Stabat Mater (Pergolesi) Explained

Stabat Mater
Composer:Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
Image Upright:1.2
Catalogue:P. 77
Text:Stabat Mater
Language:Latin
Movements:12
Vocal:soprano and alto soloists

Latin: Stabat Mater|italic=no (P.77)[1] is a musical setting of the Latin: [[Stabat Mater]]|italic=no sequence, composed by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi in 1736.[2] Composed in the final weeks of Pergolesi's life,[3] it is scored for soprano and alto soloists, violin I and II, viola and Latin: [[basso continuo]].

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino.

Background

Many pieces which were said to have been composed by Pergolesi have been misattributed; the Latin: Stabat Mater|italic=no is definitely by Pergolesi, as a manuscript in his handwriting has been preserved.[4] The work was composed for a Neapolitan confraternity, the Italian: Cavalieri della Vergine dei Dolori di San Luigi al Palazzo,[5] which had also commissioned a Stabat Mater from Alessandro Scarlatti.[6] Pergolesi composed it during his final illness from tuberculosis in a Franciscan monastery in Pozzuoli, along with a Latin: [[Salve Regina]]|italic=no setting,[2] [3] and finished it shortly before he died.

Reception

The Latin: Stabat Mater|italic=no is one of Pergolesi's most celebrated sacred works, achieving great popularity after the composer's death.[7] [8] Jean-Jacques Rousseau showed appreciation for the work, praising the opening movement as "the most perfect and touching duet to come from the pen of any composer".[9] Many composers adapted the work, including Giovanni Paisiello, who extended the orchestral accompaniment,[10] and Joseph Eybler, who added a choir to replace some of the duets. Bach's German: [[Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden, BWV 1083|Tilge, Höchster, meine Sünden]] is a parody cantata based on Pergolesi's composition.

The work was not without its detractors. Padre Martini criticised its light, operatic style in 1774, and believed it was too similar to Pergolesi's comic opera Italian: [[La serva padrona]] to adequately deliver the pathos of the text.[11]

Structure

The work is divided into twelve movements, each named after the Latin: [[incipit]]|italic=no of the text. Much of the music is based on Pergolesi's earlier setting of the Latin: [[Dies irae]]|italic=no sequence.[4]

  1. "Latin: Stabat Mater Dolorosa|italic=no", Italian: Grave, F minor, common time; duet
  2. "Latin: Cujus animam gementem|italic=no", Italian: Andante amoroso, C minor, 3/8; soprano aria
  3. "Latin: O quam tristis et afflicta|italic=no", Italian: Larghetto, G minor, common time; duet
  4. "Latin: Quae moerebat et dolebat|italic=no", Italian: Allegro, E-flat major, 2/4; alto aria
  5. "Latin: Quis est homo|italic=no", Italian: Largo, C minor, common time; duet

- "Latin: Pro peccatis suae gentis|italic=no", Italian: Allegro, C minor, 6/8

  1. "Latin: Vidit suum dulcem natum|italic=no", Italian: Tempo giusto, F minor, common time; soprano aria
  2. "Latin: Eja mater fons amoris|italic=no", Italian: Andantino, C minor, 3/8; alto aria
  3. "Latin: Fac ut ardeat cor meum|italic=no", Italian: Allegro, G minor, cut common time; duet
  4. "Latin: Sancta mater, istud agas|italic=no", Italian: Tempo giusto, E-flat major, common time; duet
  5. "Latin: Fac ut portem Christi mortem|italic=no", Italian: Largo, G minor, common time; alto aria
  6. "Latin: Inflammatus et accensus|italic=no", Italian: Allegro ma non troppo, B-flat major, common time; duet
  7. "Latin: Quando corpus morietur|italic=no", Italian: Largo assai, F minor, common time; duet

