| Stephen L. Hauser | |
| Birth Date: | 1949 12, mf=yes |
| Birth Place: | New York, New York, U.S. |
| Nationality: | American |
| Field: | Neurology, neuroimmunology |
| Work Institution: | University of California, San Francisco |
| Alma Mater: | Harvard Medical School |
| Known For: | multiple sclerosis research bioethics |
| Prizes: | John Dystel Prize for Multiple Sclerosis Research (2008) Charcot Award (2013) |
Stephen L. Hauser is a professor of the Department of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) specializing in immune mechanisms and multiple sclerosis (MS). He has contributed to the establishment of consortia that have identified more than 50 gene variants that contribute to MS risk.[1]
Hauser is a principal investigator of a multinational effort to identify genetic effects on MS. He is part of the team that identified that humoral immune mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of MS lesions, leading to the development of B-cell based therapies for MS. He has contributed to the establishment of nationwide and international genetics consortia that have identified more than 50 gene variants that contribute to MS risk.[1]
Using comparative genomics between African-American and Caucasian MS populations, Hauser's group was able to identify HLA-DRB1 as the primary MS signal in the MHC,[2] and also fine map other secondary loci in this region.
In 2007, as a senior organizer of the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC), he helped identify the first two non-HLA genes involved in MS susceptibility, IL-2R (CD25) and IL-7R (CD127).[3]
In 2010, his laboratory published the complete genome sequences and the epigenome of identical twins discordant for MS. By mid-2011 more than fifty MS-associated risk alleles were identified, and by now nearly the entire array of common variants associated with MS susceptibility have been mapped.
Hauser has also focused on the role of the B cell and immunoglobulin in the pathogenesis of the disease. He developed and characterized an MS disease model that replicated the core feature of vesicular demyelination previously observed in MS, and demonstrated that this pathology resulted from the synergistic effects of autoreactive T-cells and pathogenic autoantibodies. In 1999 he published work identifying specific myelin reactivity of these autoantibodies deposited in areas of myelin damage in MS brains.[4]
Hauser has translated this finding into a new potential therapy for MS. He led a large-scale clinical trial with rituximab,[5] a chimeric monoclonal antibody that depletes CD20+ B cells, and demonstrated robust efficacy in relapsing remitting MS. A second trial in primary progressive MS reported in 2009 that rituximab may be similarly effective in patients with primary progressive MS who also have evidence of ongoing inflammatory CNS disease. More recently, a third clinical trial with a fully humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, ocrelizumab, replicated the results of the rituximab trial in relapsing remitting MS.[6] With the MS Bioscreen project, Hauser has pioneered precision medicine for complex diseases like MS, creating an "actionable digital growth-chart for complex traits" [7]
In 2010 Hauser was appointed to the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues.[8] He is a co-editor of the textbook Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine[9] and past editor-in-chief of the Annals of Neurology.[10]
Hauser trained in internal medicine at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, in neurology at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and in immunology at Harvard Medical School and the Institute Pasteur in Paris, France, and was a faculty member at Harvard Medical School before moving to UCSF.[11]
Hauser received the 2013 Charcot Award from the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation,[12] the Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award,[13] and the John-Dystel Prize for Multiple Sclerosis Research.[14] In 2011 he delivered the Robert Wartenberg Lecture at the American Academy of Neurology, an honor given for excellence in clinically relevant research.[15]
Hauser is the chair of the Committee on Gulf War and Health Outcomes for the Institute of Medicine[16] and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Association of American Physicians.[17]