Stephen A. Schwarzman Explained

Stephen Schwarzman
Office:Chairman of the Strategic and Policy Forum
President:Donald Trump
Term Start:January 20, 2017
Term End:August 16, 2017
Predecessor:Position established
Successor:Position abolished
Birth Name:Stephen Allen Schwarzman
Birth Date:14 February 1947
Party:Republican
Spouse:Ellen Philips (1971–1990)
Christine Mularchuk Hearst (1995–present)
Children:3, including Teddy and Zibby
Education:Yale University (BA)
Harvard University (MBA)

Stephen Allen Schwarzman (born February 14, 1947) is an American businessman. He is the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group, a global private equity firm he established in 1985 with Peter G. Peterson. Schwarzman was chairman of former President Donald Trump's Strategic and Policy Forum.[1]

According to Forbes, Schwarzman has a net worth of $39 billion as of April 2024.[2]

Early life and education

Schwarzman was raised in a Jewish family in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania, the son of Arline and Joseph Schwarzman.[3] [4] His father owned Schwarzman's, a former dry-goods store in Philadelphia, and was a graduate of the Wharton School.[5]

Schwarzman's first business was a lawn-mowing operation when he was 14 years old, employing his younger twin brothers, Mark and Warren, to mow while Stephen brought in clients.[6]

Schwarzman attended the Abington School District in suburban Philadelphia and graduated from Abington Senior High School in 1965.[7] He attended Yale University, where he was a member of senior society Skull and Bones and founded the Davenport Ballet Society.[8] [9] [10] After graduating in 1969, he briefly served in the U.S. Army Reserve before attending Harvard Business School, where he graduated in 1972.[11]

Investment career

Schwarzman's first job in financial services was with Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, an investment bank that merged with Credit Suisse in 2000. After business school, Schwarzman worked at the investment bank Lehman Brothers, became a managing director at age 31, and then head of global mergers and acquisitions.[12] In 1985, Schwarzman and his boss, Peter Peterson, started The Blackstone Group, which initially focused on mergers and acquisitions.[13] [14] Blackstone would branch into business acquisition, real estate, direct lending, alternative assets, and now has some $500 billion in assets under management.[15]

When Blackstone went public in June 2007, it revealed in a securities filing that Schwarzman had earned about $398.3 million in fiscal 2006.[16] [17] He ultimately received $684 million for the part of his Blackstone stake he sold in the IPO, keeping a stake then worth $9.1 billion.[18] In the following years, his compensations increased even more: he received $350 million in 2007[19] and $702.4 million in 2008[20] —partly due to stock awards. His salary was $734.2 million in 2015, $425 US million in 2016 and $786 US million in 2017.[21] In 2022, he was paid $253 million.[22]

In June 2007, Schwarzman described his view on financial markets with the statement: "I want war, not a series of skirmishes ... I always think about what will kill off the other bidder."[23]

In September 2011, Schwarzman was listed as a member of the international advisory board of the Russian Direct Investment Fund.[24]

Political and economic views

Schwarzman is a Republican who favors lower taxes, lower government spending, and reproductive rights.[25]

He raised $100,000 for George W. Bush's political endeavors.[26]

In August 2010, Schwarzman compared the Obama administration's plan to raise the tax rate on carried interest to a war and Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939, stating, "It's a war. It's like when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939."[27] [28] Schwarzman later apologized for the analogy.[29] [30] In 2012, Obama called Schwarzman and requested his assistance in brokering a budget agreement with Republicans in congress to avoid a fiscal cliff.[31] Eventually a deal was brokered with Schwarzman's help. The new tax plan added $1 trillion of additional revenue by raising taxes, closing tax loopholes, and ending deductions. Obama later drafted a formal message of support for Schwarzman Scholars, an education initiative undertaken by Schwarzman.[32]

He endorsed and fundraised for Mitt Romney in 2012.[33] During the 2016 Republican primary, he declined to support any one particular candidate. He identified as center-right and said the eventual GOP nominee should appeal to independent voters, not the right wing of the Republican Party. At the same time, he had positive things to say about Hillary Clinton.[33]