- "Amen..." Italian: Presto assai, F minor, cut common time

Recordings

!Release Year!Soloists!Conductor!Orchestra!Label!Catalog Number
1949 (excerpts recorded 1939)Hans SchneiderHans Frank, Erich KucharVictor GombozHistory205207
1947Joan TaylorKathleen FerrierRoy HendersonThe Boyd Need OrchestraDeccaAK1517 - AK1521
1951Anna Maria AugensteinHetty PlümacherHans GrischkatTon-Studio Orchestra of StuttgartNixa530
1955Teresa Stich-RandallElisabeth HöngenMario RossiVienna State Opera OrchestraBach Guild549
1956Friederike SailerHanne MünchGünter KehrMainzer KammerorchesterVox9960
1958Margot GuilleaumeJeanne DeroubaizMatthieu LangeSüdwestdeutsches KammerorchesterArchiv14098
1965Judith RaskinMaureen LehaneFranco CaraccioloOrchestra Rossini di NapoliDecca6153
1966Evelyn LearChrista LudwigLorin MaazelBerlin Radio Symphony OrchestraPhillips3590
1990 (live 1968 performance)Gundula JanowitzMaureen ForresterClaudio AbbadoBerlin PhilharmonicMyto905.25
1969Margaret TynesAnita Turner-ButlerMassimo BruniPrague Chamber OrchestraSupraphon1112 0620
1972Luciana Ticinelli-FattoriMaria MinettoEdwin LoehrerSocietà Cameristica di LuganoErato55046
1973Mirella FreniTeresa BerganzaEttore GracisSolisti Dell'Orchestra "Scarlatti" NapoliArchiv2533 114
1973Ingeborg Müller-NeyTuula NienstedtHeidelberger KammerorchesterSastruphonSM 007047
1979Margaret MarshallAlfreda HodgsonGünter KehrMainzer KammerorchesterCandide31118
1979Klaus Brettschneider, Stefan FrangoulisChristian Siferlinger, Michael StumpfGerhard Schmidt-GadenEnglish Baroque EnsemblePhilips6501 011
1979Ileana CotrubasLucia Valentini-TerraniClaudio ScimoneI Solisti VenetiErato71179
1980Felicity PalmerAlfreda HodgsonGeorge GuestArgo Chamber OrchestraArgo591023
1981Magda KalmarJulia HamariLamberto GardelliLiszt Ferenc Chamber Orchestra, BudapestHungaroton12201-2
1983Sebastian HennigRené JacobsRené JacobsConcerto VocaleHarmonia Mundi1119
1985Margaret MarshallLucia Valentini-TerraniClaudio AbbadoLondon Symphony OrchestraDeutsche Grammophon415103
1987Mieke van der SluisGérard LesneRené ClemencicClemencic ConsortAccord200062
1987Véronique DietschyAlain ZaepffelPaul ColleauxEnsemble StradivariaAdda581016
1988Gillian FisherMichael ChanceRobert KingThe King's ConsortHyperion66294
1989Emma KirkbyJames BowmanChristopher HogwoodAcademy of Ancient MusicDecca425 692-2
1990Krisztina LakiJulia HamariAgostino OrizioOrchestra da Camera del Festival Internazionale di Brescia e BergamoFonè90 F 03
1991Mária ZádoriDerek Lee RaginPál NémethCapella Savariaharmonia mundi3903011
2000 (recorded 1993)Cecilia GasdiaDelores ZieglerClaudio ScimoneI Solisti VenetiWarner8573-81276
1993June AndersonCecilia BartoliCharles DutoitMontreal SinfoniettaDecca436209
1993Dennis NasebandJochen KowalskiHartmut HaenchenCarl Philipp Emanuel Bach Chamber OrchestraBerlin Classics115112
1994Dorothea RöschmannCatherine RobbinBernard LabadieLes Violons du RoySono Luminus90196
1995Arthur StefanowicsBrigitte FournierAndrzej MysinskiConcerto AvennaElysium705
1995Anna GondaJulia FaulknerMichael HalászCamerata BudapestNaxos8550766
1995Regina KlepperMartina BorstBamberg String QuartetCapriccio Records10517
1996Katia RicciarelliManuela CusterGiorgio CrociI FilarmoniciTactus711602
1998Evelyn LearChrista LudwigLorin MaazelBerlin Radio Symphony OrchestraPhilips462054
1999Barbara BonneyAndreas SchollChristophe RoussetLes Talens LyriquesDecca466134
2000Véronique GensGérard LesneGérard LesneSeminario MusicaleVirgin Classics45291
2004Pino De VittorioPatrizia BoviOlivier SchneebeliLe Poème HarmoniqueAlpha Productions9
2004Roberta Invernizzi, sopranoSonia Prina, contraltoOttavio DantoneAccademia BizantinaParagon per AmadeusAM 180-2
2006Michael ChanceJörg WaschinskiHelmut Müller-BrühlCologne Chamber OrchestraNaxos8557447
2006Bettina RubertoneChiarastella OnoratiFlavio Emilio ScognaBenedetto Marcello Chamber OrchestraTactus711603
2006Dorothea RöschmannDavid DanielsFabio BiondiEuropa GalanteEmi Classics63340
2008Mikael BelliniSusanne RydénStockholm Baroque OrchestraProprius-audiosource2040
2009Elisabeth Norberg-SchulzNathalie StutzmannRoy GoodmanHanover BandRCA61215
2009Katia RicciarelliLucia Valentini-TerraniClaudio AbbadoMilan Teatro alla Scala OrchestraEuroarts2072378
2009Barbara HendricksUlrika TenstamDrottningholm Baroque EnsembleArte Verum7
2009Lawrence ZazzoAngharad Gruffydd JonesTimothy BrownCambridge EnsembleBrilliant Classics93952
2010Anna ProhaskaBernarda FinkBernhard ForckAcademy for Ancient Music BerlinHarmonie Mundi902072
2010Rachel HarnischSara MingadoClaudio AbbadoOrchestra MozartArchiv477 8077
2011Anna NetrebkoMarianna PizzolatoAntonio PappanoSanta Cecilia Academy Rome OrchestraDeutsche Grammophon001544402
2012Valer SabadusTerry WeyMichael HofstetterNeumeyer ConsortOehms831
2013Philippe JarousskyJulia LezhnevaDiego FasolisI BarocchistiErato19147
2014Jonah SchenkelAlex PotterAlphons von AarburgBarockorchester CapriccioTudor Records7166
2015Evelyn TubbTerry BarberPredrag GostaNew Trinity BaroqueEdition Lilac151108
2016Sara MingardoSilvia FrigatoFederico FerriAccademia degli AstrusiConcerto2097
2017Tim MeadLucy CroweDavid BatesLa Nuova MusicaHarmonia Mundi907589
2019Magali LégerPaulin BündgenJean-Marc AndrieuLes PassionsLiga327912
2019Mariella DeviaFrancesca ProvvisionatoDaniele CallegariOrchestra Filarmonica MarchigianaFonè130
2020Sandrine PiauChristopher LowreyChristophe RoussetLes Talens LyriquesAlpha Productions449
2021Samuel MariñoFilippo MinecciaMarie Van RhijnOrchestre de l'Opéra RoyalChâteau de Versailles Spectacles033

