Steve Gerber Explained

Birth Name:Stephen Ross Gerber
Birth Date:1947 9, mf=yes
Birth Place:St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Death Place:Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
Nationality:American
Write:y
Edit:y
Alias:Reg Everbest
Notable Works:Howard the Duck
The Defenders
Man-Thing
Omega the Unknown
Awards:Eagle Award, 1977
Inkpot Award, 1978
Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame, 2010
Bill Finger Award, 2013

Stephen Ross Gerber (; September 20, 1947[1] – February 10, 2008)[2] was an American comic book writer and creator of the satiric Marvel Comics character Howard the Duck. Other works include Man-Thing, Omega the Unknown, Marvel Spotlight: "Son of Satan", The Defenders, Marvel Presents: "Guardians of the Galaxy", Daredevil and Foolkiller. Gerber often included lengthy text pages in the midst of comic book stories, such as in his graphic novel, Stewart the Rat. Gerber was posthumously inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2010.

Biography

Early life

Steve Gerber was born to a Jewish family in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Bernice Gerber,[3] and one of four children, with siblings Jon, Michael, and Lisa. A letter from Steve Gerber of "7014 Roberts Court, University City 30, Mo." was published in Fantastic Four #19 (Oct. 1963). Other letters from Steve Gerber appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #26 (April 1965) and Captain America #118 (October 1969). After corresponding with fellow youthful comics fans Roy Thomas and Jerry Bails, and starting one of the first comics fanzines, Headline, at age 13 or 14, Gerber attended college at the University of Missouri–St. Louis, the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri, and St. Louis University, where he finished his communications degree.[4]

Career

Gerber began work as a copywriter for a St. Louis advertising agency. During this time he wrote short stories, some of which, such as "And the Birds Hummed Dirges," later appeared in Crazy Magazine during his stint as editor.[5]

In early 1972, Gerber asked Thomas, by this time Marvel editor-in-chief, about writing comics; Thomas sent him a writer's test – six pages of a Daredevil car-chase scene drawn by Gene Colan – which Gerber passed. He accepted a position as an associate editor and writer at Marvel Comics. Thomas said in 2007,

Gerber's comics writing career at Marvel began with three comic books cover-dated December 1972: Adventure into Fear #11, The Incredible Hulk #158, and a collaboration with writer Carole Seuling on Shanna the She-Devil.[6] Gerber initially penned superhero stories for titles such as Daredevil (20 issues), Iron Man (three issues) and Sub-Mariner (11 issues).[7] Gerber penned anthological horror-fantasy stories for Creatures on the Loose (adaptations of Lin Carter's Thongor), Monsters Unleashed, Chamber of Chills and Journey into Mystery and humor pieces for Crazy Magazine, becoming editor of that satirical magazine for issues #11–14.

The Man-Thing and Howard the Duck

Gerber scripted one of his signature series, Man-Thing, about a swamp-monster empath, beginning in Adventure into Fear #11 (Dec. 1972).[8] On page 11 of that issue, he created the series' narrative tagline, used in captions: "Whatever knows fear burns at the Man-Thing's touch!" After issue #19 (Dec. 1973), Man-Thing received a solo title, which ran 22 issues (Jan. 1974 – Oct. 1975), of which issue #1 was originally intended for Adventure into Fear #20. Gerber and Mayerik introduced the original Foolkiller in issue #3 (March 1974).[9] In the final issue, Gerber appeared as a character in the story, claiming he had not been inventing the Man-Thing's adventures but simply reporting on them and that he had decided to move on.

