Stemodia Explained

Stemodia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae. The genus comprises approximately 45 species of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs which are distributed through tropical and temperate regions of the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Australia.^{[1] [2]} This genus is sometimes placed in the families Scrophulariaceae or Gratiolaceae.^[3] The generic name is derived from the Latin word stemodiacra, which means "stamens with two tips."^[4] Twintip is a common name for several species.

Species

45 species are accepted.

• Stemodia anisata
• Stemodia bartsioides
• Stemodia chiapensis
• Stemodia chodatii
• Stemodia coahuilensis  - Coahuila twintip
• Stemodia debilis ^[5]
• Stemodia diplohyptoides
• Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Sw.  - white woolly twintip
• Stemodia flaccida
• Stemodia florulenta W.R.Barker  - bluerod
• Stemodia foliosa
• Stemodia fruticosa
• Stemodia fruticulosa
• Stemodia glabella W.R.Barker  - bluerod^[5]
• Stemodia grossa  - marsh stemodia
• Stemodia hassleriana
• Stemodia hyptoides
• Stemodia jorullensis
• Stemodia kingii
• Stemodia lanata Ruiz & Pav. ex Benth.  - gray woolly twintip
• Stemodia lanceolata
• Stemodia lathraia
• Stemodia linophylla
• Stemodia lobelioides
• Stemodia lythrifolia  - bunu bunu^[5]
• Stemodia macrantha
• Stemodia maritima L.  - seaside twintip
• Stemodia palmeri
• Stemodia palustris
• Stemodia peduncularis
• Stemodia perfoliata
• Stemodia piurensis
• Stemodia pubescens
• Stemodia purpusii
• Stemodia pusilla
• Stemodia schottii Holz.  - Rio Grande twintip
• Stemodia scoparioides
• Stemodia serrata
• Stemodia stricta
• Stemodia suffruticosa
• Stemodia tenuifolia
• Stemodia tephropelina
• Stemodia trifoliata
• Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.  - whorled twintip
• Stemodia viscosa Roxb.  - pagurda^[5]

Formerly placed here

• Anamaria heterophylla (as Stemodia heterophylla)
• Chodaphyton ericifolium (as Stemodia ericifolia)
• Umbraria microphylla (as Stemodia microphylla)
• Umbraria veronicoides (as Stemodia veronicoides)

Notes and References

1. MM Sosa, GJ Seijo, A Fernández - Annales Botanici Fennici. 2009 "Cytogeographic analysis of southern South American species of Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae)" Annales Botanici Fennici 46(5):389-396
2. Wildson Max B. da Silva; João Carlos da C. Assunção; Renata M. Araújo; Edilberto R. Silveira; Otília D. L. Pessoa. 2009 "New volatile constituents from leaves of Stemodia trifoliata (Link.) Reichb. (Schrophulariaceae)"J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 20:1
3. Web site: Genus: Stemodia L. . Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture . 2007-10-05 . 2010-10-11.
4. Web site: Stemodia . Margriet . Wetherwax . Jepson Flora Project . University of California, Berkeley . 2010-10-11.
5. Web site: Stemodia . 2008-10-03. Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra.