St Peter's Church (Cologne) Explained

St Peter's Church, Cologne
Fullname:Jesuit Church of Saint Peter, Cologne
Native Name:Kirche der Jesuiten Sankt Peter, Köln
Native Name Lang:de
Country:Germany
Location:Altstadt-Süd, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia
Denomination:Roman Catholic
Religious Institute:Society of Jesus
Dedication:Peter the Apostle
Status:Parish church, Collegiate church
Functional Status:active
Heritage Designation:Kulturdenkmal
Architectural Type:Basilica, Double chapel
Style:Gothic
Years Built:1513–1525, rebuilt 1950–1961
Groundbreaking:1513
Completed Date:1525
Demolished Date:29 June 1943
Floor Count:2
Tower Quantity:1
Bells:7

St Peter's Church (Sankt Peter) is a Roman Catholic church in Cologne, run by the Jesuits. The painter Rubens was baptised in the church and his father was later buried there. Rubens' Crucifixion of St Peter is on display in the church. It was commissioned in 1638 by the Cologne art collector and businessman Eberhard Jabach and was hung in the church in 1642 after Rubens'death.[1] The building also houses the 'Kunst-Station Sankt Peter', a centre for contemporary art, music, and literature.

History

The church was constructed in the Gothic style between 1513 and on the remains of earlier Roman and Romanesque churches. It is the latest surviving Gothic church in the city. It is maintained and supported by the Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln

The surviving Romanesque west tower dates to 1170. It and the nearby Cäcilienkirche are the city's only two surviving double-churches, which combined a parish church with a collegiate church or Stiftkirche.

Destruction and restoration

In the night bombing raid on 29 June 1943, known as the "Peter-und-Paul-Angriffs" (Peter and Paul attack), the church's parish was almost completely destroyed, with the church building itself leveled to its foundations and its pillars destroyed. Efforts were made to secure the more important pieces of church furniture such as the stained glass and altarpieces, but much of the opulent woodwork such as the altars, pulpits and 1907 organ in its 1820 case were lost to the fire. Initial measures were put in place to make the site safe in 1950 and the rest of the restoration was almost complete by 1960, led by government architects Karl Band and Wilhelm Schorn. With few resources and a prevailing consensus to emphasize what had been lost, Band's restoration was "sensitive, but ultimately [left the interior] only as a fragment", producing an almost Protestant effect compared to its pre-war appearance.[2] [3] A redbrick nave contrasted with a raised bluestone chancel, while a new dark wood coffered ceiling was added – the city conservator Hiltrud Kier remarked that the ceiling's effect "was similar to a coffin lid".[4] She also stated that the new vaulted ceilings between the clerestory windows were "like architectural tears" reminiscent of the lost vaulting.[5] Only a few restored or reconstructed furnishings were placed in the building, including the medieval font and the wrought iron Baroque grille.

In July 1960 the Jesuits took over the church and in September of that year one of them, Alois Schuh, was made the parish priest. A new, simple stone high-altar was later added and in 1961 the altarpieces by Cornelius Schut (The Conversion of St Peter) and Rubens returned to the church;[6] and the surviving stained glass windows were reinstalled. The building was restored again between 1997 and 2000 to designs by Wiegmann & Trübenbach.[7] [8]

See also

Bibliography (in German)

Notes and References

  1. Mariana Hanstein: Peter Paul Rubens’ Kreuzigung Petri. Ein Bild aus der Peterskirche zu Köln. Böhlau, Köln – Weimar – Wien 1996.
  2. Weiser 2002, p. 85
  3. Weiser 2002, S. 85
  4. Kier 1997, p. 83
  5. Kier 1997, p. 83
  6. Schlimbach 2015, p. 47
  7. Web site: Über uns Trübenbach Architekten. 2020-06-14. www.truebenbach-architekten.de.
  8. Web site: Wiegmann & Trübenbach, Köln KARDORFF INGENIEURE LICHTPLANUNG. 2020-06-14. www.kardorff.de.