Stauridium Explained

Stauridium is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae.^[1] It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.^[2]

Description

Stauridium forms flat colonies, termed coenobia, of cells in powers of two, usually four, eight, or 16. Coenobia are disc-shaped in outline, composed of cells laid contiguously next to each other with no spaces in between cells. The marginal cells are trapezoidal, with (in S. tetras) or without (in S. privum) a V-shaped incision in the middle.^[2] The cell wall is smooth or covered in granules, warts, or ridges. Cells have one chloroplast filling the cell, each with a single pyrenoid.^[3]

Species of Stauridium have thin cell walls, so they tend not to preserve well in sediments.^[4]

Taxonomy

Although Stauridium was first described by August Carl Joseph Corda in 1839, for most of its history it was considered to be a synonym of Pediastrum. In 2005, molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that Pediastrum sensu lato was paraphyletic with respect to Hydrodictyon. Therefore, Pediastrum was split up into several genera, including Stauridium.^[5]

Notes and References

1. See the NCBI webpage on Stauridium. Data extracted from the Web site: NCBI taxonomy resources . . 2007-03-19.
2. 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x . Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships in the Freshwater Family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an Emphasis on Pediastrum duplex . 2011 . McManus . Hilary A. . Lewis . Louise A. . Journal of Phycology . 47 . 1 . 152–163 . 27021721 . 20549311 .
3. Book: Gêneros de Algas de Águas Continentais do Brasil: chave para identificação e descrições . 2 . 2006 . Carlos E. M. . Bicudo . Mariângela . Menezes . RiMa Editora . 508 . 857656064X .
4. Book: 978-3-443-60035-8 . Review of the Green Algal Genus Pediastrum; Implication for Pollen-analytical Research . 2001 . 127 . Jirí . Komárek . Vlasta . Jankovská . Bibliotheca Phycologica . Schweizerbart Science Publishers .
5. 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x . Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data . 2005 . Buchheim . Mark . Buchheim . Julie . Carlson . Tracy . Braband . Anke . Hepperle . Dominik . Krienitz . Lothar . Wolf . Matthias . Hegewald . Eberhard . Journal of Phycology . 41 . 5 . 1039–1054 . 83698514 .