In early 2016, he said that in a two-candidate race he would prefer Donald Trump to Ted Cruz, saying that the nation needed a "cohesive, healing presidency, not one that's lurching either to the right or to the left."[34] He had previously made a donation to Marco Rubio in 2014.[33]

In late 2016, Schwarzman "helped put together" a team of corporate executives to advise Trump on jobs and the economy. The group, which includes JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon, Walt Disney boss Bob Iger and former General Electric leader Jack Welch, became Trump's Strategic and Policy Forum.[35] [36] In February, Schwarzman was named as chair of the 16-member President's Strategic and Policy Forum, which brought together "CEOs of America's biggest corporations, banks and investment firms" to consult with the president on "how to create jobs and improve growth for the U.S. economy."[37] On August 16, 2017, following five members' resignations, President Trump announced via Twitter he was disbanding the forum.[38]

He is a longtime friend of former president Donald Trump and provides outside counsel, and served as chair of Trump's Strategic and Policy Forum.[39] In response to criticism for his involvement with the Trump administration,[40] Schwarzman penned a letter to current Schwarzman Scholars, arguing that "having influence and providing sound advice is a good thing, even if it attracts criticism or requires some sacrifice”.

In private, Schwarzman called the January 6 United States Capitol attack an "insurrection" and "an affront to the democratic values we hold dear". However, he stopped short of criticizing Trump over the riot.[25]

In December 2018, non-profit consumer advocacy organisation Public Citizen published a report titled: Self-Funded' Trump Now Propped Up By Super PAC Megadonors." The report disclosed that Schwarzman donated $344,000 in support of Trump's re-election campaign. Following his election, Trump appointed Schwarzman as the chairman of the White House Strategic and Policy Forum.[41]

In 2020, Schwarzman donated $15 million to the Senate Leadership Fund,[42] a super-PAC tied to Mitch McConnell,[43] $3 million to Donald Trump's America First Action PAC, and a combined total for the election cycle of $33.5 million to Republican candidates. Several of the Republicans he funded voted against certifying the 2020 Presidential Election. [44]

In 2022, Schwarzman indicated that he would not support the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign, providing in a statement to Axios that it was "time for the Republican Party to turn to a new generation of leaders."[45] In 2024, Schwarzman announced that he would support Donald Trump as a “vote for change”.[46]

Wealth

According to Bloomberg Billionaires Index, he had a net worth of $32 billion as of October 2022.[47] According to Forbes, Schwarzman has a net worth of $39 billion, as of April 2024.

In 2014, Schwarzman was named as one of Bloomberg's 50 Most Influential people of the year.[48] In 2016, he was again named as one of Bloomberg's 50 Most Influential people of the year.[49]

Philanthropy

In 2004, Schwarzman donated a new football stadium to Abington Senior High School—the Stephen A. Schwarzman Stadium.[50] In 2007, Schwarzman was listed among Times 100 Most Influential People in The World.[51]

In early 2008, Schwarzman announced that he contributed $100 million toward the expansion of the New York Public Library, which he serves as a trustee. The central reference building on 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue was renamed The Stephen A. Schwarzman Building.[52] In 2018, Schwarzman donated $10 million to another library, the National Library of Israel.[53]

On April 21, 2013, Schwarzman announced a $100 million personal gift to establish and endow a scholarship program in China, Schwarzman Scholars, modeled after the Rhodes Scholarship program.[54] Schwarzman simultaneously announced a fundraising campaign with a goal of $200 million. The Schwarzman Scholars program is housed at Tsinghua University.[55] Since its inception, the program has maintained ties to the United Front Work Department as well as other organizations and personnel affiliated with the Chinese Communist Party.[56] [57] [58] Schwarzman has also worked on developing a network of scholars who understand China.

