Stigmatopora nigra explained

Stigmatopora nigra, also known as the wide-bodied pipefish is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae. This species can be found in the shallow waters, bays, and estuaries of southern Australia from Shark Bay to Brisbane, Tasmania, and New Zealand.[1] [2] They often inhabit seagrass or algae beds in addition to bare sand.[3] Their diet consists of small crustaceans such as copepods and amphipods.[4] Adult brooding males have been measured at 6.5-7 centimeters. Reproduction occurs through ovoviviparity.[5] in which the males brood up to 25 eggs in a pouch below the tail before giving live birth.[6] Stigmatopora nigra can live to 150 days old and are able to reproduce throughout the year.[7]

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Notes and References

  1. Dawson. C.E.. 1982. Review of the Indo-Pacific pipefish genus Stigmatopora (Syngnathidae). Records of the Australian Museum. 34. 13. 575–605. 10.3853/j.0067-1975.34.1982.243. free.
  2. Book: Indo-Pacific Pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). Dawson. C.E.. 1985. The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory. Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA.
  3. Book: The South-west Marine Region: Ecosystems and Key Species Groups. McClatchie. S.. Middleton. J.. Pattiaratchi. C.. Currie. D.. Kendrick. G.. 2006. Department of the Environment and Water Resources.
  4. Kendrick. A.J.. Hyndes. G.A.. 2005. Variations in the dietary compositions of morphologically diverse syngnathid fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 72. 4 . 415–427. 10.1007/s10641-004-2597-y. 23797922 .
  5. Book: Modes of reproduction in fishes . Breder . C.M. . Rosen . D.E. . 1966 . T.F.H. Publications. Neptune City, New Jersey.
  6. Browne. R.K.. Smith. K.. 2007. A new pipefish, Stigmatopora narinosa(Syngnathidae) from south Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria. 64. 1–6. 10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.1. free.
  7. Parkinson. K.L.. Booth. D.J.. 2016. Rapid growth and short life spans characterize pipefish populations in vulnerable seagrass beds. Journal of Fish Biology . 88 . 5 . 1847–1855 . 10.1111/jfb.12950. 27005315 . 10453/43983. free.

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