SpaceX Starship (spacecraft) explained

Starship
Manufacturer:SpaceX
Country:United States
Operator:SpaceX
Spacecraft Type:Crewed, reusable
Launch Mass:~
Dry Mass:~
Payload Capacity: (planned)
Crew Capacity:Up to 100 (planned)
Volume: (planned)
Winged:yes
Status:In development
Retired:3
Failed:1 (IFT-2)
Lost:2 (IFT-1, IFT-3)
Firstlaunch:20 April 2023
Derivatives:Starship HLS
Flown With:SpaceX Super Heavy
Stagedata:
Technical details
Engines:3 × Raptor engines
3 × Raptor vacuum engines
Si:


: [1]

Starship is a spacecraft and second stage[2] under development by American aerospace company SpaceX. Stacked atop its booster, the Super Heavy, the pair compose SpaceX's new super heavy-lift space vehicle, also called Starship. The spacecraft is designed to transport both crew and cargo to a variety of destinations, including Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars. It is intended to enable long duration interplanetary flights with a crew of up to 100 people.[2] It will also be capable of point-to-point transport on Earth, enabling travel to anywhere in the world in less than an hour. Furthermore, the spacecraft will be used to refuel other Starship spacecraft, enabling them to reach higher orbits and other space destinations. Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, estimated in a tweet that 8 launches would be needed to completely refuel a Starship in low Earth orbit, extrapolating this from Starship's payload to orbit and how much fuel a fully fueled Starship contains.[3] To land on bodies without an atmosphere, such as the Moon, Starship will fire its engines and thrusters to perform a controlled descent.[4]

Development began in 2012, when Elon Musk described a plan to build a reusable rocket system with substantially greater capabilities than the Falcon 9 and the planned Falcon Heavy. The rocket evolved through many design and name changes. On July 25, 2019, the Starhopper prototype performed the first successful flight at SpaceX Starbase near Boca Chica, Texas.[5] The SN15 prototype became the first full-size test spacecraft to take off and land successfully in May 2021.[6] On April 20, 2023, Ship 24 and Booster 7 lifted off the pad, the first time the booster and Starship flew together as a fully integrated stack. On November 18, 2023, Ship 25 and Booster 9 launched, successfully completing hot-staging, during the launch, Ship 25 passed the Kármán Line, becoming the first Starship to reach space, and also became the heaviest object to ever reach space, before exploding at 148 km.[7] [8] [9] [10] On March 14, 2024, Ship 28 and Booster 10 lifted off the launch pad, successfully achieving its second hot-stage separation, as well as a full-duration ascent burn of the second stage. S28 then proceeded to reenter Earth's atmosphere at orbital velocity, disintegrating during reentry 49 minutes after launch.[11] [12] In April 2024, Elon Musk announced two new versions of Starship, Starship V2 and Starship V3. Both versions will be taller and will have increased thrust.[13]

History

In November 2005, before SpaceX had launched its first rocket the Falcon 1, CEO Elon Musk first mentioned a high-capacity rocket concept able to launch 100 tons to low Earth orbit, dubbed the Big Falcon Rocket (BFR). Later in 2012, Elon Musk first publicly announced plans to develop a rocket surpassing the capabilities of their existing Falcon 9. SpaceX called it the Mars Colonial Transporter, as the rocket was to transport humans to Mars and back.

In 2016, Musk changed the name to Interplanetary Transport System, as he planned for the rocket to travel beyond Mars. Made of carbon fiber, this design was to mass over 10,000 tons when fueled and carry 300 tonnes to low Earth orbit, while intending to be fully reusable. By 2017, the rocket was temporarily re-dubbed the BFR and had multiple variants announced, such as cargo, tanker and crew. In 2019, the current stainless-steel design was adopted.

Design

The current version 1 (V1) of the Starship spacecraft is tall, in diameter, and has 6 Raptor engines, 3 of which are optimized for use in outer space.[14] [15] The future version 3 (V3) of the Starship spacecraft is planned to have an additional 3 Raptor Vacuum engines for increased payload capacity. Starship V1's payload bay, measuring tall by in diameter, is the largest of any active or planned launch vehicle; its internal volume of is slightly larger than the International Space Station's pressurized volume.[16] SpaceX will also provide a tall payload bay configuration for even larger payloads.[17]

Starship has a total propellant capacity of [18] across its main tanks and header tanks.[19] The header tanks are better insulated due to their position and are reserved for use to flip and land the spacecraft following reentry.[20] A set of reaction control thrusters, which use the pressure in the fuel tank, control attitude while in space.[21]

The spacecraft has four body flaps to control the spacecraft's orientation and help dissipate energy during atmospheric entry,[22] composed of two forward flaps and two aft flaps. According to SpaceX, the flaps replace the need for wings or tailplane, reduce the fuel needed for landing, and allow landing at destinations in the Solar System where runways do not exist (for example, Mars).[23] Under the forward flaps, hardpoints are used for lifting and catching the spacecraft via mechanical arms.[24] The flap's hinges are sealed in aero-covers because they would otherwise be easily damaged during reentry.[25]

Starship's heat shield, composed of thousands[26] of hexagonal black tiles that can withstand temperatures of [27] [28] repeatedly without maintenance.[29] The tiles are made of silica[30] and are attached with pins rather than glued, with small gaps in between allowing for heat expansion. Their hexagonal shape facilitates mass production and prevents hot plasma from causing severe damage to the vehicle.

Variants

For satellite launch, Starship will have a large cargo door that opens to release payloads and close upon reentry instead of a more conventional jettisonable nosecone fairing. Instead of a cleanroom, payloads are integrated directly into Starship's payload bay, which requires purging the payload bay with temperature-controlled ISO class 8 clean air. To deploy Starlink satellites, the cargo door will be replaced with a slot and dispenser rack, whose mechanism has been compared to a Pez candy dispenser.[31]

Crewed Starship vehicles would replace the cargo bay with a pressurized crew section and have a life-support system. For long-duration missions, such as crewed flights to Mars, SpaceX describes the interior as potentially including "private cabins, large communal areas, centralized storage, solar storm shelters, and a viewing gallery". Starship's life support system is expected to recycle resources such as air and water from waste.[32]

Starship Human Landing System (HLS) is a crewed lunar lander variant of the Starship vehicle that is extensively modified for landing, operation, and takeoff from the lunar surface. It features modified landing legs, a body-mounted solar array, a set of thrusters mounted mid-body to assist with final landing and takeoff, two airlocks, and an elevator to lower crew and cargo onto the lunar surface. Starship HLS is expected to be able to land more than of payload on the Moon per flight.[33]

Starship will be able to be refueled by docking with separately launched Starship propellant tanker spacecraft in orbit. Doing so increases the spacecraft's mass capacity and allows it to reach higher-energy targets, such as geosynchronous orbit, the Moon, and Mars.[34] A Starship propellant depot could cache methane and oxygen on-orbit and be used by Starship HLS to replenish its fuel tanks.[35]

Development

Starship's development is iterative and incremental, using frequent—and often destructive—tests on a series of rocket prototypes.[36] [37]

SpaceX prototypes are subjected to several tests before they can be launched. Pressure tests come first, during which the tanks are filled with a liquid or gas to test their strength and safety factor. SpaceX tests some tanks beyond the specified limit, to find the point at which they burst. After engine installation, vehicles undergo static fire testing, during which the engines fire while the vehicle is prevented from lifting off. After passing these tests, a prototype vehicle will launch, either flying within the atmosphere, or attempting to reach orbit.

