Stockholm Municipality Explained

Stockholm Municipality
Native Name Lang:	sv
Settlement Type:	Municipality
Shield Link:	Coat of arms of Stockholm
Image Blank Emblem:	Logotype of Stockholm Municipality (black).svg
Blank Emblem Type:	Logotype
Blank Emblem Size:	120px
Coordinates:	59.35°N 22°W
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Name:	Sweden
Subdivision Type1:	County
Subdivision Name1:	Stockholm County
Seat Type:	Seat
Seat:	Stockholm
Leader Party:	Social Democrats
Leader Title:	Mayor
Leader Name:	Karin Wanngård
Unit Pref:	Metric
Area Note:	Area as of .
Population Density Km2:	auto
Timezone1:	CET
Utc Offset1:	+1
Timezone1 Dst:	CEST
Utc Offset1 Dst:	+2
Blank Name Sec1:	Province
Blank Info Sec1:	Uppland and Södermanland
Blank1 Name Sec1:	Municipal code
Blank1 Info Sec1:	0180
Iso Code:	SE
Image Map1:	Stockholm by Sentinel-2, 2018-07-16.jpg

Stockholm Municipality or the City of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms kommun or Swedish: Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It has the largest population of the 290 municipalities of the country, but one of the smallest areas, making it the second most densely populated. It is also the most populous municipality in the Nordic countries.

Although legally a municipality with the official proper name, the municipal assembly (Swedish: kommunfullmäktige) has decided to use the name (City of Stockholm in English) whenever possible. This is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality.

Geographically, the city comprises the Stockholm City Centre and two suburban areas, Söderort (South Stockholm) and Västerort (West Stockholm). Administratively, it is subdivided into 14 districts (sometimes incorrectly called "boroughs" in English), which are administered by district councils (Swedish: stadsdelsnämnder).

History

When the first local government acts came into force in Sweden in 1863, the City of Stockholm was one of the then 89 cities of Sweden. A first city council was elected. The area roughly corresponded with today's Innerstaden. Large areas were annexed in 1913, 1916 and 1949. The city was outside Stockholm County until 1968, having its own governor. The local government reform of 1971 made Stockholm a unitary municipality like all others in the country.

Geography

Geographically, the City of Stockholm comprises the central part of the capital (Innerstaden or Stockholm City Centre) as well as the southern and western suburban parts (Söderort or South Stockholm and Västerort or West Stockholm respectively). Of the municipal population, all but 200 people are considered living in the Stockholm urban area, a tätort further extending into ten other municipalities.

Demography

Education

The share of highly educated persons, according to Statistics Sweden's definition: persons with post-secondary education that is three years or longer, is 42.4% (national average: 27.0%).^[1]

Residents with a foreign background

On the 31 of December 2017 the number of people with a foreign background (persons born outside of Sweden or with two parents born outside of Sweden) was 311,401, or 32.79% of the population (949,761 on the 31 of December 2017). On the 31 of December 2002 the number of residents with a foreign background was (per the same definition) 189 938, or 25.05% of the population (758,148 on the 31 of December 2002).^[2] On 31 December 2017 there were 949,761 residents in Stockholm, of which 234,703 people (24.71%) were born in a country other than Sweden. Divided by country in the table below - the Nordic countries as well as the 12 most common countries of birth outside of Sweden for Swedish residents have been included, with other countries of birth bundled together by continent by Statistics Sweden.^[3]

Country of birth^[4]
31 December 2019
1		align=right	725,365
2	Other countries	align=right
3	Asia Other countries	align=right
4	Africa Other countries	align=right	20,832
5		16,448
6		16,238
7		align=right	15,788
8		12,390
9		11,830
10	North America	8,820
11		8,178
12		8,180
13	outside of the EU: other countries	7,016
14		align=right
15		align=right	6,528
16		align=right	5,363
17		4,588
18		4,059
19	/ SFR Yugoslavia/	3,680
20		align=right	3,360
21		align=right	3,001
22		align=right	1,746
23		align=right	1,382
24		align=right	1,350
25		align=right	580
26	Unknown country of birth	align=right	163

Politics

National

These are the election results from the 1973 onwards in the City of Stockholm. The municipality forms one of three municipal constituencies for the Riksdag along with Gothenburg and Malmö. In the Statistics Sweden reports from 1988 to 1998 the exact decimals of the Sweden Democrats were not reported since only parties near the 4% nationwide threshold were reported on.

