8th Street and St. Mark's Place explained

8th Street/St. Mark's Place
Other Name:St. Mark's Place
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:10003, 10009, 10011
Length Mi:1.3
Location:Manhattan, New York City
Maint:New York City Department of Transportation
Direction A:West
Terminus A:Sixth/Greenwich Avenues in West/Greenwich Villages
Direction B:East
Terminus B:Avenue D in East Village
Commissioning Date:March 1811
North:9th Street
South:Waverly Place (6th Avenue to Broadway)
7th Street (Bowery to Avenue D)

8th Street is a street in the New York City borough of Manhattan that runs from Sixth Avenue to Third Avenue, and also from Avenue B to Avenue D; its addresses switch from West to East as it crosses Fifth Avenue. Between Third Avenue and Avenue A, it is named St. Mark's Place, after the nearby St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery on 10th Street at Second Avenue.

St. Mark's Place is considered a main cultural street for the East Village. Vehicular traffic runs east along both one-way streets. St. Mark's Place features a wide variety of retailers. Venerable institutions lining St. Mark's Place have included Gem Spa and the St. Mark's Hotel. There are several open-front markets that sell sunglasses, clothing, and jewelry. In her 400-year history of St. Mark's Place (St. Marks Is Dead), Ada Calhoun called the street "like superglue for fragmented identities" and wrote that "the street is not for people who have chosen their lives ... [it] is for the wanderer, the undecided, the lonely, and the promiscuous."[1]

History

Early years

Wouter van Twiller, colonial governor of New Amsterdam, once owned a tobacco farm near 8th and MacDougal Streets. Such farms were located around the area until the 1830s.[2] Nearby, a Native American trail crossed the island via the rights-of-way of Greenwich Avenue, Astor Place, and Stuyvesant Street.[2]

The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 defined the street grid for much of Manhattan. According to the plan, 8th Street was to run from Greenwich Lane (now Greenwich Avenue) in the west to First Avenue on the east.[3] [4] The area west of Greenwich Lane was already developed as Greenwich Village, while the area east of First Avenue was reserved for a wholesale food market.

The plan was amended many times as the grid took shape and public spaces were added or eliminated. The marketplace proposal was scrapped in 1824, allowing 8th Street to continue eastward to the river.[5] On the west side, Sixth Avenue was extended and Greenwich Lane shortened, shifting the boundary of 8th Street, ever so slightly, to Sixth Avenue and allowing Mercer, Greene, Wooster and MacDougal Streets to continue northward to 8th.[6]

19th century

After the Commissioners' Plan was laid out, property along the street's right of way quickly developed. By 1835, the New York University opened its first building, the Silver Center, along Eighth Street near the Washington Square Park. Row houses were also built on Eighth Street. The street ran between the Jefferson Market, built in 1832 at the west end, and the Tompkins Market, built in 1836, at the east end. These were factors in the street's commercialization in later years.[2]

Eighth Street was supposed to extend to a market place at Avenue C, but since that idea never came to fruition. Capitalizing on the high-class status of Bond, Bleecker, Great Jones, and Lafayette Streets in NoHo, developer Thomas E. Davis developed the east end of the street and renamed it "St. Mark's Place" in 1835.[7] Davis built up St. Mark's Place between Third and Second Avenues between 1831 and 1832. Although the original plan was for Federal homes, only three such houses remained in 2014.[7]

Meanwhile, Eighth Street became home to a literary scene. At Astor Place and Eighth Street, the Astor Opera House was built by wealthy men and opened in 1847.[8] Publisher Evert Augustus Duyckinck founded a private library at his 50 East Eighth Street home. Ann Lynch started a famous literary salon at 116 Waverly Place and relocated to 37 West Eighth Street in 1848.[2] Around this time and up until the 1890s, Eighth Street was co-named Clinton Place in memory of politician DeWitt Clinton, whose widow lived along nearby University Place.[2]

In the 1850s, Eighth Street housed an educational scene as well. The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, a then-free institution for art, architecture and engineering education, was opened in 1858. The Century Club, an arts and letters association, relocated to 46 East Eighth Street around that time; the Bible House of the American Bible Society, was nearby. In addition, the Brevoort Hotel, as well as a marble mansion built by John Taylor Johnston, were erected at Fifth Avenue and Eighth Street.[2]

