St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church explained

St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church
Country:United States
Location:10 Fox Hill Road, Tuxedo Park, New York
Denomination:Episcopal
Dedication:Saint Mary
Consecrated Date:1888
Functional Status:Active
Architect:William Appleton Potter
Architectural Type:Shingle style
Capacity:300
Materials:Native stone, shingles
Diocese:New York
Province:Province II
Rector:The Rev. Richard James Robÿn
Honpriest:The Rev. Dr. Edwin H. Cromey, Rector Emeritus
Organist:Sheldon Eldridge
Treasurer:JoAnn Hanson
Warden:Lili Neuhauser, Jane Garofano
Logosize:250

St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church, otherwise simply referred to as St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo,[1] is an active Episcopal church in Tuxedo, New York, located within the historic village of Tuxedo Park.[2]

Constructed in 1888 according to designs by architect William Appleton Potter, the Shingle style community church was the result of efforts to establish a permanent place of worship for Tuxedo's predominantly Episcopalian residents.[3] The church's interior features the work of architect Bertram Goodhue and sculptor Lee Lawrie, which accompanies the many examples of late 19th- and early 20th-century stained glass produced by prominent artists, including Louis Comfort Tiffany and John La Farge. Later additions to the wider campus include designs by Richard Howland Hunt and James Brown Lord.

Many high society weddings have taken place at St. Mary's over the years, including that of Angier B. Duke to Priscilla Avenal St. George in 1937. Earlier services were attended by financier J. P. Morgan and on two occasions by future President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The lives of several people associated with Tuxedo Park are memorialized within the church, while the St. Mary's cemetery is the final resting place for several noted figures of the American Gilded Age.

History

Establishment

The brother-in-law of Tuxedo Park founder Pierre Lorillard IV, Henry Isaac Barbey, offered to arrange for the construction of a village church in 1887. Previously the community had used both a local public schoolhouse—at the instigation of Tuxedo Park resident Robert Fulton Cutting—and later a temporary chapel designed by James Brown Lord for Episcopal services,[4] [5] the first of which took place in Tuxedo on July 18, 1886.[6] Following its construction St. Mary's was consecrated on October 14, 1888, by architect William A. Potter's brother, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York Henry Codman Potter;[7] [8] [9] the church was dedicated to Saint Mary.[10] Founding vestry members included Grenville Kane, co-founder of the Park and a director of Northern Pacific Railway and the New York Public Library,[11] [12] James Brown Potter, the Brown Brothers merchant banker married to actress Cora Urquhart who reputedly introduced the tuxedo to America,[13] and James L. Breese, an accomplished amateur photographer and owner of "The Orchard".[14] [15]

Early history

St. Mary's soon became an established institution within the wider Tuxedo community. Pew rent records indicate the range of Tuxedo families who were involved in church life, including Frelinghuysens, Lorillards, Cuttings and Mortimers. Active by the 1890s, the St. Mary's Sunday school held at least one of its annual picnics on the grounds of William Waldorf Astor's Tuxedo Park estate.[16] When the Reverend George Merrill returned to Tuxedo from Newport after his marriage to Ms. Pauline Dresser in December 1897, his daughter relayed that "the entire village met them at the train with great flaming lanterns and led them to the church through the snow singing 'Onward Christian Soldiers'."[17] When Tuxedo's recently established Our Lady of Mount Carmel Roman Catholic church was completely destroyed by fire on July 4, 1899, the Rev. Merrill invited the affected congregation to worship in the St. Mary's Sunday School room while the new Heins & LaFarge-designed building was being constructed.

Tuxedo resident and author George M. Rushmore offers a vignette of the Sunday procession to St. Mary's during the 1890s in The World with a Fence Around It: Tuxedo Park - The Early Days (1957):[18]

Tuxedo women supported St. Mary's in a variety of ways, becoming members of church-affiliated committees and guilds. Examples include Clemence Smith Bryce, wife of Nicholas Fish II, who provided a musical reception at the parish house opening reception in 1901,[19] and Josephine Lee, wife of architect Bruce Price, who was a member of the Sewing School Committee.[20] The St. Mary's Guild was founded by a number of Tuxedo women in June 1891,[21] tasked with supervising several church organizations. A significant gift of $10,000 was provided by financier Robert Fulton Cutting in 1919, ensuring the Guild's financial stability during the Great Depression.[22]