In spring 2015, Peter Salovey, the president of Yale University, announced that Schwarzman contributed $150 million to fund a campus center in the university's historic "Commons" dining facility.[59] [60] Additionally, Schwarzman is also a member of the Berggruen Institute's 21st Century Council.[61]

He has sat on the board of trustees of New York-Presbyterian Hospital since 2016.[62]

In early 2018, it was announced that Schwarzman gave $25 million to Abington High School, his alma mater. However, this donation was contingent on several conditions, including naming rights to the school. After the public learned about the deal, a new agreement was made and Schwarzman removed several of the conditions for his donation, including renaming the school.[63]

In October 2018, Schwarzman donated $350 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create the Schwarzman College of Computing.[64]

In June 2019, the University of Oxford announced that Schwarzman had donated £150 million to establish the Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities, due to be completed for the university's 2024–25 academic year.[65] [66]

Schwarzman announced in February 2020 that he had signed The Giving Pledge, committing to give the majority of his wealth to philanthropic causes.[67] [68]

In October 2020, Schwarzman pledged to give $8 million to the USA Track and Field Foundation in the run-up to the 2021 Tokyo and 2024 Paris Olympics.[69]

In December 2021, Schwarzman and his wife Christine gave $25 million to the Animal Medical Center of New York in New York City. The hospital was renamed The Stephen and Christine Schwarzman Animal Medical Center.

Personal life

Schwarzman married his first wife Ellen Philips in 1971, a trustee of Northwestern University and the Mount Sinai Medical Center. They had two children: film producer Teddy Schwarzman[70] [71] and writer and podcaster Zibby Owens.[72] They divorced in 1990.

Schwarzman married Christine Hearst in 1995, an intellectual property lawyer who grew up on Long Island, New York.[70] She has one child from a previous marriage.[23]

He lives in a duplex apartment at 740 Park Avenue previously owned by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Schwarzman purchased the apartment from Saul Steinberg.[73] [74] He spent millions of dollars on both his sixtieth and seventieth birthday parties.[75] [76]

In 2011, The Wall Street Journal reported on the vast water consumption of wealthy Palm Beach residents during exceptional drought conditions.[77] Schwarzman was listed as a top-five water user, having consumed 7,409,688 gallons between June 2010 and May 2011. The average Palm Beach resident consumes 108,000 gallons per year.[78]

Other

In 1999, Schwarzman received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.[79]

In 2018, Schwarzman was awarded the Plaque degree of the Order of the Aztec Eagle by President Enrique Peña Nieto, this in recognition of Schwarzman's work on behalf of the U.S. in support of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.[80]

In 2019, Schwarzman wrote his first book titled, What It Takes: Lessons in the Pursuit of Excellence, "which draws from his experiences in business, philanthropy and public service." His book became a New York Times Best Seller.[81] However, the title was included with a dagger next to it, used to indicate that retailers reported receiving bulk purchases.[82]

In 2024, Schwarzman was created by King Charles III an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for services to philanthropy.[83]

