| Stokke | |
| Former: | yes |
| Idnumber: | 0720 |
| County: | Vestfold |
| District: | Vestfold |
| Capital: | Stokke |
| Established: | 1 Jan 1838 |
| Preceded: | none |
| Disestablished: | 1 Jan 2017 |
| Succeeded: | Sandefjord Municipality |
| Demonym: | Stokkesokning |
| Language: | Bokmål[1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 118.36 |
| Area Land Km2: | 115.59 |
| Area Water Km2: | 2.77 |
| Area Water Percent: | 2.3 |
| Population As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Total: | 11657 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Coordinates: | 59.24°N 10.2708°W |
| Former Name: | Stokke herred |
Stokke is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 118km2 municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution on 1 January 2017. The area is now part of Sandefjord Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Stokke. Other main villages in Stokke included Vear, Melsomvik, Storevar, and Valberg.
Upon its dissolution, the 118km2 municipality had a population of 11,657. The municipality's population density is .[2] [3]
The parish of Stokke was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1901, the island of Håøya (population: 70) was transferred from Stokke to the neighboring Nøtterøy municipality. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the island of Veierland (population: 165) was transferred from Stokke to the neighboring Nøtterøy municipality. Then on 1 January 1967, there was a very small boundary adjustment between the municipalities of Sem and Stokke: an area of Sem (population: 2) and an area of Stokke (population: 5) were swapped.[4] [5]
During a nationwide municipal reform by the Solberg Cabinet, 77.8 percent of Stokke residents voted to merge with Sandefjord during the September 2015 elections. On 1 January 2017, a municipal merger took place: the municipalities of Sandefjord (population: 45,820), Stokke (population: 11,657), and Andebu (population: 5,937) were merged to form a new, larger Sandefjord Municipality. Stokke now makes up the central part of the new municipality.[6] [7] On the same date, the village of Vear was transferred from the old Stokke municipality to the neighboring Tønsberg Municipality.[8]
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Stokke farm (Norse, Old: Stokkar) since the first Stokke Church was built there. The name is the plural form of Norse, Old: stokkr which means "log" or "stick". This is probably referring to some hills/ridges near the local church site.[9]
The coat of arms was granted on 13 January 1984. The official blazon is "Gules, three s Or" (Norwegian: I rødt tre opprette kvistede gull trestammer). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a set of three s. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The arms are canting since means "sticks" or "logs". The arms show three to represent the three main parishes in the municipality: Stokke, Skjee and Arnadal. The arms were designed by Truls Nygaard, who based it off an original proposal by Hallvard Trætteberg which was further developed by Hans Gerhard Sørensen. The municipal flag had the same design as the coat of arms.[10] [11] [12]
The Church of Norway had three parishes (Norwegian: sokn) within the municipality of Stokke. It is part of the Sandefjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg.
| Arnadal | Arnadal Church | Fossnes | 1882 | ||
| Skjee | Skjee Church | Skjee | c. 1100 | ||
| Stokke | Stokke Church | Stokke | 1886 |
About 16,000 historic artifacts have been found at Brunstad in Stokke, mostly tools made out of flint but also roughly sixty hearths. The first recorded grave from Mesolithic times is also found here and dated to 5900 BCE.[13]
Leading up to 2017, Stokke residents were deciding whether or not to remain as an independent municipality or if they should merge with a neighboring municipality. Relatively few Stokke residents read Sandefjords Blad, the main newspaper of Sandefjord, and few residents reside or work in the city of Sandefjord. The wealthiness of Sandefjord, however, was often used as an argument for the merger with Sandefjord. Its international airport Sandefjord Airport, Torp was also seen as a deciding factor for Stokke's decision to merge into Sandefjord. For the village of Vear, on the other hand, a majority of residents preferred a merge into neighboring Tønsberg. Consequentially, the village was transferred into Tønsberg on 1 January 2017, the day Stokke joined Sandefjord. Vear is home to 2,500 residents as of 2016, which made up 22 percent of Stokke's total population prior to the merge.
See main article: Sundås battery. Remains of a fort, the Sundås battery, can be found across the Tønsbergfjorden from Håøya Island. The fortifications were constructed in the late 19th century during turbulent times with Sweden during the Union between Sweden and Norway. It was part of the newly established Norwegian Coastal Artillery (Norwegian: Kystartilleriet). The fort was erected to keep potential enemies from entering Tønsberg by sea, and was also meant to protect the Marine harbor in the village of Melsomvik. Work on the fort began in 1897, and the forts at both Håøya Island and Sundåsen were completed in 1899. Trenches, commando posts, fencing, concrete gun pits, and other remains from the fort can still be seen at Sundås. The fort lies by the Tønsbergfjord with surrounding views of Færder Lighthouse and islands such as Håøya, Tjøme, Veierland, and Nøtterøy. The cannons were demolished by German forces in 1942 during the German occupation of Norway. The Norwegian Armed Forces remained in control of the fort from 1945 until 1962, when it became public property.[14] [15] [16]
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[17]
The municipal council Norwegian: (Kommunestyre) of Stokke was made up of representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party.