Several sources attest to the extensive decorations that accompanied the era's weddings at St. Mary's. Parts of the church's nave and sanctuary, including the aisles, pews, altar and columns, were decorated with a wide variety of seasonal and imported foliage;[23] examples include palms, lilies, peonies, holly, roses, dogwood, ferns, fruit blossoms, dahlias, gladioluses, snapdragons, forsythia and syringa.[24] [25] Arches were covered with woodland foliage and laurel, while the rafters were filled with branches of balsam. On one occasion a wedding bell formed from white roses was hung from a central arch in the nave.[26] A wedding gown first worn in 1768 and later worn by Julia Thorne at her 1970 marriage to John Kerry[27] was worn by Julia Loomis Thorne, Alfred Lee Loomis's sister, at her St. Mary's wedding in 1911.[28] The gown was once described by the New York Times as being "perhaps the most notable wedding gown in existence in this country".

St. Mary's for many years operated a chapel in neighboring Sloatsburg, New York,[29] a ministry which began when the Rev. Merrill starting conducting services in the Sloatsburg town hall in 1900. By 1904 land was deeded to St. Mary's to construct a chapel, consecrated as "St. Francis" that autumn. An advisory board was established for St. Francis' Chapel in the 1930s and was shared for a time with the nearby St. Elizabeth's Memorial Chapel in the Eagle Valley hamlet of Tuxedo. St. Mary's ties with St. Francis ended in 1953 when the latter became a diocesan mission. The chapel subsequently closed in 1974.[30]

Historical sources relate that St. Mary's supported itself and its activities through its endowment, annual contributions and pew rentals, which in 1926 were set at $100 per pew.[31] During the 1920s the church continued to play a major role in the community, serving as the initial meeting place for local chapters of the American Legion, Freemasons, and Order of the Eastern Star.

A single-manual, 11-stop Roosevelt organ (Opus 399) was built for the church in 1888.[32] Only by 1919 was St. Mary's able to secure a permanent organist, Fred Bentley, who maintained this position until his death in 1960.[33] Another early St. Mary's organist was Frank H. Mather, a graduate of the Royal Academy and Royal College of Music in London.[34] Tragedy struck the parish when four-time U.S. singles championship tennis player and Tuxedo resident Robert Wrenn struck and killed St. Mary's organist and choirmaster Herbert George Loveday after losing control of his vehicle on May 3, 1914. Charges of manslaughter against Wrenn were subsequently dropped.[35]

Post-Depression era

The Wall Street Crash of 1929 took a toll on parish life and the church's finances, as the congregation and the pew rents it provided reduced in size.[36] Several parishioners soon defected to nearby St. Elizabeth's in Eagle Valley, having found themselves unaccustomed to the high church style of the new rector, the Reverend Leon Cartmell. The "lean years" soon drew to a close however with the end of World War II, with the relocation of young families to the suburbs rejuvenating a stagnated church life.[37] The Reverend Fenimore Cooper made further efforts to encourage participation in church life, forming several guilds for ushers, acolytes and lay readers.Although not formally affiliated with St. Mary's, the New York diocese established a diocesan conference center named after Bishop Donegan in Tuxedo Park in 1957. St. Mary's was occasionally represented at conferences held at the center.[38] Father Cooper was a member of the committee tasked with renovating the center, which at one point housed the Tuxedo Park School.[39] The T. Henry Randall-designed estate was the former residence of Henry W. Poor and Henry Morgan Tilford, and was described by the New York Times as "one of the finest country residences in America".[40] [41] The American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of North America purchased the home from the Episcopal church in 1978 to establish a monastic community.[42]

The financial troubles that had plagued the parish since the Depression had eased by the 1960s, a reversal of fortunes attributed to successful endowment investing and a growing local population. Over several years until its completion in 1962, Francis Ormond French, son of Manhattan Trust banker Amos Tuck French, helped to raise the $60,000 needed to construct the St. Mary's education building.[43] French died the very morning of the dedication ceremony held on Trinity Sunday, 1962 for the building that to this day bears his name.[44] [45] Henry Mortimer financed parish house and undercroft renovations in 1971, dedicating these revisions alongside his siblings—including John Jay Mortimer and Stanley Grafton Mortimer—to his parents.[46] By 1973 a new 3-manual, 35-stop Austin organ (Opus 2557) was installed at St. Mary's;[47] the organist for the Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City, Mr. Charles D. Walker, was invited to play a special inaugural concert.[48] The serial entrepreneur and Tuxedo Park resident Hazard Reeves was inspired to found what was "said to be the world's first computerized multi-catalogue shopping system", Catalogia,[49] after struggling to find a bell chime timing device for St. Mary's.[50]