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. News: Steve Schwarzman Explains Why He Counsels Trump. Joe. Nocera. Bloomberg.com . February 8, 2017. March 29, 2017. Bloomberg. October 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181019024827/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-02-08/steve-schwarzman-explains-why-he-counsels-trump. live.
  2. Web site: Klebnikov . Sergei . Investing Wisdom And Life Lessons From Blackstone Billionaire Steve Schwarzman . 2024-06-28 . Forbes . en.
  3. News: Live From New York, It's Steve Schwarzman. The New York Times. Michael J.. de la Merced. October 21, 2011 . December 4, 2016. September 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170919233316/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/live-from-new-york-its-steve-schwarzman/. live.
  4. Web site: The world's 50 Richest Jews: 31-40 – Jewish World – The Jerusalem Post . Jpost.com . October 10, 2011 . December 4, 2016 . May 6, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130506135439/http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishFeatures/Article.aspx?id=187427 . live .
  5. News: WEDDINGS - Christine Hearst, S. A. Schwarzman . . November 5, 1995 . December 4, 2016 . February 12, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170212230856/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/05/style/weddings-christine-hearst-s-a-schwarzman.html . live .
  6. The Birthday Party: How Stephen Schwarzman became private equity's designated villain.. James B. Stewart. February 4, 2008. The New Yorker. February 18, 2020. April 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200426055825/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/02/11/the-birthday-party-2. live.
  7. Web site: Past Award Recipients . Abington.k12.pa.us . June 24, 2009 . December 4, 2016 . February 2, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140202211719/http://www.abington.k12.pa.us/shs/?page=hall_past_reward_recipients#2005 . live .
  8. Evan Thomas and Daniel Gross, "Taxing the Super Rich", Newsweek, July 23, 2007
  9. Andrew Clark, "The Guardian profile: Stephen Schwarzman", The Guardian, June 15, 2007
  10. Web site: Steve Schwarzman's Other Two Great Loves: Chicks And Ballet . Dealbreaker . January 14, 2019 . May 18, 2021 .
  11. Web site: The 25 Most Successful Harvard Business School Graduates . . November 28, 2014 . December 5, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141205151018/http://www.businessinsider.com/famous-harvard-business-school-alumni-2014-9?op=1&IR=T . live .
  12. Book: David Carey. John E. Morris. King of Capital: The Remarkable Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Steve Schwarzman and Blackstone. New York. Crown Business. 2010. 13–30. November 21, 2010. September 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170929065423/http://king-of-capital.com/. live.
  13. Web site: Team Information – Steven Schwarzman. 2006-04-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060506011445/http://www.blackstone.com/team/pdfs/Schwarzman_Stephen.pdf . May 6, 2006 . mdy-all .
  14. King of Capital, pp. 45–56
  15. Web site: The Rise and Rise of Steve Schwarzman. 2019-09-17. Worth. en-US. 2020-01-11. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111063059/https://www.worth.com/the-rise-and-rise-of-steve-schwarzman/. live.
  16. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1393818/000104746907005160/a2178575z424b4.htm#07NYC1853_1
  17. Michael Flaherty, "Blackstone Co-Founders to Get $2.3 Billion Post IPO", Reuters, June 11,
  18. King oReferencesapital, p. 3
  19. News: Associated Press . 2008-03-13 . Blackstone's Chief Received $350 Million in Pay in 2007 . en-US . The New York Times . subscription . 2022-05-04 . 0362-4331.
  20. Web site: The top 10 highest paid CEOs are... . Aug 14, 2009 . David . Goldman . 2022-05-04 . CNNMoney .
  21. News: 2018-03-01 . Blackstone Group CEO Schwarzman took home $786 million in 2017 . en . Reuters . Joshua . Franklin . 2022-05-04.
  22. News: Rees . Jon . 2023-07-06 . Peloton and Pinterest are out in front for bosses making $100m a year . en . The Times . subscription . 2023-07-07 . 0140-0460.
  23. News: Andrew Clark . profile: Stephen Schwarzman | Business . 15 Jun 2007 . . December 4, 2016 . March 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160314121907/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jun/15/4 . live .
  24. Web site: Russian Direct Investment Fund Announces International Advisory Board. 16 September 2011. Russian Direct Investment Fund. July 3, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170703093929/https://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/53/. dead .
  25. News: Kelly . Kate . 2021-01-19 . In Trump, Stephen Schwarzman Found a Chance to Burnish His Legacy . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-12-08 . 0362-4331.
  26. Web site: Tycoon finds money can't buy him love. Politico. Lisa. Lerer. October 23, 2007. March 29, 2017. February 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170217143133/http://www.politico.com/story/2007/10/tycoon-finds-money-cant-buy-him-love-006491. live.
  27. Schwarzman: 'It's a War' Between Obama, Wall St. . Jonathan. Alter. . August 15, 2010 . November 24, 2014 . December 24, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141224071255/http://www.newsweek.com/schwarzman-its-war-between-obama-wall-st-71317 . live .
  28. News: How billionaires destroy democracy . Neil. Brooks. Linda. McQuaig . . April 1, 2012 . April 2, 2012 . April 2, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120402183813/http://www.salon.com/2012/04/01/how_billionaires_destroy_democracy/ . live .
  29. News: Blackstone billionaire is sorry for Nazi jab against Obama's tax policies. Andrew. Clark. August 17, 2010. March 29, 2017. The Guardian. February 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170217065623/https://www.theguardian.com/business/andrew-clark-on-america/2010/aug/17/privateequity-secondworldwar. live.
  30. News: Stephen Schwarzman's Bad Business Advice. Michael. Moritz. The New York Times. February 7, 2017. March 29, 2017. February 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170215013722/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/opinion/stephen-schwarzmans-bad-business-advice.html. live.
  31. News: Stephen Schwarzman's Lifelong Audacity. Gottfried. Miriam. Wall Street Journal. September 13, 2019. en-US. 2020-01-11. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111063057/https://www.wsj.com/articles/stephen-schwarzmans-lifelong-audacity-11568390290. live.
  32. Web site: Schwarzman Scholars. Schwarzman Scholars. 2020-01-11. January 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111063059/https://www.schwarzmanscholars.org/news-article/schwarzman-scholars-scholarship-announcement-april-21-2013/. live.
  33. Web site: Blackstone CEO: GOP field way stronger than 2012's 'Seven Dwarfs'. Matt. Egan. April 29, 2015. March 29, 2017. March 6, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211921/http://money.cnn.com/2015/04/29/investing/blackstone-schwarzman-gop-presidential-election/index.html. live.
  34. Web site: Wall Street CEO: I'd pick Trump over Cruz. Tom. DiChristopher. CNBC. January 20, 2016. March 29, 2017. February 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170217063341/http://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/20/blacktones-schwarzman-id-pick-trump-over-cruz.html. live.
  35. News: Trump's 'America First' Infrastructure Plan: Let Saudi Arabia and Blackstone Take Care of It . . May 27, 2017 . June 10, 2017 . David . Dayen . David Dayen. June 14, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170614222134/https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/trumps-america-first-infrastructure-plan-let-saudi-arabia-and-blackstone-take-care-of-it/ . live .
  36. News: Blackstone for American infrastructure . . June 10, 2017 . May 21, 2017 . Cristina . Alesci . In late 2016 a . April 24, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190424102538/https://money.cnn.com/2017/05/21/news/companies/saudi-arabia-blackstone-deal/index.html . live .
  37. Trump Taps Steve Schwarzman, Jamie Dimon And Mary Barra For Advice On Job Creation, Growth. Forbes. Antoine. Gara. June 10, 2017. June 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170610052953/https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoinegara/2016/12/02/trump-taps-steve-schwarzman-jamie-dimon-and-mary-barra-for-advice-on-job-creation-growth/. live.
  38. News: Edelman. Adam. Ruhle. Stephanie. Trump Dissolves Business Advisory Councils as CEOs Quit. NBC News. August 17, 2017. August 17, 2017. August 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170816234839/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-dissolves-business-advisory-councils-after-ceos-depart-n793216. live.
  39. Web site: Trump reviews top White House staff after tumultuous start . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170329024739/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/trump-white-house-staff-234949 . March 29, 2017 . March 29, 2017 . Politico. February 12, 2017 .
  40. News: Kelly . Kate . 18 February 2021 . After Capitol Riots, Billionaire's 'Scholars' Confront Their Benefactor . . 30 March 2021.
  41. Web site: Johnson . Hanah Lola . How the World Trade Organization Propelled the Rise of the Global Far-Right . InsideOver . December 12, 2019 . 20 May 2020 . April 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200410194319/https://www.insideover.com/economy/how-the-world-trade-organization-propelled-the-rise-of-the-global-far-right.html . live .
  42. Web site: Organizations Disclosing Donations to Senate Leadership Fund, 2020 | OpenSecrets. February 17, 2022. May 27, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220527194532/https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib_all.php?cmte=C00571703&type=A&cycle=2020. dead.
  43. News: Allison. Bill. August 21, 2020. Senate Leadership Fund Gets $10 Million Boost From Schwarzman. Bloomberg. live. August 21, 2020. September 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927164545/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-21/senate-leadership-fund-gets-10-million-boost-from-schwarzman?srnd=premium.
  44. News: Kirchgaessner. Stephanie. February 2, 2021. Wall Street billionaire backed Republicans who later tried to overturn election result. The Guardian. live. November 25, 2023. July 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230712192828/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/feb/02/stephen-schwarzman-blackstone-republicans-campaign-donations.
  45. Web site: Blackstone's Schwarzman says he will not support Donald Trump's presidential bid . 2024-02-04 . www.ft.com.
  46. https://www.axios.com/2024/05/24/trump-2024-stephen-schwarzman-blackstone
  47. Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Stephen Schwarzman . 2022-10-05 . Bloomberg.
  48. Web site: Most Influential 50 Are the Bankers, Investors Who Move Markets . Bloomberg . October 31, 2014 . November 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141101173159/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-08/most-influential-50-are-the-bankers-investors-who-move-markets.html . live .
  49. News: Bloomberg's Fifty Most Influential . Bloomberg.com . Bloomberg . September 23, 2016 . September 23, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160923054526/https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-most-influential/ . live .
  50. Stewart. James B.. The Birthday Party. The New Yorker. Conde Nast. December 5, 2014. tny. January 11, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150111114125/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/02/11/the-birthday-party-2. live.
  51. November 17, 2008. Time 100 (2007) – Stephen Schwarzman. Time. May 3, 2007. December 9, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081209031816/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615737_1616000,00.html. dead.
  52. News: Robin Pogrebin . Stephen Schwarzman – New York Public Library . . March 11, 2008 . December 4, 2016 . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009194338/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/11/arts/design/11expa.html . live .
  53. News: Billionaire Trump Adviser Donates to Israel National Library . USA Today . Associated Press . February 8, 2018 . February 5, 2019 . February 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015103/https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2018-02-08/billionaire-trump-adviser-donates-to-israel-national-library . live .
  54. Web site: Julia. La Roche. April 21, 2013. Billionaire Steve Schwarzman Has Donated $100 Million To Start His Own Version Of The Rhodes Scholarship. Business Insider. November 22, 2014. November 29, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084410/http://www.businessinsider.com/schwarzman-scholars-in-china-2013-4. live.
  55. Book: Liu, Zongyuan Zoe . Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions . . 2023 . 9780674271913 . 10.2307/jj.2915805 . jj.2915805.
  56. News: Allen-Ebrahimian. Bethany. January 11, 2020. The Moral Hazard of Dealing With China. The Atlantic. live. September 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200115165614/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/01/stephen-schwarzman-china-surveillance-scholars-colleges/604675/. January 15, 2020.
  57. News: September 10, 2016. Beijing welcomes scholars funded by U.S. tycoon. San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. live. September 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111210659/https://www.sfgate.com/world/article/Beijing-welcomes-scholars-funded-by-U-S-tycoon-9214912.php. January 11, 2020.
  58. News: Chen. George. May 7, 2013. Schwarzman Scholars plan raises doubts over Beijing interference. South China Morning Post. live. September 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200111210717/https://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1231716/schwarzman-scholars-plan-raises-doubts-over-beijing. January 11, 2020.
  59. Web site: YaleNews | $150 Million Gift by Stephen A. Schwarzman to Establish First-of-its-Kind Campus Center at Yale University . News.yale.edu . May 11, 2015 . December 4, 2016 . November 22, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161122005831/http://news.yale.edu/2015/05/11/150-million-gift-stephen-schwarzman-establish-first-its-kind-campus-center-yale-universit . live .
  60. News: Stephen A Schwarzman Gives $150 Million for Yale Cultural Hub. The New York Times. May 11, 2015 . December 4, 2016. November 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171110062032/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/arts/design/stephen-a-schwarzmangives-150-million-for-yale-cultural-hub.html?_r=0. live. Pogrebin . Robin .
  61. Web site: Berggruen Institute. January 7, 2017. June 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084722/http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members. dead.
  62. Web site: Hospital Leadership - Board of Trustees. New York Presbyterian. 7 July 2019. January 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160128171451/http://nyp.org/about/board-trustees.html. live.
  63. News: Strauss . Valerie . Billionaire offered $25 million to high school alma mater. What he wanted in return was too much for the district. . The Washington Post . April 12, 2018 . April 12, 2018 . April 13, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180413065607/https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/answer-sheet/wp/2018/04/12/billionaire-offered-25-million-to-high-school-alma-mater-what-he-wanted-in-return-was-too-much-for-the-district/ . dead .
  64. News: Lohr . Steve . M.I.T. Plans College for Artificial Intelligence, Backed by $1 Billion . The New York Times . 15 October 2018 . February 5, 2019 . February 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207022135/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/mit-college-artificial-intelligence.html . live .