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, 1710-1736 : a thematic catalogue of the Opera Omnia, with an appendix listing omitted compositions. Marvin E. Paymer (New York : Pendragon Press, 1977).
  2. Book: Sadie, Julie Ann. Companion to Baroque Music. 75. 1998. University of California Press . 9780520214149.
  3. Book: Randel, Don M.. The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Don Michael Randel. 681. 1996. Harvard University Press . 9780674372993.
  4. Book: The Apollonian Clockwork: On Stravinsky. Andriessen. Louis. Louis Andriessen. Schönberger. E.. 66. 2006. Amsterdam University Press . 9789053568569.
  5. Book: Van Boer, Bertil H.. Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period. Bertil H. van Boer. 435. 2012. Scarecrow Press . 9780810873865.
  6. Web site: Giovanni Battista Pergolesi. 14 March 2013.
  7. Will. Richard. Pergolesi's Stabat Mater and the Politics of Feminine Virtue. The Musical Quarterly. 2004. 87. 3. 570–614. 10.1093/musqtl/gdh021. 2013-03-14. 2010-06-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20100605143819/http://artsandsciences.virginia.edu/music/graduate/documents/RichardWill-MQPergolesi.pdf. dead.
  8. Book: Steinberg, Michael. Choral Masterworks: A Listener's Guide. Michael Steinberg (music critic). 115. 2006. Oxford University Press, USA . 9780198029212.
  9. Barry S.. Brook. Barry S. Brook. 1983. Pergolesi: research, publication and performance. 9780918728791. The present state of studies on Pergolesi and his times. November 18–19, 1983, Jesi, Italy.
  10. Web site: Giovanni Paisiello. 14 March 2013.
  11. Web site: Giovanni Battista Pergolesi. BBC Music Magazine. 15 March 2013. Simon. Heighes.

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