Stavangersk Explained
Stavangersk, Stavanger dialect or Stavanger Norwegian (Norwegian: Stavangersk, Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål: Stavanger-dialekt (Bokmål) or Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian: Stavangerdialekt (Nynorsk)) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Stavanger.
The pronunciation and origin resemble that of the written Nynorsk, yet the official written language of the Stavanger municipality is Bokmål.
Phonology
Consonants
- pronounced as //n, t, d, l// are alveolar pronounced as /[{{IPAplink|n}}, {{IPAplink|t}}, {{IPAplink|d}}, {{IPAplink|l}}]/.
- As in Bergen and Oslo, younger speakers of the Stavanger dialect tend to merge pronounced as //ç// with pronounced as //ʃ//.
- pronounced as //r// is realized as a voiced uvular continuant, either a fricative pronounced as /link/ or an approximant pronounced as /link/. It can be voiceless pronounced as /link/ before a voiceless consonant or a pause. This means that the dialect does not possess retroflex consonants.
Vowels
- The long close central pronounced as //ʉː// and close back pronounced as //uː// vowels can be realized as closing diphthongs pronounced as /[əʉ]/ and pronounced as /[əu]/.
- The short counterpart of pronounced as //ʉː// is close-mid pronounced as /link/.
- The short close back vowel is more front than in Oslo, near-back pronounced as /link/ rather than back pronounced as /link/.
- The mid-back vowels are somewhat advanced from the fully back position, i.e. near-back, rather than back. The long pronounced as //oː// is close-mid pronounced as /link/, whereas the short pronounced as //ɔ// is open-mid pronounced as /link/.
- The long open back vowel is phonetically back pronounced as /link/, but its short counterpart is front pronounced as /link/, identical to the cardinal pronounced as /link/. It is the most anterior realization of this vowel in Norway.
- The non-native diphthong (ai) has a front starting point pronounced as /[æi]/.
Starting point!colspan=3Ending point |
Front | Central |
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Mid | pronounced as /ei/ | pronounced as /øy/ | pronounced as /øʉ/ | |
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Tonemes
Phonetic realization
Phonetically, the tonemes of the Stavanger dialect are the same as those of Central Standard Swedish; accent 1 is rising-falling, whereas accent 2 is double falling.
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Older Runic . 2022-05-24 . 2022-11-13 . . Hammarström . Harald . https://web.archive.org/web/20221113105941/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olde1239 . 2022-11-13 . live . . Forkel . Robert . Haspelmath . Martin . Bank . Sebastian.