One-time Tuxedo resident Jimmy Webb wrote a cantata for a children's choir and small orchestra for St. Mary's, first performed in December 1983.[51] [52] An expanded version was later performed by Art Garfunkel and Amy Grant for the 1986 album The Animals' Christmas.[53] Other noteworthy musical events held at St. Mary's include a 1985-1986 concert series that featured a performance by clarinetist Gervase de Peyer,[54] and a 1993 concert held in collaboration with the Edvard Grieg Society of New York featuring the soprano Bodil Arnesen.[55]

In 1974, Bishop of New York Paul Moore Jr. visited St. Mary's to install board members for a local conference of Episcopal churches known as the Southern Orange Community.[56] Bishop Moore would return to the parish several years later to lead a special service celebrating the centennial of the founding of St. Mary's, held on October 16, 1988.[57]

Recent years have seen efforts to restore several of the church's stained glass windows and the establishment of a building preservation fund to aid repairs and ongoing maintenance. A report commissioned by the church in 2019 identified several critical areas in need of repair in both the church and the nearby rectory.[58]

Notable people

Several notable figures are known to have attended services at St. Mary's. A young Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed his name in the parish register while attending a baptismal ceremony on June 9, 1896, serving as a godfather for his cousin and Tuxedo Park resident Sara Roosevelt Collier.[59] Roosevelt was to later return to St. Mary's as an usher in the marriage of Muriel Delano Robbins to Cyril Martineau on June 1, 1907.[60] Future US Representative and Governor-General of the Philippines Francis Burton Harrison married Mary Crocker, daughter of Charles Frederick Crocker, at St. Mary's in 1900.[61] Author Mark Twain attended the 1906 wedding of Grenville Kane's eldest daughter, Sybil Kane, to the architect A. Stewart Walker.[62] [63] Twain is described as being a friend of the then-rector of St. Mary's the Reverend William Fitz-Simon, with the latter writing the former soliciting advice on the subject of marriage in 1908.[64] Banker J. P. Morgan attended Fitz-Simon's wedding in June that same year, leading the bride, his niece Ursula Morgan, up the St. Mary's aisle.[65] [66] The then-Superintendent of the United States Military Academy Douglas MacArthur was invited to speak at two Memorial Day services held on the church lawn in the early 1920s,[67] [68] [69] around the same time that he met his future wife Louise Cromwell Brooks at a party in Tuxedo.[70] [71] The then-Bishop of Rhode Island James DeWolf Perry presided over the wedding of Louise King and Kenneth Shaw Safe at St. Mary's on April 24, 1926; guests included Henry Francis du Pont and Frederic Augustus Juilliard.[72]

High-profile and noteworthy services continued to take place at St. Mary's in the post-Depression era. The once-youngest American ambassador in history and Chief of Protocol of the United States Angier B. Duke was married to Priscilla Avenal St. George at a St. Mary's ceremony on January 2, 1937; also in attendance was the banker and Tuxedo resident Charles E. Mitchell.[73] [74] Later that same month, a number of notables were present at the funeral for New York State Special Sessions Judge Frederic Kernochan, including Fiorello La Guardia, Thomas E. Dewey and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's son, James Roosevelt.[75] Funeral services for Adele S. Colgate, noted dog show judge, collector of Currier and Ives prints, and heir to the Colgate-Palmolive fortune, were held at St. Mary's on May 5, 1962.[76] [77] The Duke of Windsor and former King Edward VIII of England, along with his wife, Duchess of Windsor Wallis Simpson, attended a baptism at St. Mary's for one of the Duchess's godchildren in May 1969.[78]

