to be named for its late 18th-century builder, or the silk trade formerly located here
• Sise Lane – as it formerly led to St Benet Sherehog church, which was dedicated to St Osyth (later corrupted to Sythe, then Sise)
• Skinners Lane – after the fur trade that was former prevalent here; it was formerly Maiden Lane, after a local inn or shop
• Smithfield Street and West Smithfield – derives from the Old English 'smooth-field', a series of fields outside the City walls
• Snow Hill and Snow Hill Court – formerly Snore Hill or Snowrehill, exact meaning unknown
• Southampton Buildings – after Southampton House which formerly stood here, built for the bishops of Lincoln in the 12th century and later acquired by the earls of Southampton
• South Place and South Place Mews – named as it is south of Moorfields
• Southwark Bridge – as it leads to Southwark
  • Speed Highwalk – after John Speed, Stuart-era mapmaker, who is buried in the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate Staining Lane – from Saxon-era, meaning place owned by the people of Staines
• Staple Inn and Staple Inn Buildings – after the adjacent Staple Inn
• Star Alley – after a former inn here of this name
• Stationer's Hall Court – after the adjacent hall of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers
• Steelyard Passage – after the Hanseatic League Base, now under Cannon St. Station
• Stew Lane – after a former stew (hot bath) here
• Stonecutter Street – after the former stonecutting trade that took place here
• Stone House Court – after a former medieval building here called the Stone House
• Stoney Lane – simply a descriptive name, streets typically being mud tracks in former times
• Suffolk Lane – after a former house here belonging to the dukes of Suffolk
• Sugar Bakers Court – presumably descriptive
• Sugar Quay Walk – presumably descriptive
• Sun Court
• Sun Street and Sun Street Passage – after a former inn of this name
• Swan Lane – after a former inn here called the Olde Swanne; formerly Ebbgate, after a watergate here
• Swedeland Court – after the former Swedish community based here

T

• Talbot Court – after a former inn of this name (or Tabard)
• Tallis Street – after the 16th-century composer Thomas Tallis, by connection with the adjacent former Guildhall School of Music and Drama
• Telegraph Street – renamed (from Bell Alley, after a former inn) when the General Post Office's telegraph department opened there
• Temple Avenue and Temple Lane – after the adjacent Temple legal district
• The Terrace (off King's Bench Walk) – presumably descriptive
• Thavies Inn – after a house here owned by the armourer Thomas (or John) Thavie in the 14th century
• Thomas More Highwalk – after 16th-century author and statesman Thomas More
• Threadneedle Street and Threadneedle Walk – originally Three Needle Street, after the sign on a needle shop located here, later corrupted due to the obvious collocation of 'thread' and 'needle'
• Three Barrels Walk
• Three Cranes Walk
• Three Nun Court
• Three Quays Walk
• Throgmorton Avenue and Throgmorton Street – after 16th-century diplomat Nicholas Throckmorton; the Avenue was built in 1876
• Tokenhouse Yard – after a 17th-century token house here (a house selling tokens during coin shortages)
• Took's Court – after local 17th-century builder/owner Thomas Tooke
• Tower Hill Terrace – after the adjacent Tower Hill
• Tower Royal – after a former Medieval tower and later royal lodging house that stood here; Royal is in fact a corruption of La Réole, France, where local wine merchants hailed from
• Trig Lane – after one of several people with the surname Trigge, recorded here in the Middle Ages
• Trinity Square – after the adjacent Trinity House
• Trump Street – unknown, but thought to be after either a local builder or property owner or the local trumpet-making industry
• Tudor Street – after the Tudor dynasty, with reference to Henry VIII's nearby Bridewell Palace
• Turnagain Lane – descriptive, as it is a dead-end; recorded in the 13th century as Wendageyneslane

U

• Undershaft – named after a maypole (or 'shaft') that formerly stood nearby at the junction of Leadenhall Street and St Mary Axe
• Union Court – named as when built it connected Wormwood Street to Old Broad Street

V

• Victoria Avenue – named in 1901 in honour of Queen Victoria
• Victoria Embankment – after Queen Victoria, reigning queen at the time of the building of the Thames Embankment
• Vine Street – formerly Vine Yard, unknown but thought to be ether from a local inn or a vineyard
• Vintners Court – after the adjacent Worshipful Company of Vintners building; the area has been associated with the wine trade as far back as the 10th century
• Viscount Street – formerly Charles Street, both names after the Charles Egerton, Viscount Brackley, of which there were three in the 17th–18th centuries