With penciler Val Mayerik, Gerber created Howard the Duck as a secondary character in a Man-Thing story in Adventure into Fear #19 and Man-Thing #1 (Dec. 1973 - Jan. 1974).[10] Howard graduated to his own backup feature in Giant-Size Man-Thing #4-5, confronting such bizarre horror-parody characters as Garko the Man-Frog and Bessie the Hellcow, before acquiring his own comic-book title with Howard the Duck #1 (Jan. 1976).[11] Gerber wrote 27 issues of the series, penciled initially by Frank Brunner and shortly afterward by Gene Colan.[12] The series gradually developed a substantial cult following, which Marvel helped to promote by Howard's satiric entry into the 1976 U.S. presidential campaign under the auspices of the All-Night Party.[13]

Marvel attempted a spin-off with a short-lived Howard the Duck syndicated comic strip from 1977 to 1978, initially scripted by Gerber and drawn by Colan then Mayerik and finally Alan Kupperberg.[14] Gerber was replaced on the strip in mid-1978, by another comic book writer, Marv Wolfman, creating acrimony. Marvel's then editor-in-chief, Jim Shooter, blamed Gerber's chronic tardiness, saying the creative team was "producing strips within six days of their publication dates," which he said caused several newspapers to drop the strip. Shooter added that while the syndicate threatened to drop the strip if a new writer were not brought in, "Steve can tell you a good number of horror stories – and they're all true – about the trouble we had getting artists."

Other comics work

Gerber often collaborated with writer Mary Skrenes during this period. Among other Marvel projects, Gerber created Omega the Unknown with Skrenes and artist Jim Mooney,[15] which explored the strange link between a cosmic superhero and a boy, and wrote the first issue of Marvel Comics Super Special featuring the rock band KISS.[16] He created the characters of Starhawk,[17] Aleta Ogord, and (with Skrenes) Nikki. He scripted the adventures of Daimon Hellstrom (a.k.a. the Son of Satan), Morbius the Living Vampire, and Dracula's daughter Lilith.

Gerber often revived forgotten characters. In The Defenders, he revived three pre-superhero characters, the Headmen.[18] He reintroduced the 1969 one-time feature Guardians of the Galaxy, first as guest stars in Marvel Two-in-One and The Defenders, then as a feature in Marvel Presents.[19] [20]

Toward the end of his work at Marvel, he wrote Hanna-Barbera stories for Mark Evanier under the anagrammatic pseudonym Reg Everbest. Only two of these, featuring Magilla Gorilla and the Clue Club, were published in English.

Battle for Howard the Duck

In the first half of 1978, Gerber was fired from first the newspaper strip and then the comic book series for failure to meet deadlines.[21] [22] On August 29, 1980, after learning of Marvel's efforts to license Howard for use in film and broadcast media, Gerber filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Marvel corporate parent Cadence Industries and other parties, alleging that he was the sole owner of the character.[22] [23]

DC work

During the mid-1970s and early 1980s, Gerber worked for DC Comics, including an issue of Metal Men,[24] the last three issues of Mister Miracle,[25] The Phantom Zone limited series,[26] [27] and a run of "Doctor Fate" backup stories in The Flash co-written with Martin Pasko.[28] Gerber had planned to write for DC's Time Warp science fiction anthology series, but objected to the submission guidelines for that series.[29] Gerber wrote for independent comic companies. One of Gerber's first major works away from Marvel was the original graphic novel Stewart the Rat for Eclipse Comics, with art by Gene Colan and Tom Palmer. For Eclipse Magazine, Gerber and Mayerik created the anti-censorship horror story, "Role Model/Caring, Sharing, and Helping Others".

Resolution of the court case

In 1981 he teamed with Jack Kirby at Eclipse to create Destroyer Duck, a satirical comic created to raise funds for his court case against Marvel.[30]

The lawsuit was settled on September 24, 1982. Gerber acknowledged that his work on the character had been done as work-for-hire and that Marvel parent Cadence Industries owned "all right, title and interest" to Howard the Duck and related material. On November 5, 1982, Judge David Kenyon approved the motion and dismissed the case.[22]

1980s and 1990s career

In the early 1980s, Gerber and Frank Miller made a joint proposal to revamp DC's three biggest characters, namely Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman;.[31] The proposal was not accepted.

After Marvel had cancelled his contract in May 1978,[32] he returned to Marvel in 1983 with the short-lived Void Indigo.

Gerber was slated to write a new Spectre series in 1986, but he missed the deadline for the first issue so that he could watch the last day of shooting on the Howard the Duck film and DC assigned another writer to the series in response.[33]

Gerber scripted assorted projects for Marvel, including the controversial creator-owned book Void Indigo (1984) for Epic Comics, a serialized, eight-page Man-Thing feature in the anthology series Marvel Comics Presents (Sept. 1988–Feb. 1989), The Legion of Night and the 1991 Suburban Jersey Ninja She-Devils one-shot issue. For DC, his works include A. Bizarro. At Marvel, Gerber scripted a 12-issue run on The Sensational She-Hulk (which featured Howard the Duck). He also scripted three issues of Cloak and Dagger, a Hawkeye story in Avengers Spotlight, and two issues of Toxic Crusaders. During this time he did a serial in Marvel Comics Presents featuring Poison, a character he had created in "The Evolutionary War" crossover. He scripted a A Nightmare on Elm Street black and white magazine format comic book which detailed the backstory of the character of Freddy Krueger.

Television work

In collaboration with Beth Woods (later Slick), Gerber wrote the "Contagion" episode of the syndicated television series .

Gerber's work in television animation included story editor duties on The Transformers, G.I. Joe and Dungeons & Dragons; creating Thundarr the Barbarian;[34] and sharing a 1998 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class – Animated Program, for the WB program The New Batman/Superman Adventures.

Ultraverse

He was one of the founders of the Malibu Comics superhero setting the Ultraverse and co-created Sludge[35] and Exiles. For Image Comics, he co-created The Cybernary with Nick Manabat and disbanded , in addition to guest-writing Pitt.

2000s work

In 2002, he created a new Howard the Duck miniseries for Marvel's MAX line.[36] For DC, he created Nevada for the Vertigo imprint in 1998 with artist Phil Winslade and Hard Time with long-time collaborator Mary Skrenes, which outlasted the short-lived imprint DC Focus, but slow sales led Hard Time: Season Two to be cancelled after only seven issues.[37]

Later, Gerber wrote the Helmet of Fate: Zauriel one-shot and continued writing the Doctor Fate serial in the Countdown to Mystery limited series for DC Comics up to the time of his death, working on stories in the hospital. Gerber died before being able to write the concluding chapter of the serial; in his honor, four separate writers (Adam Beechen, Mark Evanier, Gail Simone, and Mark Waid) provided their own conclusions to the story.

In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Gerber's run on The Defenders first on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels", while Omega the Unknown was 10th on the same list.[38]

Gerber's posthumous Man-Thing story "The Screenplay of the Living Dead Man", with art by Kevin Nowlan, originally planned as a 1980s graphic novel before being left uncompleted by the artist,[39] was revived in the 2010s and appeared as a three-issue miniseries cover-titled The Infernal Man-Thing (early Sept.-Oct. 2012).[40] The story was a sequel to Gerber's "Song-Cry of the Living Dead Man" in Man-Thing #12 (Dec. 1974).

Death

In 2007, Gerber was diagnosed with an early stage of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and was eventually hospitalized while continuing to work. He had gotten onto the waiting list for a lung transplant at UCLA Medical Center. On February 10, 2008, Gerber died in a Las Vegas hospital from complications stemming from his condition.[41] [42] His final comics work was writing Countdown to Mystery: Doctor Fate for DC Comics, having briefly worked with a version of the character in 1982.

At the time of his death, Gerber was separated from his wife, Margo Macleod. He had a daughter, Samantha Gerber.

In fiction

One of Gerber's working pen-names, Reg Everbest, was the inspiration behind the first Foolkiller's real name, which was revealed as Ross G. Everbest. Gerber used the anagrammatic Reg Everbest pseudonym for Marvel-published Hanna-Barbera stories after he was banned from Marvel by Jim Shooter. Roger Stern named the original, deceased Foolkiller "Ross G. Everbest" in The Amazing Spider-Man #225, in homage to Gerber,[43] using Gerber's middle name as the character's first name, the middle initial restoring the anagram save for a silent e. The character's real name never appeared in the two Gerber stories, but is seen on a computer screen in the second Foolkiller's van, next to the face of the original user of that identity.