List of rectors

Architecture

Desiring to complement the work of Village architect Bruce Price, architect William A. Potter—known for his numerous contributions to Princeton University's campus—produced a Shingle style design for St. Mary's in 1887. Critic Montgomery Schuyler described St. Mary's as a "cottage church," a term he deemed appropriate given Tuxedo's resort status.[80] Several experts, including Sarah Landau, Wayne Andrews and Lawrence Wodehouse, argue that the design for St. Mary's was influenced by the work of Henry Hobson Richardson;[81] Wodehouse attributes the "emphasis on horizontal cornices and high-pitched roofs" of St. Mary's to Richardson's 1880 design for the Dr. James Bryant House in Cohasset, Massachusetts.[82] One local influence was the nearby Tuxedo Park gatehouse, designed by Price and itself influenced by William Ralph Emerson's houses with "bouldered bases" (a phrase used by Landau to describe bases of buildings made of boulder-like stones) and Richardson's F. L. Ames Gate Lodge in North Easton, Massachusetts.[83] Although the church was originally designed with separate entrances for village residents and those who lived in the Town of Tuxedo, the latter entrance was ordered locked by the Reverend Merrill soon after his arrival at St. Mary's in 1894: it was never used again.[84] More modifications came when the church was significantly expanded starting in 1897, with the addition of a further arch to the nave, a transept and a choir aisle. The final major alteration to the church's structure was the installation of the western aisle in 1904.[85] A major aesthetic alteration occurred in 1922, when Isabelle Weart Giles arranged to have the church's sanctuary redesigned by the noted Gothic Revivalist architect Bertram Goodhue in honor of her late husband, Henry Morgan Tilford.[86] Celebrated architectural sculptor Lee Lawrie contributed an alabaster and gold panel to the reredos as part of the redesign.[87] An altar dedicated to St. Mark was installed at the foot of the western aisle in 1955, located in front of the since-replaced Hutchings-Votey organ given in honor of U.S. Representative and Tuxedo resident John Murray Mitchell.[88] Two additional architects contributed to the wider St. Mary's campus in its early days. The 1895 rectory, built at a cost of $12,000,[89] was designed by Richard Howland Hunt in the same Shingle style as the nearby church. A sum of $8,000 was raised to construct a parish house,[90] designed by Beaux-Arts architect James Brown Lord and built in 1901.[91] Bishop Potter helped to lay its cornerstone in February 1901,[92] before returning in June for the dedication.[93]

Chapel of the Holy Spirit

George de Ris of J&R Lamb Studios designed the Chapel of the Holy Spirit, located in the church's stone undercroft and described as being "built to suggest as nearly as possible a small Byzantine chapel."[94] Completed in 1941, the Bishop of New York William Thomas Manning, dedicated the chapel to the late spouses of banker and Tuxedo resident Richard Delafield.[95] The chapel features elements taken from the Tuxedo Park homes of Richard Mortimer and Henry Morgan Tilford.[96] These include an Italian marble hearthstone taken from Mortimer's since-demolished home "Mortemar" that now serves as the chapel's altar[97] and multiple stained glass fragments that date from possibly as early as the 15th century, at least some of which were taken from the Tilford House. Several of the glass fragments are estimated to date from the 16th century.[98] The chapel was renovated in 2015.

Stained glass

St. Mary's is home to an array of stained glass produced by several leading American studios around the turn of the 20th century,[99] [100] [101] including works by Louis Comfort Tiffany,[102] [103] Charles Lamb, John La Farge, Walter Janes and Henry Wynd Young. A window dedicated to Emily Post's son Bruce Price Post was made by J. Gordon Guthrie, an artist noted for his use of the color red in stained glass. Several windows have been restored in recent years.[104] St. Mary's was featured as part of the New York Landmarks Conservancy's seventh annual Sacred Sites Open House Weekend in 2017.[105]

List of windows

Images of stained glass

Chapel windows

Today

The current rector at St. Mary's is the Rev. Richard James Robÿn, who previously served as the 31st rector of Trinity Church Oxford in Philadelphia. Robÿn is a charter member of the North American province of the Society of Catholic Priests and presently serves as Treasurer on the Provincial Council as of April 2023.[124] St. Mary's tenth rector, the Rev. Dr. Edwin H. Cromey, serves as Rector Emeritus as of April 2023.[125]

Services of Holy Communion are held twice every Sunday at St. Mary's: a spoken Eucharist at 8am using Rite I of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer at the St. Mark's altar and one at 10am in the church using music and hymns (Rite II). Additional services include a 10am Eucharist held on Wednesdays, and a 5pm Evening service held at the St. Mark's altar from February through April.[126] The St. Mary's website estimates the church's capacity at 300, although past services have hosted as many as 500 guests.

