| Official Name: | Stary Dzyedzin |
| Native Name: | |
| Settlement Type: | Village |
| Pushpin Map: | Belarus |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Belarus |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Mogilev Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Klimavichy District |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date: | 16th century |
| Population As Of: | 2010 |
| Population Total: | 200 |
| Timezone: | MSK |
| Utc Offset: | +3 |
| Coordinates: | 53.7636°N 32.0872°W |
Stary Dzyedzin (Belarusian: Стары Дзедзін; Russian: Старый Дедин|Stary Dedin) is a village in Klimavichy District, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It is part of Kisyalyova Buda selsoviet.[1] It is situated on the right bank of the Ostyor River (a left tributary of the Sozh River), 5km (03miles) north of the Ivatsevichy–Babruysk–Krychaw highway which leads to the border with Russia.
According to local legend, the first settler of this area was an old man ("Belarusian: дзед|dzyed), who lived for 125 years. Hence, "Dzyedzin" comes from the word "dzyed". Other sources say that the name comes from the word "dzyedzina" which was used several centuries ago and meant a type of feudal household that transferred from the grandfather (also called "dzyed" in Belarusian) to the grandson. Thus "dzyedzina" literally means “grandfather’s”. So at first it was a center of patrimony. Later, another village with the same name appeared nearby and people began to call them Stary (Old) Dzyedzin and Novy (New) Dzeydzin. These names remain to this day.[2]
Archeological investigations discovered that the first appearance of man in this area took place in the Paleolithic. Several thousand years ago these territory was inhabited by Finnic peoples that is evident by the name of the Ostyor River that has Finnic origins. First Indo-Europeans approximately came here in the 2nd millennium BC, probably from the south, going up the Dnieper, the Sozh River and their tributaries. Those people were ancestors of modern Baltic people. First Slavic people came here from south the same way approximately in 8th-9th centuries, they were the Radimichs. But in the nearby area were found the traces of Krivichs, another Slavic group of tribes, who lived to the north. This shows that this area could be a mixed ethnic zone. Archeological investigations in 1926 of several tumuli (kurgans) near the village discovered Radimichs’ burial sites referred to 10th-13th centuries.[3]
Dzyedzin's treasure (see below) buried here in late 10th century can be considered as evidence that a settlement existed on this place at those times but that it was not necessarily a predecessor of Stary Dzyedzin itself. Nevertheless, 985 was taken as a symbolic date of its foundation. In August 2010 the 1025th anniversary of the village was solemnly celebrated.[4] A settlement under the name "Dzyedzin" was first mentioned in the documents of 16th century. Archeologists discovered the traces of houses that were built in 14th-18th centuries.[5]
In the 12th-14th centuries this area belonged to the Principality of Smolensk, in the 14th century it became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then was later included in the Mścisław Voivodeship. At the time of Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars it was situated near the new frontier and suffered from the wars of the next two centuries. In 1740–1744, Stary Dzyedzin probably was touched by the Krychaw peasant rebellion under Vasil Vashchyla.
Stary Dzyedzin became part of the Russian Empire after the first partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772. At the time of the First World War and the Soviet-Polish War the village was located near the front line, but wasn’t touched by it.
Stary Dzyedzin became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, after the first enlargement of the territory of the republic.
During World War II, the village was occupied by German troops in early August 1941 and liberated in the late September 1943.[6] 138 inhabitants of Dzyedzin died in this war.
The natives from the village conserve traditions that their ancestors followed for centuries. For forty years, Halina Brykava has led a folk ensemble "Astranka" (Belarusian: Астранка) that is named after the Ostyor river. Its participants collect local folksongs and perform them. Scholars from the Leningrad University came here several times to listen and record these songs.[7]
Stary Dzyedzin is also known for its tradition of pottery and weaving, continued by Vera Tserentsievna Stalyarov.[8]
Stary Dzyedzin is famous for its ancient ritual of claiming for rain. When the weather is very dry the women "plough" the Ostyor River and sing special songs that first time were dedicated to claim for the spirit of rain. This ritual has very deep pagan roots.[9]
Stary Dzyedzin became famous after one of the oldest monetary treasures on the territory of Belarus was found there.
In 1926, a peasant named Traphim Hudkou found a pot full of ancient coins while working on his land. Ales and Pavel Prudnikau wrote an article in the newspaper "Belarusian village" about it. Scientists decided to explore it and the treasure was sent to Minsk. After a special analysis it was concluded that the treasure was buried between 980 and 985, and contained 204 ancient coins: 201 Kufic dirhams, 2 German denarii and 1 miliaresion among them. Dirhams were printed in Antioch, Baghdad, Hamedan, Isfahan, Balkh, Samarkand, Bukhara and other places. Probably, this treasure belonged to the rich merchant and was buried here in the secret place because this area could be a collateral line of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks.[10] [11]
This treasure was kept in the Belarusian State Museum, but was lost during the Second World War.
In 2010, a memorial sign about Dzyedzin’s treasure was established in Dzyedzin.