Steuben Glass Works Explained

Steuben Glass is an American art glass manufacturer, founded in the summer of 1903 by Frederick Carder and Thomas G. Hawkes in Corning, New York, which is in Steuben County, from which the company name was derived. Hawkes was the owner of the largest cut glass firm then operating in Corning. Carder was an Englishman (born September 18, 1863) who had many years' experience designing glass for Stevens & Williams in England. Hawkes purchased the glass blanks for his cutting shop from many sources and eventually wanted to start a factory to make the blanks himself. Hawkes convinced Carder to come to Corning and manage such a factory. Carder, who had been passed over for promotion at Stevens and Williams, consented to do so.

In 1918, Steuben was acquired by Corning Glass Works and became the Steuben Division.[1]

In July 2008, Steuben was sold by Corning Incorporated for an undisclosed price to Schottenstein Stores,[2] which also owns 51% of Retail Ventures, a holding company for DSW, Filene's Basement, and formerly Value City Department Stores; Value City Furniture, which changed its name to American Signature Furniture; 15% of American Eagle Outfitters, retail liquidator SB Capital Group, some 50 shopping centers, and 5 factories producing its shoes, furniture and crystal.

On September 15, 2011, Schottenstein announced it was shutting down Steuben's Corning factory and Manhattan store, ending the company's 108-year history. Soon after, Corning Incorporated repurchased the Steuben brand. In early 2014, The Corning Museum of Glass announced that it would work with independent contractors to reproduce Steuben using a new, lead-free formula and their classic leaded crystal.[3]

Carder period (1903–1932)

Steuben Glass Works started operation in October 1903. Carder produced blanks for Hawkes and also began producing cut glass himself. Carder's great love was colored glass and had been instrumental in the reintroduction of colored glass while at Stevens and Williams. When Steuben's success at producing blanks for Hawkes became assured, Carder began to experiment with colored glass and continued experiments that were started in England. He soon perfected Gold Aurene which was similar to iridescent art glass that was being produced by Tiffany and others. Gold Aurene was followed by a wide range of colored art glass that eventually was produced in more than 7,000 shapes and 140 colors.

Steuben Glass Works continued to produce glass of all sorts until World War I. At that time war time restrictions made it impossible for Steuben to acquire the materials needed to continue manufacture. The company was subsequently sold to Corning Glass Works and became the Steuben Division. Carder continued as Division manager without any real change in the company's operation except that he now had reporting responsibilities to Corning Glass Works' management. Corning's management tried, mostly unsuccessfully, to limit the articles that Steuben made to only the most popular. Production continued until about 1932.

In 1932, there was a major change in Steuben management. The nationwide depression had limited the sale of Steuben and there was a lessening of public interest in colored glass. In February 1932, John MacKay was appointed to Carder's position. Carder became Art Director for Corning Glass Works. Steuben then produced primarily colorless art glass.

Steuben still produced colored art glass, but mostly to fill special orders. A few new colors were added after Carder transitioned into his new role with Corning Glass Works, but the last known sale for colored art glass by Steuben was in 1943.

Houghton period (1933–2012)

Corning Glass Works appointed Arthur A. Houghton Jr. as President in 1933, and under his leadership Steuben changed artistic direction toward more modern forms. Using a newly formulated clear glass developed by Corning (referred to as 10M) which had a very high refraction index, Steuben designers developed beautiful, fluid designs. Pieces such as Gazelle Bowl, designed by Sidney Waugh incorporated Art Deco and modernist themes into glass.

The themes during this period included "balustrade" designs for water goblets and candlesticks, footed bowls and serving pieces. Decorative forms included wildlife pieces representing owls, penguins and other birds in smooth stylistic forms. Some pieces, such as the Ram's Head Candy Dish, playfully included clean lines crowned by an ornate design (a ram's head, complete with a ruff) on the lid as an homage to its classic earlier pieces.

The company also entered into the field of larger show and presentation pieces celebrating various scenes (such as its cut-away design featuring an Eskimo ice fisherman above the ice, and the fish below, or the Cathedral Window design) and elements that incorporated etchings. In some cases sterling silver or gold plating were used on metal finish elements such as the golden "fly" atop the nose of a rainbow trout. Each piece is signed simply with "Steuben" on the underside of the object.

Toward the 1990s, the company also began production of small objects—"hand coolers"—in various animal shapes.

Items from this period were also noted for their careful and elegant packaging. Before boxing, each Steuben piece was placed in a silver-gray flannel bag (stitched with the Steuben name), and then placed in a presentation box.

Designers

Many highly respected glass designers have worked for Steuben Glass, including:

Notable appearances

See also

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Gardner, Paul. The Glass of Frederick Carder. Crown Publishers, Inc.. 1971. 0-517-504405. New York.
  2. News: Ek. Derrick. Steuben Glass sold, will stay in Corning. July 10, 2014. The Online Leader. July 24, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080802002140/http://www.the-leader.com/homepage/x790643113. August 2, 2008.
  3. Web site: Steuben. Steuben Glass. Steuben. March 16, 2016.
  4. News: Steuben Glass Unveils New Designs by Kiki Smith . 26 May 2024 . artdaily . 9 November 2007.
  5. Web site: The Corning Museum of Glass . Voices in Studio Glass History . Bard Graduate Center . 26 May 2024.
  6. Web site: GlassLab Designers . The Corning Museum of Glass GlassLab . 26 May 2024.
  7. Web site: Collection Search | Corning Museum of Glass.
  8. Web site: McCarter, Keith, b.1936 . . 17 December 2022 .
  9. Web site: Since 1903 Steuben. steuben.com. 2020-01-23.
  10. Web site: Since 1903 Steuben. steuben.com. 2020-01-23.
  11. Web site: Steuben glass bowl and cover engraved with a merry-go-round. A Royal Wedding: November 20, 1947. The Royal Collection. July 10, 2014.
  12. Web site: Steuben glass plates engraved with birds, after prints by Audubon. A Royal Wedding: November 20, 1947. The Royal Collection. July 10, 2014.
  13. Web site: A pair of Steuben glass candlesticks. A Royal Wedding: November 20, 1947. The Royal Collection. July 10, 2014.
  14. Web site: Since 1903 Steuben. steuben.com. 2020-01-23.
  15. Web site: Since 1903 Steuben. steuben.com. 2020-01-23.
  16. Web site: Corning Museum of Glass . November 20, 2022 . "The Golden Bowl" . November 20, 2022 . Corning Museum of Glass.
  17. Escape from New York . 2023-07-17 . September 10, 2000 . Sex and the City . Sex and the City . Season 3 Episode 13 . https://www.satctranscripts.com/2008/08/sex-and-city-season-3-episode-13.html#.Yw2EvXZBy3A . en . live . Aug 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220830035945/https://www.satctranscripts.com/2008/08/sex-and-city-season-3-episode-13.html#.Yw2LNJd_qct.
  18. Web site: Archer s01e10 Episode Script: Dial M for Mother.
  19. Web site: Larson . Jonathan . Christmas Bells . Genius . 8 April 2022.
  20. News: If the Shoe Fits. 2015-03-13. Behind the Glass. 2018-01-25. en-US.

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