W

• Waithman Street – after Robert Waithman, Lord Mayor of London 1823–1833
• Walbrook and Walbrook Wharf – after the Walbrook stream which formerly flowed here, possibly with reference to the Anglo-Saxon meaning 'foreigner' (i.e. the native Britons, or 'Welsh')
• Wardrobe Place and Wardrobe Terrace – after the Royal Wardrobe which formerly stood here until destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666
• Warwick Lane, Warwick Passage and Warwick Square – after the Neville family, earls of Warwick, who owned a house near here in the 1400s; formerly Old Dean's Lane, after a house here resided in by the Dean of St Paul's
• Watergate – after a watergate which stood here on the Thames
• Water Lane – after a former watergate that stood here by the Thames; formerly Spurrier Lane
• Watling Court and Watling Street – corrupted from the old name of Athelingestrate (Saxon Prince Street), by association with the more famous Roman Watling Street
• Well Court – after the numerous wells formerly located in this area
• Whalebone Court
• Whitecross Place
• Whitecross Street – after a former white cross which stood near here in the 1200s
• Whitefriars Street – after the Carmelite order (known as the White friars), who were granted land here by Edward I
• White Hart Court – after a former inn of this name
• White Hart Street
• White Horse Yard – after a former inn of this name
• White Kennett Street – after White Kennett, rector of St Botolph's Aldgate in the early 1700s
• White Lion Court – after a former inn of this name, destroyed by fire in 1765
• White Lion Hill – this formerly led to White Lion Wharf, which is thought to have been named after a local inn
• White Lyon Court
• Whittington Avenue – after Richard Whittington, former Lord Mayor of London
• Widegate Street – thought to be after a gate that formerly stood on this street; formerly known as Whitegate Alley
• Willoughby Highwalk – presumably after Sir Francis Willoughby, who is buried in the nearby St Giles-without-Cripplegate Church
• Wilson Street
• Wine Office Court – after an office here that granted licenses to sell wine in the 17th century
• Wood Street – as wood and fire logs were sold here as part of the Cheapside market
• Wormwood Street – after the wormwood formerly grown here for medicine
• Wrestler's Court – after a former Tudor-era house here of this name

See also

• List of eponymous roads in London

References

Citations

Sources

• Book: Ekwall, Eilert. Street-Names of the City of London. Clarendon Press. 1954 .
• Book: Fairfield, Sheila. The Streets Of London: A Dictionary Of The Names And Their Origins. Papermac. 1983. 978-0-333-28649-4.
• Book: Bebbington, Gillian. London Street Names. registration. BT Batsford. 1972. 978-0-333-28649-4.

Notes and References

1. Book: Mills, A.D.. A Dictionary of London Place-Names. Oxford University Press. 2010. 9780199566785. 4.
2. Ben Weinreb and Christopher Hibbert (1983) The London Encyclopedia. London, BCA:14
3. Gillian Bebbington (1972) Street Names of London. London, Batsford: 21
4. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=62998 'Aldermary Churchyard – Aldgate Ward', A Dictionary of London (1918)
5. Web site: London's Alleys – Barbon Alley, EC3 . IanVisits . 4 December 2017 . 29 January 2019.
6. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=46749 Book 2, Ch. 6: Bassishaw Ward, A New History of London: Including Westminster and Southwark (1773), pp. 549–51
7. Web site: Robert Brandon (d.1369) . Barbican Living . 17 October 2015 . 14 July 2021.
8. Fairfield, S. The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins, p60
9. Web site: Peter Ackroyd's London . https://web.archive.org/web/20160227064308/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/722279/Peter-Ackroyds-London.html . dead . 27 February 2016 . 10 November 2017.
10. Mills, D. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names. .
11. Web site: The secrets of London's Square Mile. 20 November 2017.
12. Web site: Goswell Road. Golden Lane Estate. 2007-05-10.
13. Web site: Smithfield Fair. Barbican Living. 2007-05-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20060210155325/http://barbicanliving.co.uk/history/periods/smithfield.htm. 10 February 2006.
14. Fairfield, S. The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins, p161
15. Book: Besant, Walter. Walter Besant. Mitton, Geraldine. Holborn and Bloomsbury. Adam and Charles Black. London. 1903. Project Gutenberg, 2007. The Fascination of London. 13 August 2008.
16. Web site: Houndsditch. Hidden-london.com.
17. Web site: Lauderdale Tower . https://web.archive.org/web/20040820014106/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=110660 . dead . 20 August 2004 . Emporis Buildings . 11 January 2007.