List of Starship prototypes! Name! First spotted! First static fire! Maiden flight! Decommissioned! Construction site! Status! Flights
Starhopperdata-sort-value="2018-12" December 2018[38] data-sort-value="2019-04-03" April 3, 2019[39] data-sort-value="2019-08-27" July 25, 2019[40] data-sort-value="2019-08" August 2019[41] Boca Chica, Texas[42] [43] 2
data-sort-value="2018-12" December 2018[44] data-sort-value="2019-11" November 20, 2019[45] Boca Chica, Texas0
Mk2data-sort-value="2018-12" May 2019[46] data-sort-value="2019-11" November 2019[47] [48] Cocoa, Florida0
Mk3/SN1data-sort-value="2019-10c" [49] data-sort-value="2020-02" February 28, 2020[50] Boca Chica, Texas0
Mk4data-sort-value="2019-10" data-sort-value="2019-11" November 2019[51] Cocoa, Florida0
SN3data-sort-value="2020-03" March 2020[52] data-sort-value="2020-04" April 3, 2020[53] Boca Chica, Texas0
SN4data-sort-value="2020-03c" April 2020[54] [55] data-sort-value="2020-05-05" May 5, 2020[56] data-sort-value="2020-05" May 29, 2020[57] Boca Chica, Texas0
SN5data-sort-value="2020-03c" April 2020data-sort-value="2020-07-27" July 27, 2020[58] data-sort-value="2020-08-04" August 4, 2020[59] February 2021[60] Boca Chica, Texas1
SN6data-sort-value="2020-03c" May 2020[61] [62] data-sort-value="2020-08-23" August 23, 2020[63] data-sort-value="2020-09-03" September 3, 2020[64] January 2021[65] Boca Chica, Texas1
SN8data-sort-value="2020-07c" July 2020data-sort-value="2020-10-20" October 20, 2020data-sort-value="2020-12-09" December 9, 2020[66] data-sort-value="2020-09c" December 9, 2020Boca Chica, Texas1
SN9data-sort-value="2020-08c" August 2020data-sort-value="2021-01-06" January 6, 2021data-sort-value="2021-02-02" February 2, 2021data-sort-value="2021-02-02" February 2, 2021Boca Chica, Texas1
SN10data-sort-value="2020-09c" September 2020[67] data-sort-value="2021-02-23" February 23, 2021[68] data-sort-value="2021-03c" March 3, 2021[69] data-sort-value="2021-03c" March 3, 2021Boca Chica, Texas1
SN11data-sort-value="2020-09c" September 2020[70] data-sort-value="2021-03-08" March 22, 2021[71] March 30, 2021[72] March 30, 2021Boca Chica, Texas1
SN12data-sort-value="2020-09c" September 2020[73] data-sort-value="2021-02c" February 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
SN13data-sort-value="2020-11c" October 2020[74] data-sort-value="2021-02c" February 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
SN14data-sort-value="2020-10c" October 2020[75] data-sort-value="2021-02c" February 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
SN15November 2020[76] April 26, 2021[77] [78] May 5, 2021[79] May 31, 2021Boca Chica, Texas1
SN16data-sort-value="2020-12c" December 2020[80] May 10, 2022Boca Chica, Texas0
SN17data-sort-value="2020-12c" December 2020[81] May 2021Boca Chica, Texas[82] 0
SN18data-sort-value="2021-01c" January 2021[83] June 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
SN19data-sort-value="2021-02c" February 2021[84] June 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
SN20/Ship 20data-sort-value="2021-02c" March 7, 2021[85] October 21, 2021Boca Chica, Texas[86] 0
Ship 21May/June 2021[87] Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 22September 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 23October 2021Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 24November 24, 2021August 9, 2022[88] April 20, 2023April 20, 2023Boca Chica, Texas1
Ship 25March 2022June 26, 2023November 18, 2023November 18, 2023Boca Chica, Texas1
Ship 26May 2022October 20, 2023[89] Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 27June 2022July 20, 2023[90] Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 28July 2022December 20, 2023March 14, 2024March 14, 2024Boca Chica, Texas1
Ship 29July 2022March 25, 2024June 6, 2024June 6, 2024Boca Chica, Texas1
Ship 30September 2022May 8, 2024[91] Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 31August 2022Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 32February 2023Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 33October 2023[92] November 2023[93] Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 34UnknownNovember 2023Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 35UnknownNovember 2023Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 36UnknownNovember 2023Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 37UnknownNovember 2023Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 38UnknownNovember 2023Boca Chica, Texas0
Ship 33 (V2)June 2024Boca Chica, Texas0

Starhopper

Construction on the initial steel test article—Starship Hopper,[94] Hopper, Hoppy, or Starhopper[95] —began at Boca Chica in 2018. Starhopper had a single engine and was test flown to develop landing and low-altitude/low-velocity control algorithms.

Starhopper used liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid methane fuel. After it completed its testing campaign Starhopper was repurposed as a water tank, weather station and equipment mount for cameras, lights, loudspeakers and a radar system.[96]

Testing

It passed tanking tests, wet dress rehearsals, and pre-burner tests. A storm blew over and damaged Starhopper's nose cone. SpaceX continued testing without one.[97]

It then passed a static fire test,[98] and in a tethered test reached 1 meter altitude.[99] On July 25, 2019, a Starhopper test flight reached about altitude,[100] followed by an August 27 test that rose to [101] and landed about from the launchpad, the Raptor's first use in flight.

Mark series (Mk1–Mk4)

SpaceX began building the high-altitude prototype, Mk1 in Texas and Mk2 in Florida, using competing teams that shared progress, insights, and build techniques.[102] [103] The vehicle featured three Raptor methalox engines and were meant to reach an altitude .[104] [105]

Mk1 was in diameter and about tall,[106] with an empty mass of . It was intended for testing flight and reentry profiles, in pursuit of a suborbital flight. When announced, it had three sea-level Raptors, two fins each at the front and back, and a nose cone containing cold-gas reaction control thrusters, with all but the aft fins being removed afterwards.[107] [108] [109]

On November 20, 2019, Mk1 blew apart during a pressure test.[110] [111]

SpaceX began Mk2 in Florida, sharing progress, insights, and build techniques with the Mk1 team in Texas. It was never completed.[112]

The Mk3 prototype began construction in late 2019. In December 2019, Musk redesignated Mk3 as Starship SN1, and predicted that minor design improvements would continue through SN20.[113] SpaceX began stacking SN1 in February 2020 after successful pressurization tests on propellant tank prototypes. SN1 was destroyed during a cryogenic pressurization test on February 28, 2020, due to a design flaw in the lower tank thrust structure.[114] [115]

Mk4 began construction in Florida in October 2019,[116] but was scrapped after a few weeks.

Hops (SN3–SN6)

SN3 and SN4

SN3 was destroyed during testing on April 3, 2020[54] due to a failure in the testing configuration.[117] SN4 passed cryogenic pressure testing on April 26[118] and two static fires on May 5 and May 7: one tested the main tanks, while the other tested the fuel header tank.[119] After uninstalling the engine, a new cryogenic pressure test was conducted on May 19. A leak in the methane fuel piping ignited, causing significant damage to the rocket's base, destroying the control wiring.[120] SN4 was destroyed on May 29, due to a failure with the Ground Support Equipment's quick-disconnect function.[121]

SN5 and SN6

After a static fire test on July 30,[122] SN5 completed a 150-meter flight (August 4) with engine SN27.[123] SN5 was scrapped in February 2021.[124]

SN6 completed a static fire on August 24, and a 150-meter hop test flight with engine SN29 on September 3. In January 2021, SN6 was scrapped.[125]

High-altitude test flights (SN8–S23)

SN8 and SN9

SN8 was planned to be built out of 304L stainless steel,[126] although some parts may have used 301L steel.[127] In late October and November, SN8 underwent four static fires. During the third test, on November 12, 2020, debris from the pad caused the vehicle to lose pneumatics.[128] Launch took place on December 9. Launch, ascent, reorientation, and controlled descent were successful, but low pressure in the methane header tank[129] kept the engines from producing enough thrust for the landing burn, destroying SN8 on impact.[130]

On December 11, the stand beneath SN9 failed, causing the vehicle to tip and contact the walls inside the High Bay.[131] SN9 then required a replacement forward flap.[132] SN9 conducted 6 static fires in January 2021,[133] including three static fires in one day.[134] After these tests, two engines had to be replaced.[135] After struggling to gain FAA permission,[136] SN9 conducted a flight test on February 2. Ascent, engine cutoffs, reorientation and controlled descent were stable, but one engine's oxygen pre-burner failed, sending SN9 crashing into the landing pad.[137] The landing pad was then reinforced with an additional layer of concrete.[138] After the SN9 failure, all three engines were used to perform the belly flop landing sequence. This offered a failsafe should one fail to ignite.[139] [140]

SN10–SN14

SN10 underwent a cryogenic proof test on February 8, followed by a static fire on February 23.[68] After an engine swap, another static fire was conducted on February 25.[141]

Two launch attempts were conducted on March 3. The first attempt was automatically aborted after one engine produced too much thrust while throttling up. After a 3-hour delay to increase the tolerance,[142] the second attempt landed without exploding. The test ended with a hard landing-at 10 m/s – most likely due to partial helium ingestion from the fuel header tank. Three landing legs were not locked in place, producing a slight lean after landing. Although the vehicle initially remained intact, the impact crushed the legs and part of the leg skirt. Eight minutes later the prototype exploded.[143] [144]

SN11 accomplished a cryogenic proof test on March 12 that included a test of the Reaction control system (RCS),[145] [146] followed by a static fire test on March 15, 2021. Immediately after ignition, the test was aborted.[147] Another static fire attempt[148] led to reports that one of the three engines had been removed for repairs.[149] A replacement engine was installed[150] and a third static fire was attempted on March 26.[151] A 10 km flight test was conducted in heavy fog on March 30. The test included engine cutoffs, flip maneuver, flap control and descent, along with a visible fire on engine 2[152] during the ascent. Just after the defective engine was re-ignited for the landing burn, SN11 lost telemetry at T+ 5:49 and disintegrated.[153] SN12 through SN14 never launched.[154]

SN15–SN19

SN15 introduced improved avionics software, an updated aft skirt propellant architecture, and a new Raptor design and configuration.[155] [156] A Starlink antenna on the side of the vehicle was another new feature.[157] SN15 underwent an ambient temperature pressure test on April 9, 2021,[158] followed by a cryogenic proof test on April 12, and a header tank cryogenic proof test on April 13.[159] [160] A static fire was conducted on April 26,[77] [78] and a header tank static fire on April 27 followed.[161] A high-altitude flight test was conducted in overcast weather on May 5, achieving a soft touchdown. A small fire near the base started shortly after landing, though this was extinguished.[162] After its engines were removed, it was moved to the Rocket Garden on May 31.[163] On July 26, 2023, SN15 was scrapped.[164]

SN16 and SN17 were scrapped, and SN18 and SN19 were never completed.