At the same time, German immigrants moved into the area around Tompkins Square Park. The area around St. Mark's Place was nicknamed German: [[Little Germany, Manhattan|Kleindeutschland]], or "Little Germany", because of a huge influx of German immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s. Many of the homes turned into boarding houses, as the area had 50,000 residents but not a lot of real estate. Tenement housing was also built on St. Mark's Place.[7]

By the 1870s, apartments replaced stables and houses along the stretch of Eighth Street west of MacDougal Street. The elevated Third and Sixth Avenue Lines were also built during that time, with stops along the former at Ninth Street and along the latter at Eighth Street.[2] [7]

At the southwest corner of Broadway and Eighth Street, the street's first commercial building was built. By the 1890s, buildings on the stretch from Bowery to Fifth Avenue were used for trade.[2] In 1904, the Wanamaker's Department Store opened at the former A.T. Stewart store along Broadway between 9th and 10th Streets, with an annex built at Eighth Street.[2]

20th century

In the early 1900s, Little Germany was shrinking. At the same time, Jews, Hungarians, Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians from Eastern Europe started moving in. In 1916, Slovenian community and Franciscans established the Slovenian Church of St. Cyril, which still operates.[9] At this point, St. Mark's Place was considered a part of the Lower East Side.[7]

On the western stretch of Eighth Street, an art scene was growing. Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, Daniel Chester French, and other artists moved in the stables at MacDougal Alley at this time. By 1916, a studio complex for artists replaced most of these stables, making the areas around Eighth Street popular for bohemians. Whitney, a patron for other American painters, combined four houses on West Eighth Street houses into the Whitney Museum in 1931.[2]

The 1927 construction of the skyscraper at One Fifth Avenue, as well as the Eighth Street Playhouse movie theater, helped influence development on the Sixth Avenue end of the street, where construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line had required destruction of many buildings there.[2] On an adjoining block, the Women's House of Detention was built in Jefferson Market complex in 1929–1932 and existed through the 1970s.[2]

In the 1930s, after Prohibition ended, West Eighth Street became an entertainment area. Around that time, the New York School movement for abstract expressionist painters was centered around Eighth Street, with many such painters moving to Eighth Street.[2]

After World War II, property along 8th Street was converted to apartment houses. The Rhinelander Estate, one of the major landowners on Eighth Street, erected a building between Washington Square North, Fifth Avenue, West Eighth Street, and the Whitney Museum site. Sailor's Snug Harbor, the other major land owner, demolished the blocks from Fifth Avenue to Broadway on the north side of Eighth and Ninth Streets, including the popular Brevoort Hotel. It replaced these blocks mainly with low-rise apartment buildings and stores, as well as two high-rises.[2] Around this time, West Eighth Street was also becoming the location of neighborhood commerce.[2]

After the elevated train lines were demolished in the 1940s and 1950s, the real estate industry tried to entice residents to the St. Mark's Place area, describing the neighborhood as "East Village". This area became home to an underground scene, and as it was far from public transportation, it became rundown. A 1965 Newsweek article described the East Village by telling readers to "head east from Greenwich Village, and when it starts to look squalid, around the Bowery and Third Avenue, you know you're there."[7]

In the 1960s, Macdougal and West Eighth Streets, as well as St. Mark's Place, became a popular area for hippies. A women's clothing store, a pharmacy, and bookstores were replaced by fast food restaurants and other shops, directed toward the area's tourism base. By 1968, St, Mark's Place became a stopping point for tour buses, which formerly skipped the area.

In 1977, St. Marks Place became the epicenter of punk rock, when Manic Panic opened its doors on July 7, 1977 (7/7/77).[10] The shop quickly attracted musicians from Cyndi Lauper to the Ramones.[11]

In 1980, hot dog company Nathan's Famous moved into the location of a former bookstore on Eighth Street, to the anger of some Greenwich Village residents. However, other establishments, such as the B. Dalton bookstore, clothing stores, and shoe stores, started to attract tourists to the area. By the 1990s, the areas around both Eighth Street and St. Mark's Place were becoming rapidly gentrified, with new buildings and establishments being developed along both streets. The Village Alliance Business Improvement District was formed in 1993 to care for the area around Eighth Street.

