Stearman C3 Explained
The Stearman C3 was an American-built civil biplane aircraft of the 1920s, designed by Stearman Aircraft of Wichita, Kansas. It was also the first Stearman aircraft to receive a type certificate.[1]
Development
The C3 was a rugged biplane with simple straight wings, a tough undercarriage with oleo shock absorbers and two open cockpits with the pilot in the rear and two side-by-side passenger seats in the front. In fact, it was a slightly modified version of the earlier model C2 aircraft. Changes included an increased volume oil tank and larger sized baggage compartment.[1]
Introduced in 1928, the C3 was powered by a variety of engines of between 128 hp and 225 hp, each version having its own designation.[2] The last version of the C3 was the C3R which had several external differences including a cutout in the aft portion of the wing center section for improved pilot visibility, a headrest in the aft cockpit, and slightly increased chord of the rudder and vertical stabilizer.
Although there were several versions of the C3, most were either the C3B and the C3R. A few C3s were approved for float operations.[1]
Operational history
The C3 was built with light commercial applications in mind, including passenger flying and business flights. The C3MB was a special mail-carrying aircraft based on the C3 with the forward cockpit enclosed as a dedicated cargo compartment. This version was operated in 1928 by National Parks Airways on airmail route CAM 26 from Salt Lake City, Utah to Pocatello, Idaho and Great Falls, Montana.[3]
Variants
Data from:Airlife's World Aircraft,[2] Aerofiles:StearmanVariants produced were:
- C1
First of the C series powered by a Curtiss OX-5, later re-engined with a 2400NaN0 Menasco-Salmson radial as the C1X. One built.
- C2
Four aircraft similar to the C1, with the radiator mounted underneath, hydraulic shock absorbers and dual controls. Variously powered by 900NaN0 Curtiss OX-5, Wright-Hisso A, Wright Whirlwind and Menasco-Salmson radial engine.
- C3B Sport Commercial
2200NaN0 Wright J5 radial engine.
- C3C
1500NaN0 Wright Martin/Hispano Suiza E engine.[4]
- C3D
1800NaN0 Wright Martin/Hispano Suiza E engine. 1 delivered.[4]
- C3E
1900NaN0 Wright Martin/Hispano Suiza E2 engine
- C3F
1900NaN0 Wright Martin/Hispano Suiza E3 engine.[4]
- C3G
1900NaN0 Wright Martin/Hispano Suiza E4 engine.
- C3H
2600NaN0 Menasco-Salmson air-cooled engine.[4]
- C3I
1600NaN0 Curtiss C6 engine.
- C3K
1280NaN0 Siemens-Halske Sh 12.[4]
- C3L
1300NaN0 Comet 7D radial engine. 1 built, later converted to C3B.[4]
- C3MB
C3B with forward cockpit enclosed for mail carrying.[4]
- C3P
2200NaN0 Wright J5 Whirlwind radial engine.[4]
- C3R Business Speedster
2250NaN0 Wright J6.[5] [4] Operators
Aircraft on display
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Related lists
References
Bibliography
- Davies, R.E.G. Airlines of the United States since 1914. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998. .
- Simpson, Rod. Airlife's World Aircraft. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 2001. .
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Phillips . Edward . Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History . 2006 . specialtypress . North Branch, MN . 9781580070874 . 57, 64–67.
- Simpson, 2001, pp. 520–521.
- Davies 1998, p. 142.
- Web site: Eckland . E.O. . Stearman . aerofiles.com . 27 December 2018.
- Book: Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1931 . Grey . C.G. . 1931 . Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd . London . 317c–318c .
- Web site: Museum of Flight. Museum of Flight. Stearman C-3B - Manufacturer was Stearman Aircraft Company . Museumofflight.org . 2012-07-21.
- Web site: Ken Olsson . Our Stories . Waaamuseum.org . 2012-07-21.