Riksdag

Year	Turnout	Votes	V	S	MP	C	L	KD	M	SD	ND	F!
1973^[5]	89.1	469,386	9.2	39.4	0.0	14.8	11.2	1.3	23.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
1976^[6]	90.3	471,470	8.8	38.1	0.0	13.3	13.3	0.8	24.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
1979^[7]	89.0	453,287	10.5	37.8	0.0	9.0	11.7	0.8	29.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
1982^[8]	90.0	453,535	10.1	39.4	2.2	7.3	5.9	1.0	33.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
1985^[9]	88.8	453,117	9.6	38.0	1.7	3.7	15.8	0.0	30.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
1988^[10]	84.7	432,490	10.3	33.6	5.0	4.2	14.5	1.8	27.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
1991^[11]	85.7	433,200	7.1	29.8	5.3	2.9	11.4	4.9	30.7	0.0	6.8	0.0
1994^[12]	85.4	438,432	8.4	34.8	5.8	3.2	10.2	3.0	32.2	0.0	1.3	0.0
1998^[13]	81.0	436,295	12.9	27.2	5.8	1.7	7.5	8.9	33.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
2002^[14]	80.7	458,005	10.8	31.3	6.7	1.7	19.5	6.5	21.0	1.0	0.0	0.0
2006^[15]	82.4	482,455	7.4	23.2	9.3	5.7	10.1	5.0	35.1	1.6	0.0	1.4
2010^[16]	85.0	534,887	7.4	20.9	12.2	6.3	8.6	5.3	34.3	3.2	0.0	0.9
2014^[17]	85.8	581,065	7.7	21.6	11.2	4.9	7.9	4.3	27.7	6.6	0.0	7.2
2018^[18]	87.3	611,206	13.1	23.8	7.7	9.1	7.9	4.9	21.9	9.8	0.0	0.7

Blocs

This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 1988 to 2006, but also the Christian Democrats pre-1991 and the Greens in 1982, 1985 and 1991. The sources are identical to the table above. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. New Democracy got elected in 1991 but are still listed as "other" due to the short lifespan of the party. "Elected" is the total number of percentage points from the municipality that went to parties who were elected to the Riksdag.

Year	Turnout	Votes	Left	Right	SD	Other	Elected
1973	89.1	469,386	48.6	49.3	0.0	2.1	97.9
1976	90.3	471,470	46.9	51.4	0.0	1.7	98.3
1979	89.0	453,287	48.3	49.9	0.0	1.8	98.2
1982	90.0	453,535	49.5	46.9	0.0	3.6	96.4
1985	88.8	453,117	47.6	49.7	0.0	2.7	97.3
1988	84.7	432,490	48.9	46.3	0.0	4.8	95.2
1991	85.7	433,200	36.9	49.9	0.0	13.2	93.6
1994	85.4	438,432	49.0	48.6	0.0	2.4	97.6
1998	81.0	436,295	45.9	51.8	0.0	2.3	97.7
2002	80.7	458,005	48.8	48.7	0.0	3.5	96.5
2006	82.4	482,455	39.9	55.9	0.0	4.2	95.8
2010	85.0	534,887	40.5	54.5	3.2	1.8	98.2
2014	85.8	581,065	40.5	44.8	6.6	8.1	91.9
2018	87.3	611,206	44.6	43.7	9.8	1.9	98.1

Local

The municipality is governed by a Municipal assembly (kommunfullmäktige) with 101 members. These are elected through municipal elections, held in conjunction with the Parliamentary elections every four years. The council meets twice a month and the meetings are open to the public. The council elects a Municipal executive committee (kommunstyrelse), with 13 members representing both the political majority and the opposition, with the responsibility of implementing policies approved by the assembly. The political organisation also includes eight governing full-time Commissioners (borgarråd) and four Commissioners representing the opposition. The work is headed by the Commissioner of Finance (finansborgarråd, sometimes called Mayor), who also chairs the executive committee. The current Commissioner of Finance is Karin Wanngård, representing the Social democrats.

Following the 2014 municipal elections, the seats are divided in the following way:
The governing parties		Parties in opposition
The Social Democrats	24		28
	10		9
	16	The Christian Democrats	2
The Feminist Initiative	3	The Centre Party	3
			6

Following the 2010 municipal elections, the seats are divided in the following way:
The governing parties		Parties in opposition
The Moderate Party	38	The Social Democrats	25
The Liberal People's Party	10	The Left Party	8
The Christian Democrats	1	The Green Party	16
The Centre Party	3

Following the 2006 municipal elections, the seats are divided in the following way:
The governing parties		Parties in opposition
The Moderate Party	39	The Social Democrats	27
The Liberal People's Party	10	The Left Party	9
The Christian Democrats	3	The Green Party	10
		The Centre Party	1

Following the 2002 municipal elections, the seats were divided in the following way:
The governing parties		Parties in opposition
The Social Democrats	35	The Moderate Party	27
The Left Party	11	The Liberal People's Party	17
The Green Party	6	The Christian Democrats	5

Municipal elections 1994–2014

Year	Sweden Democrats			Moderate Party			Christian Democrats			Centre Party			Liberals			Stockholm Party			Green Party			Feminist Initiative			Social Democrats			Left Party			others
	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
1994				128,975	28,7	29	9,399	2,1	0	24,329	5,4	5	35,437	7,9	9	15,309	3,4	2	35,120	7,8	8				148,684	33,0	37	41,274	9,2	11	11,533	2,5	0
1998				146,797	32,9	35	28,320	6,4	6	9,187	2,1	0	34,789	7,8	9	19,561	4,4	3	26,347	5,9	6				114,118	25,6	28	54,663	12,3	13	20,411	4,5	0
2002				121,405	26,0	27	20,746	4,4	5	5,939	1,2	0	73,736	15,7	17	9,137	1,9	0	24,965	5,3	6				149,871	32,0	35	52,325	11,2	11	8,772	1,8	0
2006				180,207	37,3	41	18,907	3,9	3	15,205	3,1	1	46,657	9,6	10	5,831	1,2	0	44,530	9,2	10				118,129	24,4	27	38,284	7,9	9	16,084	2,6	0
2010				184,344	34,4	38	18,705	3,5	1	21,335	4,0	3	53,770	10,0	10				74,437	13,9	16				121,273	22,6	25	39,920	7,4	8	22,710	4,2	0
2014	30,078	5,2	6	158,450	28,1	28	19,125	3,3	2	27,369	4,7	3	48,302	8,3	9				83,561	14,3	16	27,079	4,6	3	128,086	22,0	24	52,146	8,9	10	9,137	1,6	0

Stockholm Party is a local party, which was represented in the City Council 1979–2002.

Municipal Election 2018

On September 9, 2018 Stockholm held Municipality Elections

Party		Votes			Seats
		Number	%	+/−	Number	+/−
bgcolor=		Social Democrats	137,874	22,30	+0,34	23	-1
	Moderate Party	129,725	20,98	-6,18	22	-6
bgcolor=		Left Party	80,592	13,03	+4,10	13	+3
bgcolor=		Liberal People's Party	62,271	10,07	+1,79	10	+1
bgcolor=		Green Party	51,531	8,33	-5,99	9	-7
bgcolor=		Sweden Democrats	49,238	7,96	+2,81	8	+2
bgcolor=		Centre Party	48,786	7,89	+3,20	8	+5
	Christian Democrats	31,198	5,05	+1,77	5	+3
	Feminist Initiative	20,387	3,30	-1,34	3	+/-0
	Others	6,676	1,08	-0,49	0	+/−0
	Total	583,333	100,00	+/−0	101	+/−0

Board of Commissioners since 2006

• Sten Nordin (m), Commissioner of Finance (after 2008) (finansborgarråd)
• Mikael Söderlund (m), Commissioner of Building and Traffic (byggnads- och trafikborgarråd)
• Ulla Hamilton (m), Commissioner of Environment and Real Estate (miljö och bostadsbolagsborgarråd)
• Lotta Edholm (fp), Commissioner of Education (skolborgarråd)
• Madeleine Sjöstedt (fp), Commissioner of Culture and Sports (kulturborgarråd)
• Kristina Alvendal (m), Commissioner of Housing and Integration (bostads- och integrationsborgarråd)
• Ulf Kristersson (m), Commissioner of Social Services (socialborgarråd)
• Ewa Samuelsson (kd), Commissioner of Senior Citizen's Service (äldrevårdsborgarråd)
• Carin Jämtin (s), Commissioner in Opposition (oppositionsborgarråd)
• Roger Mogert (s), Commissioner in Opposition (oppositionsborgarråd)
• Ann-Margarethe Livh (v), Commissioner in Opposition (oppositionsborgarråd)
• Yvonne Ruwaida (mp), Commissioner in Opposition (oppositionsborgarråd)

District Councils

The municipality is subdivided into 13 districts. These districts are sometimes incorrectly referred to as "boroughs" in English. They are, however, no legal entities or juristic persons of their own, but committees of the municipality itself. These districts are administered by District Councils, stadsdelsnämnder, which carry responsibility for primary school, social, leisure and cultural services within their respective areas. The members of these councils are not directly elected by the inhabitants of the respective districts, but rather appointed by the kommunfullmäktige (municipal assembly).

Effective January 1, 2007 the number of district councils was reduced from 18 to 14 through a number of merges. Maria-Gamla stan and Katarina-Sofia now form Södermalm borough, Enskede-Årsta and Vantör now form Enskede-Årsta-Vantör, Hägersten and Liljeholmen now form Hägersten-Liljeholmen, and Kista and Rinkeby now form Rinkeby-Kista.

Twin Towns - Sister Cities

The policy of Stockholm is to have informal town twinning with all capitals of the world, its main focus being those in northern Europe. Stockholm does not sign any formal town twinning treaties, although other cities claim to have established such treaties in the past which are still valid.^[19]

The cities claiming to have been twinned with Stockholm are:

valign=top

Tirana, Albania ^[20] Warsaw, Poland Kyiv, Ukraine Tunis, Tunisia Cali, Colombia Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1997) ^[21] St. Petersburg, Russia (since 1992)^[22]

valign=top

Istanbul, Turkey Podgorica, Montenegro Reykjavík, Iceland Riga, Latvia ^[23] Khemisset, Morocco

Notable people

• Kerstin Abram-Nilsson (1931-1998), artist, debater, and social activist

Notes and References

1. Web site: Andel högutbildade . Ekonomifakta. December 3, 2019 .
2. http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101Q/UtlSvBakgFin/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=f165c7bd-1b57-4020-b2b2-b0cac2a094a4 Antal personer efter region, utländsk/svensk bakgrund och år
3. Web site: Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017 . . xls . 4 January 2019 . sv.
4. Web site: Population by Country of Birth.
5. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1973 (page 161). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
6. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1976 (page 156). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
7. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1979 (page 180). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
8. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1982 (page 181). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
9. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1985 (page 182). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
10. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1988 (page 163). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
11. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1991 (page 22). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
12. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1994 (page 36). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
13. Web site: Riksdagsvalet 1998 (page 32). SCB. sv. 24 July 2017.
14. Web site: Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2002. Valmyndigheten. sv. 24 July 2017.
15. Web site: Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2006. Valmyndigheten. sv. 24 July 2017.
16. Web site: Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2010. Valmyndigheten. sv. 24 July 2017.
17. Web site: Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2014. Valmyndigheten. sv. 24 July 2017.
18. Web site: Valresultat Riksdag Stockholms kommun 2018. Valmyndigheten. sv. 26 October 2019.
19. http://www.stockholm.se/Extern/Templates/Page.aspx?id=77307 "Internationell strategi"
20. Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
21. Web site: Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site. © City of Sarajevo 2001-2008. 2008-11-09. 2008-12-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20081201150030/http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147. dead.
22. Web site: Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties . Saint Petersburg City Government . 2008-10-23 . dead . https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities . 2009-02-24 .
23. Web site: Riga municipality portal . Riga.lv . 2008-05-20 . 2009-05-06 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081204021323/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_Municipality/Twin_cities_of_Riga/default.htm . December 4, 2008 .