St. Mary's rectors also conduct services and serve as priests-in-charge of St. John's in Arden, a country chapel whose cemetery serves as the final resting place of railroad magnate E. H. Harriman.[127] Erected by the Parrott family in 1863 on the former Arden estate, St. John's hosts three public services annually—on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve and Easter Sunday.[128] These services use the 1928 Book of Common Prayer and the 1940 Hymnal.

Burials and memorials

The cemetery at St. Mary's was established in 1910, soon after the deaths of Pierre Lorillard's daughter Emily Lorillard Kent and her husband William Kent, a Senior Warden at St. Mary's and great-grandson of James Kent.[129] [130] A columbarium was installed in 1968. Burials at St. Mary's include:[131]

Memorials

The memorials housed in St. Mary's have been recorded in the church's "Book of Remembrance", a book compiled by the St. Mary's Altar Guild and illuminated by the Sisters of St. Mary in Peekskill, New York.[140] Those for whom memorial tablets are dedicated at St. Mary's include:[141]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History. June 3, 2021.
  2. https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/80002740 "National Register Information System"
  3. Book: Lindsley, James Elliott. This Planted Vine: A Narrative History of the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Harper and Row Publishers. 1984. 0060153474. New York. 237.
  4. Book: Tuxedo Park: The Historic Houses. Tuxedo Park Historical Society. 2007. 978-0978945206. Sonne. Christian R.. Tuxedo Park, NY. 42–44. Hempel. Chiu yin. Bleecker. James.
  5. Book: Crofut, Doris. A Brief History of the Town of Tuxedo, Orange County, New York. The Town of Tuxedo. 1982. Tuxedo, NY. 26.
  6. Town of Tuxedo Bicentennial Commission Calendar. Via the Tuxedo Park Library.
  7. Crofut, Doris (1975). St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo, 1888-1975. Tuxedo Park, NY: Library Research Associates Inc. OCLC 2006112. p. 5.
  8. News: October 20, 1888. Notes from Suffern. XXXVIII. Rockland County Journal. June 2, 2021.
  9. Book: Rushmore, George M.. The World with a Fence Around It: Tuxedo Park - The Early Days. Pageant Press. 1957. New York, NY. 43.
  10. News: September 1950. Dedication. St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo News.
  11. November 28, 1901. Vestry of St. Mary's. St. Mary's Chronicle. 1. 10. 1. the St. Mary's Parish House Breezeway.
  12. News: July 18, 1943. GRENVILLE KANE, FINANCIER, 89, DIES: Last of Tuxedo Park Founders Was Former Partner of the Late T. Suffern Tailer KIN OF HENRY BREVOORT Sailed His Racing Yacht Ailsa Across Atlantic in '80s--Erie Railroad Ex-Aide. The New York Times.
  13. Web site: The Prince and Mrs. Potter. Tuxedo Park FYI.
  14. Crofut 1975, p. 5.
  15. Book: Hempel, Chiu Yin. Tuxedo Park: Lives, Legacies, Legends. Tuxedo Park Fire Department. 2010. 9780615373058. Tuxedo Park, NY. 59–63.
  16. Crofut 1975, p. 9.
  17. Crofut 1975, p. 13.
  18. Rushmore 1957, p. 112–113.
  19. Crofut 1975, p. 15.
  20. "Guilds". St. Mary's Chronicle. 1 (10): 1. November 28, 1901 – via the St. Mary's Parish House Breezeway.
  21. Crofut 1975, p. 8.
  22. Crofut 1975, p. 25.
  23. News: October 3, 1928. EDITH WILMERDING MARRIED AT TUXEDO; Becomes the Bride of Rodman B. Montgomery in a Church Ceremony. WEDDING A SOCIETY EVENT Music by Choir From St. George's Church, New York--Other Weddings of Yesterday. Kramer--Johnston. Bloom--Gordon. Henschel--Kellogg. Morard--De Tienne. Doyle--Cook.. The New York Times. June 22, 2021.
  24. News: March 1, 1936. NUPTIALS ARE HELD FOR MISS DE RHAM; Married to James R. Leonard in a Church Ceremony in Tuxedo Park. MANY GUESTS AT WEDDING Mrs. Sabin Carr Matron of Honor for Her Sister -- Bridegroom's Brother Is Best Man.. The New York Times. June 22, 2021.