SN20/Ship 20–Ship 23

SN20 was the first vehicle with a complete thermal protection system (TPS). SN20 rolled out to the launch mount on August 5, 2021, and was stacked onto Booster 4 for a fit test.[165] [166] FCC filings in May 2021 by SpaceX stated that the orbital flight would launch from Boca Chica. After separation, Starship would enter orbit and around 90 minutes later attempt a soft ocean landing around 100 km off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii.[167] However, S20 was retired in March 2022. As of April 2024, SN20 (Ship 20) remains in the Rocket Garden.

Ship 21 was scrapped before being completed.[168]

Ship 22 moved to the Rocket Garden in late February 2022. It was later scrapped, in favor of using S24 for IFT-1.[168]

Ship 23 was scrapped and partially recycled in Ship 24.[169]

V1 launches (S24–S35)

Ship 24 and Ship 25

See also: Starship flight test 1.

Ship 24 was first spotted in November 2021, and made cryogenic proof tests on June 2, 2022, June 6, 2022, and June 7, 2022.[170] [171] On June 9, 2022, Ship 24 was rolled back to the production site for engine installation.[172] On July 5, 2022, Ship 24 was rolled back to the launch site and lifted onto Suborbital Pad B a day later.[173] [174] Ship 24 then conducted a successful spin prime test on July 18, 2022.[175] On July 20, 2022, Ship 24 completed two successful spin prime tests.[176] On July 21, 2022, Ship 24 again conducted two spin prime tests, the first test use one engine, while the second test involved two engines.[177] On July 28, 2022, Ship 24 successfully completed a forward flap test.[178] Ship 24 completed two additional successful spin prime tests on August 8, 2022.[179] It was static fired with two engines on August 9, 2022.[180] [181] [182] On August 24, 2022, Ship 24 successfully completed an ignitor test with all 6 of its engines.[183] On August 25, 2022, Ship 24 went through an additional spin prime test.[184] On September 8, 2022, Ship 24 underwent a six engine static fire test,[185] [186] which damaged around 30 of its 18,000 ceramic tiles.[187] The ship was repaired, and was subsequently stacked on top of Booster 7 in mid-October, before being destacked on October 16, 2022,[188] and restacked on October 20, 2022.[189] On November 8, 2022, Ship 24 was destacked again for static fire tests.[190] On December 15, 2022, Ship 24 conducted a single engine static test fire.[191] [192] On January 9, 2023, Ship 24 was stacked on Booster 7,[193] and then destacked on January 24, 2023.[194] On January 26, 2023, Ship 24 was rolled back to the production site for final TPS work.[194] On March 31, 2023, Ship 24 was rolled to the launch site for the final time before launch.[195] On April 5, 2023, Ship 24 had two lift attempts, the first attempt was aborted, however the second attempt, less than a few hours after the first, was successful.[196] On April 12, 2023, Ship 24 was destacked for flight termination system (FTS) installation before launch.[197] On April 15, 2023, Ship 24 was stacked onto Booster 7 for the final time before launch.[198] On April 20, 2023, it was destroyed in flight along with Booster 7 after spinning out of control.[199] [200]

See also: Starship flight test 2.

Ship 25 was a Starship prototype similar to the destroyed Ship 24.[201] It flew on the second Integrated Flight Test with Booster 9 and was the first Starship to pass the Kármán Line and reach space.[202] Like Ship 24, Ship 25 featured a heat shield. A payload bay was also built, but was permanently sealed shut. It was used to test the cryogenic test stands at Massey's. During the third week of May 2023, Ship 25 was moved to the launch site and lifted onto suborbital pad B in preparation for engine testing. On June 21, 2023, Ship 25 performed a successful spin prime test. On June 24, 2023, it was announced that Ship 25 would be the first vehicle to use hot-staging (when the second stage fires its engines while some of the booster's engines are still firing). On June 26, 2023, Ship 25 underwent its first static fire test, igniting all six engines. On August 5, 2023, it was moved to the Rocket Garden for final TPS work. On September 5, 2023, it was moved back to the Orbital Launch Site, followed by stacking onto B9. On September 14, 2023, it was removed from B9. On September 27, 2023, it was lifted back onto B9, before being destacked on October 5, 2023. It was then restacked on October 16, 2023, only to be destacked the next day. This was followed by a restack three days later. On October 24, B9 and S25 completed a WDR. On October 26, 2023, S25 was removed from B9. It was restacked on November 1, 2023, and then destacked on November 2, 2023,[203] followed by FTS installation on November 9, 2023. On November 10, 2023, S25 was stacked onto B9, and then destacked on November 11, 2023. On November 15, 2023, S25 was stacked onto B9 for the Second Integrated Flight Test.[204] Due to a failed grid fin actuator on B9, S25 was destacked on November 16, and restacked on November 17.

On November 18, 2023, Ship 25 was launched atop Booster 9 on the second Integrated Flight Test. Ship 25 successfully separated from Booster 9. Near the end of its burn, a LOX dump started a fire in the engine bay, causing an explosion. The autonomous flight termination system activated, destroying the vehicle.

Ship 26 and 27

Ship 26 is an expendable Starship prototype, lacking heat shield tiles and flaps. Ship 26 also lacks a payload bay door. After several cryogenic tests, S26 was moved to the engine installation stand. In December 2023, S26 was moved to the Rocket Garden.[205] On September 9, 2023, S26 was moved to Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing. S26 then underwent a cryogenic test on October 9, 2023, followed by a preburner test with a single engine nine days later, a first for vehicles equipped with Raptor 2 engines.[206] This was followed by a single engine static fire test on October 20, 2023, simulating a deorbit burn. It was moved back to the Rocket Garden one week later.[207] On December 7, 2023, S26 was placed on an engine stand, and a crane was attached to S26, potentially indicating an imminent scrapping.[208] However, on December 11, 2023, the crane was detached from S26, and S26 was returned to the Rocket Garden.[209] On December 16, 2023, SpaceX crews began welding large steel pieces onto the stack weld connecting S26's payload bay and forward dome sections, likely an attempt to reinforce the payload bay, although it is unclear what the reason behind this reinforcement is.[210] Additional supports were added on December 20, 2023.[211] S26 was moved into Mega Bay 2 on May 7, 2024,[212] and rolled to the Masseys site on May 8 for static fire stand testing.[213] [214] S26 conducted a cryo test on May 24,[215] followed by a six engine[216] static fire on June 3.[217] On June 12, S26 was moved to the Rocket Garden,[218] where it remained until August 13, when it was moved into Mega Bay 2.[219] S26s engines were removed on August 14,[220] before being returned to the rocket garden.[221]

Like S26, S27 was an expendable prototype, lacking heat shield tiles. It was the first Ship to have a reinforced payload dispenser. Ship 27 was scrapped on July 20, 2023, after the common dome failed.[222] S27's aft section was then converted into a test article, presumably to test the engine shielding design present on S25.[223] On September 27, 2023, S27 was rolled to the Massey's test site.

Ships 28–32

See also: Starship flight test 3.

Ship 28, along with subsequent V1 models, features heat shield tiles as well as reinforced Starlink satellite dispensers.[224] In July 2023, S28 underwent cryogenic testing, before being moved onto the engine installation stand. On August 18, 2023, S28 began to have its engines installed.[225] On November 23, 2023, S28 was moved to the High Bay for TPS work. On December 7, 2023, SpaceX confirmed that S28 would be the next vehicle to fly.[226] On December 14, 2023, S28 was moved to the launch site and lifted onto suborbital Pad B for static fire testing. On December 16, 2023, S28 completed a spin prime test, followed by a six engine static fire test on December 20, 2023. This was followed by a deorbit burn test on December 29, 2023. In early January 2024, S28 was moved back to the production site. On January 25, S28 was briefly removed from the High Bay, before returning after realignment of its SPMTs. On January 27, 2024, S28 was moved to the Sanchez site, where it was lifted onto the Engine Installation Stand. There, at least one engine was replaced on January 31, 2024.

S28 was moved to the Orbital Launch Site for IFT-3 on February 10, 2024, and was stacked onto B10. S28 was then destacked on February 12, 2024, potentially due to an issue with the Vented Interstage. On February 13, 2024, S28 was restacked onto B10.[227] On February 14, 2024, a Wet Dress Rehearsal (WDR) attempt was aborted. A second WDR was attempted on February 16, 2024, and it was also aborted.[228] On February 18, 2024, S28 was destacked, and on February 19, it was lifted onto Suborbital Pad B. It underwent a spin prime test on February 26, 2024, before being removed from Suborbital Pad B on February 28, 2024. S28 was stacked on B10 on March 1, 2024. On March 3, 2024, B10 and S28 completed a WDR. On March 5, 2024, S28 was destacked for FTS arming. The FTS was armed on March 8, 2024, followed by S28 being restacked on March 10, 2024. S28 flew with B10 on March 14, 2024, and reached orbit. It conducted tests of the Payload Dispenser and fuel transfer system, before being destroyed during reentry.[229]

See also: Starship flight test 4.

On September 22, 2023, S29 was moved to Masseys for cryogenic testing, where it was cryogenically tested on September 26, 2023.[230] On October 13, 2023, S29 was temporarily moved to the Rocket Garden. On November 21, 2023, S29 was moved into the High Bay. In late December, 2023, S29 was moved into Mega Bay 2. It was returned to the High Bay in late February 2024.[231] On February 29, S29 was moved to the launch site, and was lifted onto Pad B on March 2, 2024. S29 underwent a cryogenic test on March 7, 2024,[232] followed by a spin prime test on March 11, 2024.[233] On March 12, 2024, S29 was removed from Suborbital Pad B,[234] followed by a rollback to the production site. On March 22, 2024, it was moved back to the launch site, before being lifted onto Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing. On March 25, 2024, Ship 29 conducted a six engine static fire test.[235] A single engine static fire test was conducted on March 27, 2024. On March 28, it was removed from Pad B, before being returned to the High Bay for Pre-flight modifications. S29 was moved into Mega Bay 2 on May 10.

On May 11, S29 was moved to the Orbital Launch Site for IFT-4.[236] It was lifted onto B11 on May 15,[237] with the combined vehicle completing a partial Wet Dress Rehearsal on May 16.[238] A full Wet Dress Rehearsal was conducted on May 20,[239] followed by S29 being destacked for additional tile work on May 21.[240] It was restacked on May 26, followed by a second Wet Dress Rehearsal on May 28.[241] Ship 29 was destacked on May 29 for final tile work and Flight Termination System (FTS) installation, with FTS installation occurring on May 30. S29 was restacked on June 1, followed by a third destack on June 4. S29 was stacked onto B11 for the fourth and final time on June 5. On June 6, S29 was launched with B11 on IFT-4, with S29 completing a full ascent burn with 0 engine failures.[242] It retained attitude control into reentry, despite the near-complete loss of a forward flap, and achieved a successful landing burn. As of June 8, S29 is the largest artificial object to reenter Earth's atmosphere.[243]

See also: Starship flight test 5.

S30 was removed from the High Bay on November 22, 2023. On November 23, 2023, S30 was moved to the High Bay.[244] S30 was moved to Massey's for cryogenic testing on December 30, 2023.[245] On January 3, 2024, S30 underwent its first cryogenic test.[246] On January 10, S30 was returned to the High Bay. It was moved into Mega Bay 2 on April 4, 2024, before being lifted onto Engine Installation Stand 2.[247] The engines were installed between April 8 and April 9, 2024.[248] On May 1, 2024, it was rolled to the Suborbital Launch Site,[249] where it was lifted onto Suborbital Pad B for static fire testing.[250] It conducted a cryogenic test on May 7,[212] followed by an aborted static fire test.[251] On May 8, it completed a 6 engine static fire test,[91] which was also the last static fire to be conducted at the Suborbital Launch Site.[213] It was removed from Pad B on May 10,[252] before being rolled to the production site.[253] S30 was moved into the High Bay on May 11.[254] On June 5, at least one RVAC was replaced for unknown reasons.[255] On June 9, Musk claimed that SpaceX would be replacing S30s entire heat shield as a result of data gathered from IFT-4,[256] with an ablative heat shield underneath for secondary protection.[257] The removal of Thermal Protection System tiles began on June 11.[258] On July 20, S30 was moved into Mega Bay 2 and lifted onto the static fire stand[259] ahead of a rollout to Masseys. It conducted a 6 engine static fire on July 26,[260] and rolled back to the production site for preflight modifications on July 27.[261] One of S30s raptor vacuum engines was replaced on August 3.[262] On August 6, S30 was rolled back to Masseys for additional engine testing.[263] It conducted a spin prime on August 7.[264] SpaceX claimed that B12 and S30 were ready to fly on August 8. S30 was then rolled back to the production site for preflight modifications.[265]

See also: Starship flight test 6. On December 14, 2023, S31 was moved to the Rocket Garden,[266] before being moved back into the High Bay on January 4.[267] It was rolled to Masseys for cryogenic testing on May 11.[268] On May 12, S31 conducted a cryogenic test, ending prematurely due to an electrical anomaly.[269] It was rolled back to the production site for repairs on May 15. On July 1, it returned to Masseys for cryogenic testing.[270] It was cryo tested on July 2 and July 3.[271] On July 5, S31 was moved to Mega Bay 2 for engine installation.[272] Engine installation began on July 22.[273] On July 25, S31 was rolled into the High Bay for additional work.[274] The process of replacing S31's thermal protection system began in early august.[275]

On November 24, Elon Musk implied that either S32 or S31 would be the last V1 starship.[276] On January 10, 2024, S32 was moved to the Rocket Garden.[277] On June 21, the FCC confirmed that Flight 7 would use a v2 vehicle.[278]

Ships 33–38

In late November, 2023, the original S33's components were scrapped,[279] alongside the components of the original S34 through S38.[280]

V2 launches (Ships 33 and subsequent)

V2 ships will feature a new forward flap design, increased propellant capacity, and an increase in thrust.[281] Additionally, the leeward side of the vehicle has some external stringers.[282] These vehicles will be a total of meters taller than the previous V1 ships.

On July 24, 2024, S33s nosecone and payload bay were rolled into Mega Bay 2.[283]

Test articles

Starship-based test articles

Starship test articles!Name!First spotted!Decommissioned!Construction site!Status!Tests
January 2020[284] January 25, 2020[285] Boca Chica, Texas2
SN2February 2020[286] March 2020[287] Boca Chica, Texas1
SN7May 2020[288] June 23, 2020[289] Boca Chica, Texas2
SN7.1July 2020September 22, 2020[290] Boca Chica, Texas2
SN7.2December 2020[291] May 22, 2021Boca Chica, Texas2
S26.1November 2022September 2023Boca Chica, Texas3
S24.2June 20232024Boca Chica, Texas2
TT16July 2024Boca Chica, Texas2

Liquid Oxygen Header Test Tank (LOX HTT) was based on the LOX Header tank, as well as surrounding parts of the nosecone. On January 24, 2020, the tank underwent a pressurization test which lasted several hours.[292] The following day it was tested to destruction.

SN2 was a test tank used to test welding quality and thrust puck design. The thrust puck is found on the bottom of the vehicle where in later Starship tests up to three sea-level Raptor engines would be mounted. SN2 passed a pressure test on March 8, 2020.

SN7 was a pathfinder test article for the switch to type 304L stainless steel. A cryogenic proof test was performed on June 15, 2020, achieving a pressure of before a leak occurred. During a pressurize to failure test on June 23, 2020, the tank burst at an unknown pressure.[293]

SN7.1 was the second 304L test tank, with the goal of reaching a higher failure pressure. The tank was repeatedly tested in September, and tested to destruction on September 23.[294] The bulkhead came apart at a pressure of in ullage and at base.[295]

SN7.2 was created to test thinner walls, and therefore, lower mass. It is believed to be constructed from 3 mm steel sheets rather than the 4 mm thickness of its predecessors.[296] On January 26, 2021, SN7.2 passed a cryogenic proof test. On February 4, during a pressurize to failure test, the tank developed a leak.[297] [298] On March 15, SN7.2 was retired.[299] [300]

S26.1 was a test tank designed to test the aft section of ships after S24. It conducted two tests on the can-crusher, before being moved off in July 2023.[301] On September 21, 2023, it was tested to destruction.[302]

S24.2 was a test article designed to test the payload bay of Starlink dispenser vehicles.[303] On September 28, 2023, it was moved to the Masseys test site. It preformed two tests before subsequently being scrapped.

TT16 is a test tank designed for testing the V2 ship aft section,[304] [305] consisting of an aft section and a small common dome section.[306] On July 18, it was rolled to Masseys for structural testing. It conducted two cryo tests on July 25,[307] and was then returned to the production site.[308] On August 17, it was rolled to Masseys for additional testing.[309]

General test articles

General test articles! Name! First spotted! Decommissioned! Construction site! Status! Tests
January 2020[310] January 10, 2020[311] Boca Chica, Texas1
January 2020[312] January 29, 2020[313] Boca Chica, Texas2
GSE 4.1August 2021January 18, 2022Boca Chica, Texas2
EDOME2022Late October 2022Boca Chica, Texas2
EDOME 2September 2023December 2023Boca Chica, Texas1

Test Tank 1 (TT1) was a subscale test tank consisting of two forward bulkheads connected by a small barrel section. TT1 was used to test new materials and construction methods. On January 10, 2020, TT1 was tested to failure as part of an ambient temperature test, reaching a pressure of .[311] [314]

Test Tank 2 (TT2) was another subscale test tank similar to TT1. On January 27, 2020, TT2 underwent an ambient temperature pressure test where it reached a pressure of before a leak occurred.[315] Two days later, it underwent a cryogenic proof test to destruction, bursting at .[316] [313] [317]

GSE 4.1 was first spotted in August 2021 and was the first ground support equipment (GSE) test tank built, made from parts of GSE 4. It underwent a cryogenic proof test on August 2023 before it was rolled to Sanchez site.[318] It was rolled back to the launch site in November 2021, where it underwent an apparent cryogenic proof test to failure on January 18, 2022, where it burst at an unknown pressure.[91]

EDOME was a test tank created to test flatter domes, possibly used on future Starship prototypes. It was moved to the launch site in July 2022, and then back to the production site the next month, after undergoing no tests.[319] It was later moved from the production site to the Massey's test site in late September 2022, where it was damaged during a cryogenic pressure test to failure.[264] After repairs, it was tested to destruction in late October 2022.[264]

EDOME 2 was a test tank which is likely designed to continue testing a flatter dome design. As of October 4, 2023, its official designation is unknown. It was tested once, before being scrapped for unknown reasons.[320]

See also

References

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  59. Web site: Baylor . Michael . August 3, 2020 . Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210201174033/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/starship-sn5-set-150-meter-flight-test/ . February 1, 2021 . August 6, 2020 . NASASpaceflight.
  60. Web site: Bergin . Chris . February 7, 2021 . Starship SN10's Raptors installed as testing begins . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008004641/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/02/starship-sn10s-raptors-installed-refined-attempt/ . October 8, 2021 . April 29, 2023 . NasaSpaceFlight . RIP SN5 workers began cutting into the SN5 sections.
  61. 1259714409250914305 . fael097 . SN6's fwd dome sleeved Awesome pictures by Mary aka @BocaChicaGal . May 11, 2020.
  62. Web site: June 5, 2020 . SpaceX set for a swift return to testing following Starship SN4 anomaly . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200606022344/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/spacex-swift-testin-starship-sn4-anomaly/ . June 6, 2020 . April 29, 2023.
  63. Web site: Bergin . Chris . August 23, 2020 . Starship SN6 fires up Raptor SN29 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200824005600/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/starship-sn6-raptor-sn29/ . August 24, 2020 . April 29, 2023 . . en-US.
  64. Web site: Malik . Tariq . September 3, 2020 . SpaceX launches Starship SN6 prototype test flight on heels of Starlink mission . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211123080948/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn6-first-test-flight.html . November 23, 2021 . April 29, 2023 . . en-US.
  65. Web site: January 7, 2021 . Up close and personal with SN6 as it gets dismantled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230415215321/https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=52398.365 . April 15, 2023 . April 29, 2023.
  66. Web site: Ralph . Eric . December 10, 2020 . SpaceX Starship nails 'flip' maneuver in explosive landing video . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419221602/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-nearly-sticks-landing-high-altitude-debut/amp/ . April 19, 2023 . April 29, 2023 . www.teslarati.com.
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  72. Web site: March 31, 2021 . SpaceX launches Starship SN11 rocket prototype, but misses landing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230424152929/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn11-rocket-launch-2nd-attempt . April 24, 2023 . April 29, 2023 . Space.com.
  73. SpaceX Boca Chica – SN5 and SN6 Moved Outside – SN12 Leg Skirt (30 September) . October 1, 2020 . YouTube . February 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413013009/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-P4syEYRN_E&t=669s . April 13, 2021 . live.
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  75. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship SN14 parts arrive . October 10, 2020 . YouTube . February 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413013006/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs1Lq8tLPeE&t=256s . April 13, 2021 . live . NASASpaceflight.
  76. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship SN15 appears amid SN11 Stacking and Lunar Mock Up outfitting . November 18, 2020 . YouTube . February 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413013005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnQ2kswg6N8&t=501s . April 13, 2021 . live . NASASpaceflight.
  77. 1386801847504154624 . NASASpaceflight . STATIC FIRE! . April 26, 2021.
  78. 1386836238771105793 . elonmusk . Starship SN15 static fire completed, preparing for flight later this week . April 27, 2021.
  79. Web site: May 6, 2021 . SpaceX Starship prototype makes clean landing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419161055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-57004604 . April 19, 2023 . April 29, 2023 . BBC.
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  83. SpaceX Boca Chica: Super Heavy BN2 Forward Dome Spotted – Damaged Raptor Loaded onto Raptor Van . January 19, 2021 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210212075520/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhonlNcOp6o . February 12, 2021 . live . YouTube.
  84. Web site: February 25, 2021 . Starship SN10 Static Fires twice – Super Heavy waiting in the wings . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035246/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/02/starship-sn10-launch-super-heavy-waiting/ . April 17, 2023 . April 29, 2023.
  85. SpaceX Boca Chica – SN20 Leg Skirt Spotted – BN1 Booster Double Section Lifted Onto New Stand . March 8, 2021 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509164540/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7i3tTjGJkw . May 9, 2021 . live . YouTube.
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  110. Web site: Grush . Loren . November 20, 2019 . SpaceX's prototype Starship rocket partially bursts during testing in Texas . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191121085720/https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/20/20974884/spacex-starship-rocket-prototype-failure-test-texas . November 21, 2019 . March 10, 2020 . The Verge.
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  113. 1210756057791729665 . elonmusk . We're now building flight design of Starship SN1, but each SN will have at least minor improvements, at least through SN20 or so of Starship V1.0 . Elon . Musk.
  114. Web site: Wall . Mike . March 10, 2020 . SpaceX's latest Starship prototype passes big tank pressure test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200311202449/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn2-prototype-pressure-test.html . March 11, 2020 . March 10, 2020 . Space.com.
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  117. Web site: April 5, 2020 . Starship SN3 failure due to bad commanding. SN4 already under construction . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200422214616/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/04/spacex-starship-sn3-ground-flight-testing/ . April 22, 2020 . April 19, 2020 . NASASpaceFlight.com . en-US.
  118. Web site: Baylor . Michael . April 26, 2020 . SN4 becomes first full-scale Starship prototype to pass cryogenic proof test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200427083653/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/04/starship-sn4-set-for-test/ . April 27, 2020 . September 23, 2020 . NASASpaceflight.
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  122. Web site: Bergin . Chris . July 27, 2020 . Starship SN5 completes successful Static Fire test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200802003801/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/07/starship-sn5-waits-for-sf/ . August 2, 2020 . August 4, 2020 . NASASpaceFlight.com.
  123. Web site: Etherington . Darrell . August 5, 2020 . SpaceX Successfully Flies its Starship Prototype to a Height of Around 500 Feet . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210519235715/https://techcrunch.com/2020/08/04/spacex-successfully-flies-its-starship-prototype-to-a-height-of-around-500-feet/ . May 19, 2021 . May 6, 2023 . techcrunch.
  124. 1357335994941526016 . bocachicagal . The crew are currently cutting around the upper portion of Starship SN5. . February 4, 2021 . February 4, 2021.
  125. SpaceX Boca Chica: New 3mm Thick Test Tank Stacked – Starship SN6 Scrapped . January 12, 2021 . YouTube . . May 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211123081028/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HP6ZKKgjAic&t=637s . November 23, 2021 . live.
  126. News: Baylor . Michael . July 15, 2020 . Starship SN5 set for a static fire followed shortly by a 150-meter hop attempt . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716224607/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/07/starship-sn5-static-fire-150-meter-hop/ . July 16, 2020 . July 17, 2020 . . The most recent test tank, designated SN7, achieved a record pressure before it failed. SN7 was the pathfinder vehicle for the switch to 304L stainless steel. The next test tank – designated SN7.1 – will feature further build-quality improvements, as it attempts to break the record set by SN7..
  127. Web site: November 1, 2020 . As Starships line up, Musk calibrates expectations for SN8 test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201102222914/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/starships-line-up-musk-expectations-sn8-test/ . November 2, 2020 . November 3, 2020.
  128. Web site: Baylor . Michael . Starship SN8 History . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210208114709/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/11 . February 8, 2021 . January 29, 2021 . nextspaceflight.com . en.
  129. 1336809767574982658 . elonmusk . Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to be high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! Congrats SpaceX team hell yeah!! . Elon . Musk . Elon Musk . December 9, 2020 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210628224624/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1336809767574982658 . June 28, 2021 . live.
  130. Web site: Wall . Mike . December 10, 2020 . SpaceX's Starship SN8 Prototype Soars on Epic Test Launch, with Explosive Landing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210123020133/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexs-starship-sn8-prototype-soars-on-epic-test-launch-with-explosive-landing/ . January 23, 2021 . March 3, 2021 . Scientific American.
  131. News: Ralph . Eric . December 14, 2020 . SpaceX almost drops finished Starship prototype – but it might be salvageable . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210218080628/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-prototype-sn9-damaged/ . February 18, 2021 . February 13, 2021 . TESLARATI.
  132. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship SN9 Gets a New Forward Flap – Tankzilla Prepared for move . December 20, 2020 . YouTube . NASASpaceflight . May 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211123081034/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wozJsZR6kZE&t=52s . November 23, 2021 . live.
  133. Web site: Baylor . Michael . Starship SN9 History . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210201023256/https://nextspaceflight.com/starship/hardware/12 . February 1, 2021 . January 29, 2021 . nextspaceflight.com . en.
  134. Web site: Wall . Mike . January 13, 2021 . SpaceX's Starship SN9 prototype fires up rocket engines three times in one day . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210113221247/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn9-two-static-fire-tests . January 13, 2021 . January 14, 2021 . Space.com . en.
  135. Web site: Wall . Mike . January 15, 2021 . SpaceX swapping out two engines on Starship SN9 prototype ahead of test flight . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122180400/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn9-engine-swap . January 22, 2021 . January 17, 2021 . Space.com . en.
  136. News: Foust . Jeff . January 29, 2021 . FAA reviews delay SpaceX Starship test . January 30, 2021 . SpaceNews.
  137. 1356702359901138946 . NASASpaceflight . Nice try, SN9! But didn't hit SN10 or the Tank Farm. You're next, SN10! . Chris Bergin – NSF . February 2, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210210160850/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1356702359901138946 . February 10, 2021 . live.
  138. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship Landing Pad Work ahead of SN10 Launch – SN11/SN16 Prepare . February 11, 2021 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210520011349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dF2X2Bl9fps . May 20, 2021 . live . YouTube.
  139. 1357422799330107393 . elonmusk . It was foolish of us not to start 3 engines & immediately shut down 1, as 2 are needed to land. Will these changes be able to be implemented into the SN10 test flight? Yes. . February 4, 2021.
  140. News: Bergin . Chris . February 7, 2021 . Starship SN10's Raptors installed ahead of testing and refined landing attempt . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008004641/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/02/starship-sn10s-raptors-installed-refined-attempt/ . October 8, 2021 . February 8, 2021 . NASASpaceflight.
  141. Web site: Wall . Mike . February 25, 2021 . SpaceX fires up SN10 Starship prototype for 2nd time . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227124416/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn10-second-engine-static-fire-test . February 27, 2021 . May 6, 2023 . space.com.
  142. 1367213114228318209 . elonmusk . Launch abort on slightly conservative high thrust limit. Increasing thrust limit & recycling propellant for another flight attempt today..
  143. News: March 4, 2021 . SpaceX's Starship rocket lands but then explodes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210818094740/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56274183 . August 18, 2021 . May 6, 2023 . BBC News.
  144. Web site: March 10, 2021 . Elon Musk reveals why the SN10 Starship exploded . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210505233908/https://www.engadget.com/sn-10-starship-explosion-elon-musk-070217155.html . May 5, 2021 . May 6, 2023 . Engadget.
  145. 1370210125923950597 . NASASpaceflight . Road open and workers heading back to the pad, led by the SpaceX Security Tesla with its disco lights flashing. That concludes Cryo proof testing for Starship SN11. . Chris Bergin – NSF . March 11, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210312030858/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1370210125923950597 . March 12, 2021 . live.
  146. 1370194847873822725 . NASASpaceflight . Starship SN11 RCS (Reaction Control System) testing. . March 12, 2021 . March 12, 2021 . en-US.
  147. 1371513512078499854 . NASASpaceflight . Starship SN11. Aborted Static Fire. . March 15, 2021 . March 15, 2021 . en-US.
  148. 1373997275593248769 . NASASpaceflight . STATIC FIRE! Starship SN11 has fired up her three engines ahead of a test flight (as early as Tuesday), pending good test data (looked/sounded good!) . Chris Bergin – NSF . March 22, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210410093506/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1373997275593248769 . April 10, 2021 . live.
  149. 1374930415568347139 . nextspaceflight . SpaceX will conduct a second static fire test after one of three Raptor engines on Starship SN11 had to be removed for repairs. The static fire could occur as soon as Friday, pending Raptor readiness and road closures. . Michael . Baylor . March 24, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210331073712/https://twitter.com/nextspaceflight/status/1374930415568347139 . March 31, 2021 . live.
  150. 1374965876357742594 . TrevorMahlmann . It's up and it's good! SpaceX Raptor 46 has risen up into the engine bay to be installed . Trevor . Mahlmann . March 25, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210331023710/https://twitter.com/TrevorMahlmann/status/1374965876357742594 . March 31, 2021 . live.
  151. 1375434893207994372 . NASASpaceflight . STATIC FIRE! Starship SN11 fires up (at least) Raptor SN46. Providing the data review is good, a launch will be attempted later today. . Chris Bergin – NSF . March 26, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210329132905/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1375434893207994372 . March 29, 2021 . live.
  152. 1376891464333017090 . elonmusk . @SpaceX Looks like engine 2 had issues on ascent & didn't reach operating chamber pressure during landing burn, but, in theory, it wasn't needed. Something significant happened shortly after landing burn start. Should know what it was once we can examine the bits later today. . Elon . Musk . Elon Musk . March 30, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210531040101/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1376891464333017090 . May 31, 2021 . live.
  153. 1376884533841170432 . NASASpaceflight . Ended in a RUD. Remember, it's a test program and they've gained a lot of wins from the four flights. Stable controlled descent is one, but long-duration Raptor performance deserves a shoutout. . Chris Bergin – NSF . March 30, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210424160130/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1376884533841170432 . April 24, 2021 . live.
  154. 1353047715270205440 . bocachicagal . Meanwhile, at SpaceX Boca Chica Starship SN10 took a peek out of the high bay as Starship SN12's aft section was being scrapped. . January 23, 2021.
  155. 1331391132367015937 . elonmusk . Major upgrades are slated for SN15 . November 25, 2020.
  156. Web site: May 5, 2021 . Starship SN15 Flight Test . https://web.archive.org/web/20210505220306/https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/ . May 5, 2021 . May 6, 2021 . SpaceX.
  157. Web site: April 14, 2021 . SpaceX installs Starlink dish on upgraded Starship prototype . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230330205806/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-sn15-starlink-dish-installed/ . March 30, 2023 . May 6, 2023.
  158. 1380639834792984579 . op_boca . Today, SpaceX teams conducted an ambient pressure test of Starship SN15. . April 9, 2021.
  159. Web site: April 12, 2021 . SpaceX's upgraded Starship gets frosty during cryogenic proof test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230419201548/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-upgraded-starship-sn15-first-big-tests/ . April 19, 2023 . May 6, 2023.
  160. Web site: April 8, 2021 . When will SN15 launch? Live Updates . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210414221104/https://everydayastronaut.com/when-will-sn15-launch-live-updates/ . April 14, 2021 . April 14, 2021.
  161. 1387292998644473857 . TheFavoritist . Starship SN15 static fires its Raptors again, though this time we believe only a single was engine fired. . April 28, 2021.
  162. Web site: Timmer . John . May 5, 2021 . SpaceX successfully lands a Starship test flight . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210505235817/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/05/spacex-successfully-lands-a-starship-test-flight/ . May 5, 2021 . May 6, 2023 . . en-US.
  163. Web site: SN15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221207192927/https://starshipcampaign.com/starship/sn15/#:~:text=Retirement,prototype%20to%20have%20that%20honour . December 7, 2022 . 2021-11-19 . The Starship Campaign.
  164. .
  165. 1379904500744527877 . NASASpaceflight . As Starship SN15 prepares to roll to the launch site, the Forward Dome of SN20 has been spotted, with this vehicle set to be an Orbital Class Starship. . April 7, 2021.
  166. 1380646421410377728 . _brendan_lewis . The current status of SpaceX's Starship & Superheavy prototypes. . April 9, 2021.
  167. Web site: Clark . Stephen . SpaceX outlines plans for Starship orbital test flight – Spaceflight Now . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210514183803/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/05/13/spacex-outlines-plans-for-around-the-world-starship-test-flight/ . May 14, 2021 . 2021-05-14 . en-US.
  168. Web site: Jax . 2024-04-14 . Something New: What's the Hardware Status of Starship Version 2? . 2024-04-16 . Ringwatchers.
  169. News: Wall . Mike . August 10, 2022 . SpaceX fires up Starship and Super Heavy Booster 7 ahead of test flight . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220810212457/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-super-heavy-first-static-fire . August 10, 2022 . August 11, 2022.
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  180. 1557175001446584321 . nasaspaceflight . Impressive! Ship 24 Static Fire (could be all six Raptor 2s - three Sea Level, three RVacs). Follows just a few hours after Booster 7 Static Fire. . Chris . Bergin . 2022-08-11 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035048/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1557175001446584321 . April 17, 2023 . live.
  181. .
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  186. .
  187. Web site: SpaceX's Starship SN24 Roars to Life During Six Engine Static-Fire Test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603161152/https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/sn24-static-fire . June 3, 2023 . 2022-09-09 . Tesmanian . en.
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  201. Web site: Jax . 2023-11-18 . Preparing for Flight 2: The Chronological History of S25 & B9 . 2024-06-20 . Ringwatchers.
  202. .
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  207. 1717984954322489827 . seankd_photos . Ship 26 is on the move back to the production site, watch live with @NASASpaceflight at http://nsf.live/starbase . 2023-10-27 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231027202646/https://twitter.com/seankd_photos/status/1717984954322489827 . October 27, 2023 . live.
  208. .
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  210. 1735766244278575468 . Ringwatchers . Weird Events Today with Ship 26 . December 16, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231216023509/https://twitter.com/Ringwatchers/status/1735766244278575468 . December 16, 2023 . live.
  211. 1737522753605980527 . ringwatchers . Lots of external stringers have been added to the bottom of Ship 26's Payload Bay section, now that's a weird one. . Dec 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220173602/https://twitter.com/ringwatchers/status/1737522753605980527 . December 20, 2023 . live.
  212. OLM Tested Ahead of Starship Flight 4 SpaceX Boca Chica . en . 2024-05-10 . www.youtube.com.
  213. End of an Era! SpaceX's FINAL Starship Static Fire at Historic Pad! . en . 2024-05-11 . www.youtube.com.
  214. Booster 11 Lifted Onto the OLM for Pre-Launch Testing SpaceX Boca Chica . en . 2024-05-12 . www.youtube.com.
  215. Starbase Weekly, Ep.117: Second Launch Tower Construction Begins! . 2024-05-25 . RGV Aerial Photography . 2024-05-25 . YouTube.
  216. Pre-Flight 4 Flyover - Starbase Review Episode 44 . 2024-06-05 . RGV Aerial Photography . 2024-06-05 . YouTube.
  217. It's Launch Week! (BONUS: Testing At Masseys) - Countdown to Launch . 2024-06-03 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-06-03 . YouTube.
  218. 1800746887026204893 . nasaspaceflight . Ship 26 is heading back from Masseys. . Chris . Bergin . June 12, 2024.
  219. Web site: August 13, 2024 . Ship 26 is now inside Megabay 2. . August 13, 2024 . X (Formerly Twitter).
  220. Web site: Bergin . Chris . August 14, 2024 . Old test vehicle Ship 26 is having its engines removed . August 14, 2024 . X (Formerly Twitter).
  221. Web site: August 15, 2024 . At the build site, S26 was lifted . August 15, 2024 . X (formerly Twitter).
  222. .
  223. Web site: Jax . 2023-09-28 . A Critical Test: Ship 27 Makes a Confusing Comeback . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231128225807/https://ringwatchers.com/article/s27-aft-returns . November 28, 2023 . 2023-12-01 . Ringwatchers.
  224. Web site: Jax . 2024-01-13 . Time for Round 3: What's New on Starship 28 & Booster 10? . 2024-02-26 . Ringwatchers.
  225. Web site: memereview . 2024-03-13 . Onward to Flight 3: The Complete History of S28 & B10 . 2024-06-20 . Ringwatchers.
  226. .
  227. Web site: Weber . Ryan . 2024-02-13 . Starship Flight 3 Fully Stacked for WDR testing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213175807/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/starship-3-stacked-first-time/ . February 13, 2024 . 2024-02-13 . NASASpaceFlight.com . en-US.
  228. .
  229. .
  230. Web site: memereview . 2024-06-06 . Speeding on to Flight 4: The Chronology of S29 & B11 . 2024-06-20 . Ringwatchers.
  231. .
  232. .
  233. .
  234. 1767503270858109329 . enneps . As the Starbase launch site prepares for flight three with ahead of Booster 10/Ship 28, Ship 29 was lifted off suborbital pad B, ahead of rollback to safety later today. . Elisar . Priel . Mar 12, 2024.
  235. .
  236. SpaceX Rolls Out Ship 29 for Fourth Starship Flight Test Campaign . en . 2024-05-12 . www.youtube.com.
  237. Fullstack: SpaceX Stacks Ship 29 on Booster 11 . 2024-05-12 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-05-15 . YouTube.
  238. SpaceX Tests the Full Stack of the Fourth Starship Flight Test . 2024-05-16 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-05-16 . YouTube.
  239. SpaceX Performs Wet Dress Rehearsal of Fourth Starship Flight Stack . 2024-05-20 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-05-20 . YouTube.
  240. 1792937022627238071 . bocachicagal . Destack at Starbase. . May 21, 2024.
  241. SpaceX Performs Second Wet Dress Rehearsal of Fourth Starship Flight Stack . 2024-05-28 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-05-28 . YouTube.
  242. Web site: Starship Flight 4 . 2024-06-06 . SpaceX . en.
  243. Web site: Mar 13, 2024 . Tiered Environmental Assessment for SpaceX Starship Indian Ocean Landings . Mar 17, 2024 . FAA . 101.
  244. 1727734590498902254 . nasaspaceflight . Ship 28 - unofficially the next ship to fly - has entered the High Bay after spending a long time in the Rocket Garden. . 2023-11-23 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231123171830/https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1727734590498902254 . November 23, 2023 . live.
  245. 1741081358301048937 . nasaspaceflight . Overnight Ship 30 rolled to SpaceX's Masseys test site, joining Booster 12 for cryoproofing. . Chris . Bergin . Dec 30, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231230132216/https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1741081358301048937 . December 30, 2023 . live.
  246. 1742753645563625917 . nasaspaceflight . While we wait for Ship 28 to return to the Production Site on Thursday for final pre-launch work, Ship 30 is enjoying some cryoproofing at Masseys - watched by its launch partner Booster 12. . Chris . Bergin . Jan 4, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240104120647/https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1742753645563625917 . January 4, 2024 . live.
  247. 1776091301940723918 . starshipgazer . Starship 30 has been lifted onto the new engine installation stand in Megabay 2 tonight. . Apr 5, 2024.
  248. Web site: Rhin0 . 2024-04-08 . Ship Raptor Install: S30 . 2024-04-09 . Ringwatchers.
  249. SpaceX Rolls Ship 30 for Testing . en . 2024-05-01 . www.youtube.com.