The Marvel Universe villain Thundersword (by Jim Shooter,[44] Al Milgrom and Steve Leialoha) is considered a parody of Gerber and his creation Thundarr the Barbarian.Stewart Cadwall is a TV scriptwriter who acquires superpowers, becomes Thundersword and fights the current state of the media.[45]

Awards and nominations

Bibliography

Comic books

DC Comics

Eclipse Comics

Image Comics

Malibu Comics

Marvel Comics

Star*Reach

Television credits

(Series head writer denoted in bold)

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. "United States Social Security Death Index," index, FamilySearch Stephen R Gerber accessed March 11, 2013, February 10, 2008.
  2. http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Search/ssdi/individual_record.asp?recid=490549418 Social Security Death Index details
  3. Web site: Steve Gerber, Creator of Howard the Duck, Dies at 60. subscription. Margalit. Fox. February 14, 2008. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20170907080517/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/arts/14gerber.html. September 7, 2017. live. mdy-all. with correction appended
  4. Web site: Steve Gerber, 1947–2008. Tom. Spurgeon. Tom Spurgeon. February 11, 2008. Comics Reporter. https://web.archive.org/web/20130515093441/http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/steve_gerber_1947_2008/. May 15, 2013. live. November 29, 2013.
  5. Arnold. Mark. Mark Arnold (historian). Gerber Goes Crazy. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 51–53. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  6. Book: Sanderson. Peter. Peter Sanderson. Gilbert. Laura, ed.. 1970s. Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. 2008. London, United Kingdom. 157. 978-0756641238. Writers Carole Seuling and Steve Gerber crafted Shanna's origin story with artist George Tuska..
  7. Shayer. Jason. Steve Gerber in the Marvel Universe. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 33–40. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  8. Aushenker. Michael. Michael Aushenker. Gerber's Gruesomes: The Quirky Wordsmith's Beastie Books. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 23–32. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  9. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 165: "Writer Steve Gerber made his own comment on the rise of 'grim and gritty' vigilantes when he and artist Val Mayerik created the Foolkiller in Man-Thing #3."
  10. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 161: "December [1973] saw the debut of the cigar-smoking Howard the Duck. In this story by writer Steve Gerber and artist Val Mayerik, various beings from different realities had begun turning up in the Man-Thing's Florida swamp, including this bad-tempered talking duck."
  11. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 174: "Gerber and artist Frank Brunner quickly brought Howard back...in his own comic book."
  12. Ash. Roger. Steve and Howard: A Boy and His Duck. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 3–13. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  13. Book: Daniels, Les. Les Daniels. Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. 1991. New York, New York. 174. 9780810938212. Stan Lee...recalls that the duck received thousands of write-in votes when he ran for President of the United States against Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter in 1976..
  14. Web site: Alan Kupperberg. May 29, 2009. Lambiek Comiclopedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20121024074916/http://www.lambiek.net/artists/k/kupperberg_a.htm. October 24, 2012. live. February 2, 2013. mdy-all.
  15. Callahan. Timothy. Omega the Unknown. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 41–46. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  16. News: The Steve Gerber Interview . Gary . Groth . . December 22, 1978. Fantagraphics Books. Seattle, Washington. October 31, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131031070342/http://www.tcj.com/the-steve-gerber-interview/ . October 31, 2013 . live.
  17. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 170
  18. DeAngelo. Daniel. The Not-Ready-For-Super-Team Players A History of the Defenders. Back Issue!.
    1. 65