  25. News: September 21, 1941. Miss Barbara Bradley Becomes the Bride Of Shelton Pitney Jr. in Church at Tuxedo. The New York Times. June 22, 2021.
  26. News: June 8, 1900. MISS CROCKER MARRIED: She Becomes the Bride of Francis Burton Harrison. Ceremonies at St. Mary's Church, in Tuxedo Park -- Wedding Breakfast at Mr. and Mrs. C.B. Alexander's. The New York Times. June 16, 2021.
  27. News: May 24, 1970. Julia Stimson Thorne Bride of John Kerry. Daily News. September 24, 2021.
  28. News: September 17, 1911 . In Historic Gown Miss Loomis Weds . . September 24, 2021.
  29. News: September 1950. St. Francis' Chapel. St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo News.
  30. Book: Bicentennial history of Sloatsburg, New York, 1776-1976. American Revolution Bicentennial Commission.. 1976. Sloatsburg, NY.
  31. Year Book of Tuxedo Park. Tuxedo Securities Corporation. 1926. p. 7. Via the Tuxedo Park Library.
  32. Book: Roosevelt Organs. August, 1892. . Press of Nathan Brothers . 140 W. Twenty-Third St., New York. . 29.
  33. Crofut 1975, p. 23.
  34. February 20, 1909. Church and Parish. The Churchman. 99. 278. Google Books.
  35. Web site: May 21, 1914. Exonerates R.D. Wrenn. June 9, 2021. The New York Times.
  36. Crofut 1975, pp. 29–30.
  37. Crofut 1975, p. 38.
  38. Crofut 1975, p. 44.
  39. Book: Brigham, Vera G.. Tuxedo Park School: A History 1900-1990. Concord Press, Inc.. 1990. Saddle Brook, NJ. 33. 708558844.
  40. November 1957. Tuxedo Park Conference Center To Open. The Bulletin of the Diocese of New York. 33. 8. 7.
  41. https://www.nytimes.com/1919/12/04/archives/hm-tilford-dies-exvice-president-of-standard-oil-left-20000000.html "H.M. TILFORD DIES. Ex-Vice President of Standard Oil Left $20,000,000"
  42. Book: Barriger, Lawrence. Glory to Jesus Christ: A History of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. 2000. 1885652445. Brookline, MA. 108. 44688457.
  43. News: December 1962. Francis French Was Just One Man...But—. The Bulletin.
  44. Book: Things You Ought To Know About St. Mary's Church. St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo. Tuxedo Park, New York. A Short History of Saint Mary's-in-Tuxedo.
  45. News: March 12, 2021. Church Office Moves to French House. This Week at St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo. August 11, 2021.
  46. Crofut 1975, p. 54.
  47. Web site: Austin Organs Inc. Northeast Research page . April 21, 2023.
  48. Crofut 1975, p. 55.
  49. News: December 31, 1986 . Hazard E. Reeves, 80; Popularized Cinerama . . April 22, 2023.
  50. News: Pope . LeRoy . February 16, 1982 . The world's goods at hand; No matter where you live . . April 22, 2023.
  51. News: December 21, 1986. Webb has grown up since "MacArthur Park". 93. The Indianapolis Star. July 16, 2021.
  52. Web site: Webb. Jimmy. December 24, 2015. Jimmy Webb - Posts Facebook. July 14, 2021. Facebook.
  53. Web site: Garfunkel . Art . Still Water: Prose Poems . Dutton . New York . 1989 . July 14, 2021.
  54. News: October 28, 1985. Sunday Performances at Four in St. Mary's. 29. Home and Store News.
  55. Book: St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo and The Edvard Grieg Society of New York present Bodil Arnesen, soprano; Audun Kayser, piano; in a Grieg Concert. 1993.
  56. Crofut 1975, p. 58.
  57. News: Yungmann. Stan. October 19, 1988. Tuxedo church boasts full history. Advertiser-Photo News.
  58. Web site: January 17, 2021. St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church Rector's Report. July 13, 2021.
  59. Crofut 1975, p. 12.
  60. News: June 2, 1907. MISS ROBBINS A BRIDE: Her Wedding to Cyril Martineau of London at Tuxedo Park.. The New York Times. September 24, 2021.
  61. "Marriage Announcement 1 -- No Title". The New York Times. June 8, 1900. p. 7.