  250. Flight 5 Starship Rolled Out and Ready to Test SpaceX Boca Chica . en . 2024-05-04 . www.youtube.com.
  251. SpaceX Static Fires Ship 30 in Preparation for the Fifth Starship Flight . en . 2024-05-07 . www.youtube.com.
  252. Starbase Live: 24/7 Starship & Super Heavy Development From SpaceX's Boca Chica Facility . en . 2024-05-10 . www.youtube.com.
  253. 1789028123628978639 . nasaspaceflight . Ship 30 rollback to the production site following its static fire test. . Chris . Bergin . May 10, 2024.
  254. Starbase Live: 24/7 Starship & Super Heavy Development From SpaceX's Boca Chica Facility . en . 2024-05-11 . www.youtube.com.
  255. 1798839719964618998 . erdayastronaut . The night before #Starship's 4th flight . Tim . Dodd . June 6, 2024.
  256. 1800023566852948190 . MarcusHouse . I'd love to know if there were similar symptoms on any of the other 3 flaps. . Marcus . House . June 10, 2024.
  257. Looking Ahead To The Next Starship Flight ALREADY Starbase Update . 2024-06-10 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-06-10 . YouTube.
  258. 1800563250851164363 . starshipgazer . The removal of all of Starship 30's heatshield tiles has begun. . June 11, 2024.
  259. Web site: Bergin . Chris . July 20, 2024 . Starship Flight 5 preps . July 20, 2024 . X (formerly Twitter).
  260. Falcon 9 No Longer Grounded - SLS Core Stage Arrives at KSC - The Flame Trench . 2024-07-26 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-26 . YouTube.
  261. Web site: Bergin . Chris . July 27, 2024 . Ship 30 (Flight 5) is taking a weekend stroll . July 27, 2024 . X (formerly Twitter).
  262. Web site: August 3, 2024 . Looks like we found the reason for Ship 30's return to Mega Bay 2 . August 3, 2024 . X (formerly Twitter).
  263. Web site: Reed . Kevin . August 6, 2024 . Ship 30 on the move towards Massey's for Another Static Fire? . August 6, 2024 . X (Formerly Twitter).
  264. Web site: Weber . Ryan . 2024-08-09 . Flight 5 and 6 Preparations Underway as SpaceX reveals Raptor 3 . 2024-08-09 . NASASpaceFlight.com . en-US.
  265. Web site: Beyer . Jack . August 9, 2024 . Ship 30 rolling back to the Production Site . August 9, 2024 . X (formerlyTwitter).
  266. Building Starbase MEGA BAY 2 (9 months in 10 minutes) . en . 2024-04-11 . www.youtube.com.
  267. 1742935640499761391 . nasaspaceflight . Ship 31 going for a wander at the Production Site and heading into the High Bay. . Chris . Bergin . Jan 4, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240104182008/https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1742935640499761391 . January 4, 2024 . live.
  268. 1789159230995345769 . nasaspaceflight . With Booster 11 (Flight 4) now at the launch site. Ship 31 (Flight 6) is preparing to roll to Masseys. . Chris . Bergin . May 11, 2024.
  269. Ship 29 Rolled Out for Full Starship Stack Testing SpaceX Boca Chica . en . 2024-05-14 . www.youtube.com.
  270. Starship Launch Tower Sections Outfitted for Installation . 2024-07-03 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-03 . YouTube.
  271. 1808928224438583766 . enneps . Compilation time-lapse of the two cryo-proof tests SpaceX teams performed this week on Starship S31 . Elisar . Priel . July 4, 2024.
  272. Starbase Prepares for Tropical Storm Beryl SpaceX Boca Chica . 2024-07-07 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-07 . YouTube.
  273. Web site: Beyer . Jack . July 22, 2024 . Raptor Vacuum 391 rolling to Mega Bay 2 . July 23, 2024 . X (formerly Twitter).
  274. Surprising changes to SpaceX Starship Unveiled! Why are they doing this? . 2024-07-27 . Marcus House . 2024-07-27 . YouTube.
  275. Tower Module 6 Stacked, S30 Raptor Swapped SpaceX Boca Chica . 2024-08-06 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-08-06 . YouTube.
  276. 1727967723806761343 . elonmusk . Four more Starships, the last of V1 . 2023-11-25 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231125103448/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1727967723806761343 . November 25, 2023 . live.
  277. 1744957383967650300 . nasaspaceflight . Ship 30 is rolling from Masseys back to the Production Site, and GSE-8 is being cut up. . Chris . Bergin . Jan 10, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240110130208/https://twitter.com/nasaspaceflight/status/1744957383967650300 . January 10, 2024 . live.
  278. Super Heavy Catch Attempt Test Incoming! Starbase Update . 2024-06-24 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-06 . YouTube.
  279. 1730412928145240353 . csi_starbase . Ship 33 aft section was scrapped a few days ago. With S28-32 being the last of version 1 we should expect all components of S33+ to be deleted. . 2023-12-12 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231212122157/https://twitter.com/csi_starbase/status/1730412928145240353 . December 12, 2023 . live.
  280. Web site: Jax . 2024-04-14 . Something New: What's the Hardware Status of Starship Version 2? . 2024-04-15 . Ringwatchers.
  281. Starbase Weekly, Ep.112: Booster 11 Back On The Pad! . en . 2024-04-07 . www.youtube.com.
  282. Starship 2.0: New Hardware Spotted Starbase Update . 2024-07-29 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-08-04 . YouTube.
  283. Web site: Beyer . Jack . July 25, 2024 . The combined nosecone and payload bay for Ship 33 . July 25, 2024 . X (formerly Twitter).
  284. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship Nosecone Heads to Launch Site – Bulkhead Flip . January 23, 2020 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200930154351/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xD2Ig7jyzqw . September 30, 2020 . live . YouTube.
  285. SpaceX Boca Chica – Header Tank tested to failure. Test Tank preps for transport . January 26, 2020 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211123080957/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiNIxBotyhc&gl=US&hl=en . November 23, 2021 . live . YouTube.
  286. 1226396667722727425 . elonmusk . First two domes in frame are for SN2, third is SN1 thrust dome . February 9, 2020.
  287. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship SN2 Test Tank transported from Launch Site . March 16, 2020 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201208125112/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxfVT6S6VNY . December 8, 2020 . live . YouTube.
  288. SpaceX Boca Chica – All of the Starships out in the ope . May 25, 2020 . YouTube . . May 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421195859/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=f_ErCMnIGWY . April 21, 2023 . live . SN7's first rings have been spotted.
  289. Web site: Mali . Tariq . June 23, 2020 . Boom! SpaceX pops huge Starship SN7 test tank on purpose in pressure test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719130934/https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-sn7-test-tank-destroyed-videos.html . July 19, 2020 . January 30, 2021 . Space.com . SpaceX pushed a massive tank for its latest Starship prototype beyond its limits Tuesday (June 23) in an intentionally explosive test in South Texas. The Starship SN7 prototype tank ruptured during a pressure test at SpaceX's Boca Chica proving grounds, the second in just over a week for the spacecraft component..
  290. News: Wall . Mike . September 24, 2020 . SpaceX pops Starship tank on purpose in explosive pressure test . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121183229/https://www.space.com/spacex-destroys-starship-prototype-tank . January 21, 2021 . February 13, 2021 . Space.com . en.
  291. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship SN11 ready to complete Stacking Operations . December 27, 2020 . YouTube . . May 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211123080957/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Woz4s5G37XM&t=265s . November 23, 2021 . live.
  292. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship Header Tank Pressurization Test . January 25, 2020 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210524065257/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z-VwbhiZOk . May 24, 2021 . live . YouTube.
  293. Web site: Baylor . Michael . Starship SN7 History . February 9, 2021 . nextspaceflight.com . en.
  294. Starship's SN7.1 Pushed To Failure (Time Lapse) . September 23, 2020 . LabPadre . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210223094114/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YpRzf6_0wg . February 23, 2021 . live . YouTube.
  295. 1309915379041402881 . elonmusk . 8 bar differential in ullage, 9 bar at base due to propellant head. It's enough. Improvements in work. . September 26, 2020.
  296. Web site: Ralph . Eric . January 27, 2021 . SpaceX's thin-skinned Starship 'test tank' passes first trial . January 30, 2021 . Teslarati . Known as Starship SN7.2, SpaceX’s latest ‘test tank’ is the third to carry the SN7 moniker and appears to have been built primarily to test refinements to the rocket’s structural design...the tank’s most important task is determining if future Starships (and perhaps Super Heavy boosters) can be built out of thinner, lighter steel rings. Its domes appear to be identical to past ships but writing on the exterior of the tank strongly implied that its three rings were built out of 3mm steel rather than the 4mm sheets that have made up every Starship built in the last 12 months..
  297. Web site: Baylor . Michael . Starship SN7.2 History . February 6, 2021 . nextspaceflight.com . en.
  298. News: Bergin . Chris . February 7, 2021 . Starship SN10's Raptors installed ahead of testing and refined landing attempt . February 8, 2021 . NASASpaceflight.
  299. 1371464710072250368 . BocaChicaGal . Starship SN7.2 is headed back to the production site at SpaceX Boca Chica. . Mary . March 15, 2021 . August 22, 2021 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210411073706/https://twitter.com/BocaChicaGal/status/1371464710072250368 . April 11, 2021 . live.
  300. SpaceX Boca Chica: Starship SN11 Abort Static Fire – SN7.2 Moved to the Production Site . March 15, 2021 . NASASpaceflight . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508012205/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOiiDOuSXsM . May 8, 2021 . live . YouTube.
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  304. New Launch Tower is Rising Quickly SpaceX Boca Chica . 2024-07-20 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-20 . YouTube.
  305. Major Progress and Deliveries for Tower 2! Starbase Flyover Update Episode 51 . 2024-07-25 . RGV Aerial Photography . 2024-07-26 . YouTube.
  306. Starship 2.0: New Hardware Spotted Starbase Update . 2024-07-29 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-29 . YouTube.
  307. Starbase Weekly, Ep.126: Ship 30 Static Fire Test Completed! . 2024-07-27 . RGV Aerial Photography . 2024-07-27 . YouTube.
  308. Ship 30 Rolled Back for Launch Preparations SpaceX Boca Chica . 2024-07-30 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-07-30 . YouTube.
  309. Unusual Starship V2 Hardware Spotted SpaceX Boca Chica . 2024-08-18 . NASASpaceflight . 2024-08-18 . YouTube.
  310. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship Test Tank mated – Jan 7, 2020 . 2020-01-07 . YouTube . . 2023-05-13 . 2023-04-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417033217/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjsJQ6d8wEw . live .
  311. Web site: Aravelo . Evelyn . 2020-01-10 . SpaceX conducted a pressure test on a Starship dome tank at Boca Chica today . 2021-02-01 . Tesmaian . en-US . 2020-01-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200111165516/https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/spacex-conducted-a-pressure-test-on-a-starship-tank-at-boca-chica . live.
  312. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship Bulkhead/Dome Test Tank 2 Mated . 2020-01-25 . YouTube . . 2023-05-13 . 2023-04-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230427001458/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=527LTTFsXSk . live .
  313. SpaceX Boca Chica – Starship Test Tank 2 Destructive Cryo Test . 2020-01-29 . YouTube . NASASpaceflight . 2021-08-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210218055327/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TDaMCMEc8Q . 2021-02-18 . live.
  314. Web site: Ralph . Eric . January 12, 2020 . SpaceX just blew up a Starship tank on purpose and Elon Musk says the results are in . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230415215328/https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-blew-up-starship-tank-on-purpose-elon-musk/ . April 15, 2023 . May 6, 2023.
  315. 1221938474233868288 . elonmusk . Starship 9m test tank made 7.5 bar at room temp! Small leak at a weld double. Will be repaired & retested at cryo. https://t.co/Bz3lrwkYRU . Elon . Musk . Elon Musk . 2020-01-27 . 2021-08-22 . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20210603022254/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1221938474233868288 . 2021-06-03 . live.
  316. Chris Bergin – NSF . NASASpaceflight . 1222367293197488129 . 28 January 2020 . Farewell Test Tank 2, and we thank you. https://t.co/Je69rLmr28 https://t.co/AUpIb7kv24 . en . 22 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210123064620/https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1222367293197488129 . 23 January 2021 . live.
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