Notable buildings and sites

8th Street

East

West

St. Mark's Place

Public transportation

In popular culture

St. Mark's Place appears in a variety of works in popular culture. Notable examples include:

Music

Television

Film

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Calhoun, Ada . St. Marks Is Dead . 2015 . W. W. Norton & Co. . New York . 978-0393240382 . 275. 1st.
  2. Web site: Eighth Street History . Luther . Harris . villagealliance.org . August 17, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150531091708/http://villagealliance.org/eighthstreet-history/ . May 31, 2015 . dead.
  3. Gouverneur . Morris . Gouverneur Morris . Simeon . DeWitt . Simeon De Witt . John . Rutherfurd . John Rutherfurd . March 22, 1811 . Remarks of the Commissioners . Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Streets extend westwardly to Greenwich Lane... The Market Place already mentioned is bounded northwardly by Tenth Street, southwardly by Seventh Street, eastwardly by the East River, and westwardly by the First Avenue..
  4. Map of the city of New York and island of Manhattan, as laid out by the commissioners appointed by the legislature, April 3d, 1807 . William . Bridges . 1811 .
  5. Book: Stokes, I.N. Phelps . The Iconography of Manhattan Island 1498–1909 . 3 . 1918 . 831811649 . Robert H. Dodd . New York . 959 . Market Place ... reduced in size 1815; ceases to be a market place 1824; no longer reserved for public uses, except streets and avenues to be cut through same..
  6. Book: Stokes, I.N. Phelps . The Iconography of Manhattan Island 1498–1909 . 5 . 1926 . 831811649 . Robert H. Dodd . New York . 1676 . [March 18, 1828:] The legislature provides for the extension of Mercer, Greene, Wooster, McDougal, and Lewis Sts. northward to 8th St..
  7. Web site: The Strange History of the East Village's Most Famous Street . Curbed NY . September 4, 2014 . August 17, 2015 . Nevius, James.
  8. Book: Records of the New York Stage: from 1750 to 1860. 2. Ireland, Joseph Norton. T. H. Morrell. 1867. 515. 9781404733398.
  9. Web site: Surk . Barbara . September 28, 1997 . "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: EAST VILLAGE; Slovenian Church Endures" . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  10. Web site: Lubitz . Rachel . April 10, 2018 . How two sisters went from founding America's first punk store to creating Manic Panic . Mic.
  11. Web site: Manic Panic – 35 Years of Making Our Lives More Colorful. July 6, 2012. Andito. Village Preservation Blog.
  12. 201.
  13. 134.
  14. Book: What to See in New York . 1912. John Wanamaker, New York. 22, 31. The Wanamaker business occupies two buildings—the fine old structure erected by A. T. Stewart, with its eight floors, and the new Wanamaker Building, occupying the entire block south of the Stewart Building, with sixteen floors. Combined area of the two buildings, about 32 acres. Two large tunnels under and a double-deck bridge over Ninth Street connect the two buildings.. April 27, 2013.
  15. Web site: East 9th Street Then and now. Drew. Durniak. December 7, 2011. The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation. By 1955, Wanamaker's sold its northern store property between East 9th and 10th Streets. Before the planned demolition of the building, a fire broke out in 1956 and gutted the structure. In its place was built a huge white-brick-clad residential building called Stewart House in 1960.. April 27, 2013.
  16. 157.
  17. http://www.forgotten-ny.com/SUBWAYS/Clinton%20Hall%20page/Clinton.html "Clinton Hall"
  18. . 54
  19. http://leshp.org/history/component/content/article/87-14th-to-houston/53-st-marks-place-lot-by-lot-history?directory=79 "St, Mark's Place: Lot by Lot History"
  20. Calhoun (2016), p.xiv
  21. Web site: Hamilton Holly House . Landmarks Preservation Commission . May 1, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121014012550/http://www.nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/hamiltonholly.pdf . October 14, 2012 .
  22. News: Van Meter . William . The Shop That Punk Built . . May 9, 2013.
  23. Web site: Modern School Collection, Manuscript Collection 1055, Special Collections and University Archives. Rutgers University Libraries . May 1, 2012.