  62. Book: Winslow, Albert Foster. Tuxedo Park: A Journal of Recollections. Tuxedo Historical Society. 1992. 0963469606. Tuxedo Park, NY. 155. 611295605.
  63. News: October 21, 1906. Society Buds to Bloom At Coming Tuxedo Ball. The Washington Times. June 5, 2021.
  64. Book: Coffey, Sandra Jean Williams. CLERGYMEN IN THE LIFE OF SAMUEL L. CLEMENS. North Texas State University. 1970. Denton, Texas. 104–105.
  65. News: June 24, 1908. MISS MORGAN WEDS REV. WM. FITZ-SIMON: The Bride is Given in Marriage by Her Uncle, J. Pierpont Morgan. The New York Times.
  66. News: June 24, 1908. J. P. Morgan's Niece Weds Clergyman. Nashville Banner. Associated Press.
  67. Lemanski, Bill (February 22, 2012). "St. Mary's in Tuxedo shines as a gem". The Photo News. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  68. Crofut 1975, p. 27.
  69. Book: Cromey, Edwin Harry. St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo: Bringing people in the community together. Drew University. 1997. 15.
  70. Book: Rice, Jr., Earle. Douglas MacArthur. Infobase Learning. 2013.
  71. Web site: Rasmussen. Fred. June 29, 1997. Famous officer lived here Home: Headquartered at Fort Meade, Douglas MacArthur moved to Green Spring Valley with his socialite wife in 1925. June 2, 2021. The Baltimore Sun.
  72. News: April 25, 1926. LOUISE KING WEDS KENIETH A. S. SAFE: Bishop Perry of Rhode Island Performs Ceremony in St. Mary's Church, Tuxedo. 2,000 ASKED TO RECEPTION Father Escorts the Bride -- Alice M. Post Maid of Honor -- Great Array of Society.. The New York Times.
  73. https://www.nytimes.com/1953/05/31/archives/a-b-duke-back-from-salvador.html "A. B. Duke Back From Salvador"
  74. News: January 3, 1937. Priscilla St. George Is Married To Angier B. Duke in Tuxedo Park; Ceremony Takes Place in Flower-Decorated Church--Large Reception Held at Home of Bride's Parents, Who Build Pavilion for Event--Cousin Is Matron of Honor. Brother Is Best Man Among Guests at Wedding. The New York Times. June 3, 2021.
  75. News: January 13, 1937. LEADERS ATTEND KERNOCHAN RITES: Judicial Associates Attend Simple Service in St. Mary's Church, Tuxedo Park. CITY OFFICIALS IN THRONG Mayor La Guardia Among 500 at Funeral--President's Son Represents Washington. Boys Scouts Guard of Honor James Roosevelt Present. The New York Times.
  76. News: May 3, 1962. ADELE S. COLGATE Prominent Dog Show Judge. The Journal News. June 30, 2021.
  77. News: October 17, 1932. TUXEDO SPINSTER HEIR TO MILLIONS. The Journal News. June 30, 2021.
  78. Crofut 1975, p. 49.
  79. Web site: The Rectors of St. Mary's. June 1, 2021.
  80. Schuyler. Montgomery. 1909. The Work of William Appleton Potter. Architectural Record. 26. 195–196. Google Books.
  81. Book: Andrews, Wayne. Architecture in New York; a photographic history. Atheneum. 1969. New York. 86. 70081933. 948254791.
  82. Wodehouse. Lawrence. May 1, 1973. William Appleton Potter, Principal "Pasticheur" of Henry Hobson Richardson. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 32. 2. 190. 10.2307/988831. 988831. JSTOR.
  83. Book: Landau, Sarah Bradford. Edward T. and William A. Potter : American Victorian architects. Garland Publishing. 1979. 0824039599. Outstanding Dissertations in the Fine Arts. New York. 203. 473537756.
  84. Crofut 1975, p. 11.
  85. Crofut 1975, p. 17.
  86. Web site: A Tour of Our Campus. May 31, 2021.
  87. Tachau. Hanna. August 1922. Lee Lawrie - Architectural Sculptor. International Studio. 394. archive.org.
  88. News: 1905 . New Music Review and Church Music Review . 1107.
  89. September 28, 1895. Diocesan News. The Churchman. 354. Google Books.
  90. News: 1900. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ST. MARY'S-IN-TUXEDO. 1. Tuxedo News. 1.
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