    . 7–8. TwoMorrows Publishing. July 2013. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  19. Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 175: "The Guardians of the Galaxy finally received their own ongoing series in Marvel Presents #3, written by Steve Gerber and penciled by Al Milgrom."
  20. Buttery. Jarrod. Explore the Marvel Universe of the 31st Century With...The Guardians of the Galaxy. Back Issue!.
    1. 65
    . 25–26. TwoMorrows Publishing. July 2013. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  21. Marvel Fires Gerber. The Comics Journal.
    1. 41
    . 7. Fantagraphics Books. August 1978. Seattle, Washington.
  22. Web site: All Quacked-Up: Steve Gerber, Marvel Comics, and Howard the Duck. Robert Stanley. Martin. May 28, 2014. HoodedUtilitarian.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529143308/http://www.hoodedutilitarian.com/2014/05/all-quacked-up-steve-gerber-marvel-comics-and-howard-the-duck/. May 29, 2014. dead. June 2, 2014.
  23. Web site: The Howard the Duck Documents. HoodedUtilitarian.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529145709/http://www.hoodedutilitarian.com/2014/05/the-howard-the-duck-documents/. May 29, 2014.
  24. Wells. John. Gerber's Metal Men. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 54–56. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  25. Kingman. Jim. The Miracle Messiah: Steve Gerber's Short-Lived Take on Mister Miracle. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 57–59. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  26. Eury. Michael. Michael Eury. Steve Gerber Discusses The Phantom Zone. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 60–63. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  27. Book: Manning. Matthew K.. Dolan. Hannah, ed.. 1980s. DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. 2010. London, United Kingdom. 978-0-7566-6742-9. 196. DC once again shone the spotlight on Superman's alien past in this four-issue miniseries by writer Steve Gerber and artist Gene Colan..
  28. Riley. Shannon E.. A Matter of (Dr.) Fate Martin Pasko and Keith Giffen Discuss Their Magical Flash Backup Series. Back Issue!.
    1. 64
    . 64–68. TwoMorrows Publishing. May 2013. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  29. Sanderson. Peter. Comics Feature interviews Steve Gerber. Comics Feature.
    1. 12/13
    . 119. New Media Publishing. September–October 1981. [Editor Jack C.] Harris sent me a copy of the writers' guide he had prepared for Time Warp...I stared at that piece of paper for a day or two, then threw it away without showing it to anyone I knew out there. I was too embarrassed by it..
  30. Steve Gerber and Jack Kirby Collaborate on the 'Manslaying Mallard of Vengeance'. Comics Feature.
    1. 12/13
    . 14. New Media Publishing. September–October 1981.
  31. Web site: Comic Book Legends Revealed #254. Cronin, Brian. April 1, 2010. Comic Book Resources. https://web.archive.org/web/20111107200219/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/04/01/comic-book-legends-revealed-254/. November 7, 2011. live. Gerber and Frank Miller pitched DC on revamps of the "Trinity." The three titles would be called by the "line name" of METROPOLIS, with each character being defined by one word/phrase… AMAZON (written by Gerber); DARK KNIGHT (written by Miller); and Something for Superman – I believe either MAN OF STEEL or THE MAN OF STEEL, but I'm not sure about that (written by both men).. November 6, 2011. mdy-all.
  32. https://books.google.com/books?id=agWcDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Gerber%3A+Marvel+cancelled+my+contract+in+May+1978%22&pg=PT65 Steve Gerber: Conversations
  33. News: Zimmerman, Dwight Jon. September 1986. Steve Gerber (part 2). Comics Interview.
    1. 38
    . 6–19. Fictioneer Books.
  34. Weiss. Brett. Remembering Thundarr the Barbarian. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 64–69. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  35. Gagnon. Mike. Sludge Steve Gerber's Muck-Monster With a Difference. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 71–74. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  36. Web site: Steve Gerber: The Dark Duck Returns. Darren. Schroeder. July 20, 2001. SilverBulletComicBooks.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20020815054620/http://www.silverbulletcomicbooks.com/features/99564488180361.htm. August 15, 2002 . dead. February 3, 2013.
  37. Ash. Roger. A Hard Time in Nevada. Back Issue!.