  65. News: Adams . Richard . Oxford to receive biggest single donation 'since the Renaissance' . 19 June 2019 . . 19 Jun 2019 . June 19, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190619024443/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/jun/19/oxford-receive-biggest-single-donation-stephen-schwarzman . live .
  66. News: 2021-11-17. Schwarzman Centre: Planning application submitted for concert hall. en-GB. BBC News. 2021-12-15.
  67. Web site: Blackstone CEO pledges to donate the majority of his wealth to charity. Zhang. Hannah. 2020-02-05. CNN Business. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200226223213/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/05/business/blackstone-ceo-giving-pledge/index.html. February 26, 2020. 2020-02-26.
  68. Web site: EXCLUSIVE: Billionaire Steve Schwarzman signs Warren Buffett's Giving Pledge. La Roche. Julia. 2020-02-05. Yahoo! Finance. en-US. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200226202119/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/steve-schwarzman-signs-the-giving-pledge-171217412.html. February 26, 2020. 2020-02-26.
  69. Web site: USA Track & Field Stephen A. Schwarzman Pledges $8,000,000 to USATF Foundation in Support of Elite Track & Field Athle. 2020-10-08. usatf.org. October 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201010143905/https://www.usatf.org/news/2020/stephen-a-schwarzman-pledges-$8-000-000-to-usatf-f. live.
  70. News: Toobin . Jeffrey . Jeffrey Toobin . The Birthday Party . . July 15, 2014 . December 4, 2016 . June 18, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140618173928/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/02/11/080211fa_fact_stewart?currentPage=all . live .
  71. News: Ellen Zajac and Teddy Schwarzman . . November 11, 2007 . December 4, 2016 . February 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170213114856/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/fashion/weddings/11Zajac.html . live .
  72. Web site: 2007-06-20. Oh, Zibby, Thanks So Much for Calling!. 2020-07-16. Observer. en-US. July 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200717135845/https://observer.com/2007/06/oh-zibby-thanks-so-much-for-calling/. live.
  73. Web site: 740 Park | Michael Gross . Mgross.com . December 4, 2016 . February 28, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090228195410/http://www.mgross.com/books/740-park . live .
  74. News: Toobin . Jeffrey . The Birthday Party . . July 15, 2014 . December 4, 2016 . July 12, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140712123533/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/02/11/080211fa_fact_stewart . live .
  75. News: Sorkin. Andrew Ross. 2017-02-13. A Billionaire's Party Is a Lens on Wealth in the Trump Era. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-09-27. 0362-4331. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102192828/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/business/dealbook/stephen-schwarzman-palm-beach-party-trump.html. live.
  76. Web site: Dangremond. Sam. 2017-02-13. Jared and Ivanka Attended Steve Schwarzman's Epic 70th Birthday Party in Palm Beach. 2020-09-27. Town & Country. en-US. November 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102192854/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/the-scene/parties/news/a9556/steve-schwarzman-birthday-party/. live.
  77. Web site: Campo-Flores. Arian. July 11, 2011. Big Water Users Get Flak in Drought: Calls for Surcharges as Vast Amounts Consumed by Wealthy Palm Beach Residents Draw Ire of Neighbors. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612225436/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303982504576428254233386320. June 12, 2020. June 12, 2020. Wall Street Journal.
  78. Web site: July 10, 2011. Top 5 Water Users in Palm Beach. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612225438/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304803104576428183030837332. June 12, 2020. June 12, 2020. Wall Street Journal.
  79. Web site: Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement. www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. April 10, 2020. December 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business. live.
  80. Web site: President Confers Mexican Order of Aztec Eagle on co-founder and CEO of the Blackstone Group Stephen Allen Schwarzman . Presidencia de la República . gob.mx . February 5, 2019 . February 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015658/https://www.gob.mx/busqueda?utf8=%E2%9C%93&site=presidencia&q=schwartzman . live .
  81. Web site: Our People. www.blackstone.com. The Blackstone Group Inc.. 2020-03-31. February 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055025/https://www.blackstone.com/the-firm/our-people/person?person=1000272. live.
  82. News: NYTimes. The New York Times . August 21, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220821023415/https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2019/03/31/business-books/. bot: unknown. August 21, 2022.
  83. Web site: Honorary awards to foreign nationals in 2024 . 2024 . Gov.UK . 4 May 2024 .

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