  24. http://www.nysonglines.com/8st.htm "8th Street"
  25. Grieve. "St. Mark's is deader: St. Mark's Comics is closing after 36 years" EV Grieve (January 29, 2019).
  26. Web site: McLauchlin. Jim. BUSINESS 3X3: MITCH CUTLER (FORMERLY) AT ST. MARK'S COMICS. Blogs.villagevoice.com. March 26, 2019. April 3, 2020.
  27. Web site: St. Mark's Comics to Reopen in Brooklyn's Industry City .
  28. 65–66.
  29. News: Kleinfield . N. R. . On the Street of Dreams . subscription . https://web.archive.org/web/20131114074153/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/22/style/on-the-street-of-dreams.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm . November 14, 2013 . . November 22, 1992.
  30. Web site: Bay . Cody . June 25, 2010 . Cinemode: Klute . On This Day in Fashion . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110525020601/http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=1754 . May 25, 2011.
  31. http://leshp.org/history/component/content/article/97-st-marks-place/113-19-25-st-marks-place?directory=79 "19–25 St. Mark's Place"
  32. Web site: Dodero . Camille . CBGB St. Mark's Shop Closing at the End of June . Blogs.villagevoice.com . March 25, 2008 . March 3, 2014 . April 30, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130430075945/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2008/03/cbgb_st_marks_s.php . dead .
  33. News: Philips . Binky . Tales From a New York Record Store . . November 10, 2010.
  34. Grieve. "The last record store on St. Mark's Place is closing," EV Grieve (September 21, 2015).
  35. Web site: St. Mark's Hospital. nycago.org.
  36. http://leshp.org/history/component/content/article/97-st-marks-place/85-77-st-marks-place?directory=79 "77 St. Mark's Place"
  37. Web site: Welcome . Theatre 80 . March 3, 2014.
  38. Web site: Museum of the American Gangster 80 St Marks PL NY, NY 10003 (212)228-5736 | An exploration into Organized Crime in America . Museumoftheamericangangster.org . March 3, 2014.
  39. Book: Hess, Hans. Lyonel Feininger. New York. Abrams. 1961. 1. January 11, 2015.
  40. http://www.horsetrade.info/InfoUNDERstmarks.html "Info"
  41. News: Arino . Lisha . Yaffa Cafe Closes After 31 Years on St. Marks Place . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040152/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20141002/east-village/yaffa-cafe-closes-after-31-years-on-st-marks-place/ . January 31, 2019 . DNAinfo . October 2, 2014.
  42. Web site: Lauckner. Sally. A Literary Tour of the East Village. The New York Times. The Local East Village weblog of The New York Times. October 19, 2010. February 21, 2011.
  43. Book: Notable Addresses. November 7, 2013. MobileReferences. Staff. 2006. 9781605010281.
  44. Web site: School History. August 1, 2007. Notre Dame School website. NDS. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928201235/http://www.cheznous.org/about_History.php. September 28, 2007. dead.
  45. http://www.gjacademy.org/about/ "About GJA"
  46. http://www.sin-e.com/html/history.html A Short History of Sin-e
  47. Web site: Start me up: Waiting on a Friend opens on 1st Avenue and St. Mark's Place.
  48. Web site: EV Grieve: The Wild Son shapes up on 1st Avenue and St. Mark's Place.
  49. News: Berger . Joseph . The Pizza Is Still Old World, Only Now the Old World Is Tibet . . July 31, 2005 . For New Yorkers, this was the nectar of a Jewish neighborhood, and Gem Spa was the drink's sacred temple, certified as such by magazines and travel writers..
  50. Web site: Berkon . Ben . Gem Spa: Classic egg creams in New York . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101125080056/http://www.newyork.com/pages/landing?blockID=275641 . November 25, 2010 . NewYork.com.
  51. News: Vulture. April 22, 2013. Mad Men Recap: The Electric Circus . Matt Zoller . Seitz.
  52. News: The New Yorker . Alex. Ross. The Rest is Noise: Electric Circus, Electric Ear. April 21, 2013.
  53. Web site: Moker . Molly . May 21, 2014 . Tour the Top 25 'Sex and the City' Locations . Fodors.
  54. Book: Inguanzo . Ozzy . Ghostbusters: Afterlife: The Art and Making of the Movie . November 2021 . Titan Books . London . 9781789096521 . 126.