    1. 31
    . 75–79. TwoMorrows Publishing. December 2008. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  38. Web site: Top 10 1970s Marvels. Jason. Sacks. February 19, 2017. Comics Bulletin. https://web.archive.org/web/20130801070005/http://www.comicsbulletin.com/columns/447/top-10-1970s-marvels. August 1, 2013. live. August 3, 2013. mdy-all.
  39. Web site: The Next Big-Wait Project Emerges: Man-Thing by Gerber and Nowlan . September 21, 2011 . Chris . Arrant . . February 14, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120101035505/http://robot6.comicbookresources.com/2011/09/the-next-big-wait-project-emerges-man-thing-by-gerber-and-nowlan/ . January 1, 2012 . live.
  40. http://www.comics.org/series/66559/ Infernal Man-Thing
  41. Web site: Mark Evanier. Evanier. Mark. Steve Gerber, R.I.P.. NewsFromMe.com. February 11, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20100813103834/http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2008_02_11.html#014809. August 13, 2010. dead. mdy-all.
  42. Web site: Brady. Matt. Steve Gerber Passes Away. Newsarama.com. February 11, 2008. https://archive.today/20100725225517/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=146401. July 25, 2010. dead. mdy-all.
  43. Web site: Steve Gerber. Jeff. Christiansen. July 21, 2013. Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe . https://web.archive.org/web/20140808064151/http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix4/gerber_steve.htm. August 8, 2014 . live.
  44. Web site: Shooter . Jim . Jim Shooter . More Strange Tales – JimShooter.com . jimshooter.com . 12 April 2022 . en . July 16, 2011 . Stewart Cadwall was the name. Originally it was "Gadwall." A Gadwall is a duck. Mike Hobson advised going to "Cadwall," so as to leave ducks — obviously a sore spot — out of it. It wasn't an "anti-Steve Gerber caricature," though it was meant to poke some fun at Steve. Steve loved it. He even sent me a rave fan letter..
  45. News: Cronin . Brian . Meta-Messages - Jim Shooter's "Secret War" on Steve Gerber . 12 April 2022 . . 4 January 2014 . en.
  46. Web site: Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1977. 2013. Eagle Awards. https://web.archive.org/web/20131023125822/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1977/. October 23, 2013. dead. November 3, 2013. mdy-all.
  47. Web site: Inkpot Awards. 2013. San Diego Comic-Con International. https://web.archive.org/web/20131030095134/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot. October 30, 2013. live. November 3, 2013.
  48. Web site: Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1978. 2013. Eagle Awards. https://web.archive.org/web/20131023124254/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1978/. October 23, 2013. dead. November 3, 2013. mdy-all.
  49. Web site: Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1979. 2013. Eagle Awards. https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060235/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1979/. October 23, 2013. dead. November 3, 2013. mdy-all.
  50. Web site: Eagle Awards Previous Winners 1980. 1980. Eagle Awards. https://web.archive.org/web/20131023124342/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1980/. October 23, 2013. dead. November 3, 2013. mdy-all.
  51. Web site: Bram Stoker Award Winners. 2013. FSPL.org/bramstokerlist. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002642/http://www.fspl.org/bramstokerlist. November 4, 2013 . live. November 3, 2013.
  52. Web site: Horror Writers' Association Bram Stoker Awards. 2012. Comic Book Awards Almanac. https://web.archive.org/web/20131024235643/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/other.html. October 24, 2013. live. November 3, 2013.
  53. Web site: 2010s Eisner Awards Recipients. 2013. San Diego Comic-Con International. https://web.archive.org/web/20131030093534/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/eisner-award-recipients-2010-present. October 30, 2013. live. November 3, 2013.
  54. Web site: Bill Finger Award Recipients Announced. May 17, 2013 . San Diego Comic-Con. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090754/http://www.comic-con.org/toucan/bill-finger-award-recipients-announced. live. mdy-all.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Steve Gerber".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.