The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Stokke:[18] [19]
Stokke municipality had a total area of and had a 14km (09miles) long coastline along the Tønsbergfjord. The village of Stokke is located in-between the cities of Tønsberg and Sandefjord. However, Stokke was primarily a rural community and far smaller than its neighbors. Stokke had a variety of recreation areas, including the Storås area, which includes lakes, rivers, historic sites, and an abundance of plant and wildlife species. Another recreational site is located at Bogen, which also includes a beach and an art gallery. Other coastal communities include the villages of Vear, Melsomvik, and Storevar.[20] Islands included Langø, Ravnø, Gåsø, Gåsøkalven, Verjø, Tryteknatten, and others. Lakes include Akersvannet, Gjennestadvannet, Kulerødvannet, Fossnesdammen, and others. The former municipality was located south of Andebu, north of Sandefjord, west of the Tønsbergfjord, and southwest of Tønsberg and Ramnes.
Both the Vestfoldbanen railway line and the European route E18 highway pass through the former municipality. Its highest point was Høgståsen at . The village of Stokke is home to a nature preserve known as Bokemoa, a birch forest located on Raet.[21] The dense forest creates shade and a habitat for mushrooms; over 100 species of mushrooms have been recorded in Bokemoa, including species only found in birch tree forests.[22] [23] [24]
Nature preserves in Stokke include the island of Langøya, Bokemoa, Melsomvik plant and wildlife preserve as well as the lakes Robergvannet and Akersvannet. The island of Langøya lies in the Tønsbergfjorden and is a car-free island consisting of meadows, knolls, salt meadows, small bays, and forests. It became a landscape conservation area in 2006. It is known for its wide variety of rare wildflowers including species such as sea thrift, alternate-leaved golden-saxifrage, cowslip, greater yellow-rattle, sticky catchfly, and many others.
The annual population growth in Stokke was twice as high as Vestfold County as a whole, and the expected life expectancy is higher than the county median. About 13 percent of Stokke's population were first- or second-generation immigrants as of 2014.
European route E18 passes through the former municipality. Vestfoldbanen operates the Stokke Station, a railway station in the village of Stokke. Sandefjord Airport Torp is located on the former border with Sandefjord municipality.
Hiking trails can be found at Trælsodden, Løke, Høgåsen, Grorudvannet, Feen, Furulund, Ramsum, and Borgeskogen. Coastal hiking paths make up a total of in former municipality.[25] Coastal hiking trails can be found in Melsomvik and also a trail connecting Storevar and Rakkevik.
A 3km (02miles) forest hike can be found at Løke, which is a popular forest for collecting mushrooms. A mountain trail is located by Høgåsen, the highest point in the former municipality with an elevation of . The peak can be reached from two trails: from Langevann in Re or from Grorudvannet in Stokke. The shortest hike is from Grorudvannet.
Trælsodden by the Tønsbergfjorden is home to several burial mounds as well as fortifications dated to World War II. Sandy beaches, diving boards and hiking trails can also be found at Trælsodden.[26] At Trælsodden are graves dated to the Iron Age. At the time, sea levels were higher than today, and the graves were consequentially placed near the shoreline. A popular fishing site is located between Trælsodden and Brunstad. The trail goes by the municipal beach at Brunstad, immediately south of Oslofjord Convention Center. During summers, convenience stores and seafood restaurants are open at Brunstad. From Brunstad, the coastal path heads inwards and passes through the Himalayapark, a park offering tree climbing. The trail passes by a home built by singer Jahn Teigen, known as "Teigen's Pyramid". The trail reaches a beach before entering the boat harbor in Rakkevik. It is a 3.5km (02.2miles) hike from Storevar to Melsomvik, and a similar distance between Melsomvik and Brunstad.
Brown bears were common in Stokke until the 1850s, and until the early 1900s, a group of bears lived in the inner parts of Vestfold County. The last Brown bear shot in the county was in Lardal in 1916. The last bear to be shot in Stokke was around 1850 by Andreas Smitten of Russeltvet. A number of local place names derives from its former bears, including Bjønnemyra (Borgen), Bjønnestøkket (Bredholt), Bjønndal (Hauanlia), Bjønneleet (Nedre Anholt), and Bjønnelia (Askerød). Some place names also derive from the Gray wolf, including Ulvekula (Oserød) and Ulvehølet (Rørkollskogen). Other notable mammals in Stokke include the Red fox, European badger, European otter, European pine marten, Short-tailed weasel, European Lynx, Moose, Roe deer, Red deer, European beaver, Mountain hare, Red squirrel, European hedgehog, bats, mice, and rats.[27]
. Norske gaardnavne: Jarlsberg og Larviks amt . 1907 . W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri . 6 . Kristiania, Norge . 27 and 179 . no . Oluf Rygh.