St. John's Church, Goygol Explained

Building Name:St. John's Church
German: St. Johanniskirche
Map Type:Azerbaijan
Map Size:250
Geo:40.5869°N 46.3158°W
Religious Affiliation:German Lutheran Church
Region:Goygol
Municipality:Goygol
Consecration Year:1857
Functional Status:Renovated
Architecture:yes
Architecture Style:Neogothic
Groundbreaking:1854
Year Completed:1857

Saint John's Church (Azerbaijani: Müqəddəs İohann kilsəsi; German: St. Johanniskirche) is a former Lutheran church in Goygol (formerly known as Helenendorf and later Khanlar), Azerbaijan. It was the first German Lutheran church ever built in Azerbaijan.

The church was included on the list of immovable historical and cultural monuments of local importance by decision No. 132 issued by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001, soon after Azerbaijan restored its independence.

The church building currently houses the Goygol Museum of History and Ethnography.

History

In 1817, several hundred families of Swabian Lutheran pietists arrived in Russian Empire with the permission of Emperor Alexander I. Nearly 700 of them were resettled in Transcaucasia, where as many as 120 of them founded the colony of Helenendorf.[1] [2] After the colony was established, a Lutheran congregation was officially established.[3] The first religious rituals were held by teachers of the parish school until a priest from Hanover was invited in 1832 to run the congregation.[4] Over time, the need for a place of worship became apparent. The cornerstone for the church was laid next to the parish school on 24 April 1854. The Gothic Revival church, constructed over three years and consecrated as St. John's Church,[5] [6] [7] became the first Lutheran church building in Azerbaijan.[8] [9] [10] Its first appointed pastor was Georg Heinrich Reitenbach.[11] The church organ was manufactured by E. F. Walcker & Cie., a Ludwigsburg-based company. The building, constructed from red brick, has a single clock tower, 16 large and two small windows, all crafted from wood, and two entrance doors. The church measures 13.3 meters in width, 36.6 meters in length, and has a ceiling height of 8.6 metres.[12]

During the Soviet era

In 1928, eight years after the Sovietisation of Azerbaijan, the Soviet government launched an anti-religious campaign.[13] Between 1936 and 1938, all Azerbaijani Lutheran pastors were arrested.[14] The last priest of Helenendorf's St. John's Church, Reverend Otto Wenzel, was arrested for the first time in 1931.[15] He was liberated shortly afterwards and continue to exercise his duties until 1936. The last confirmation ceremony at St. Jonh's Churchtook place in the church in 1934 and was attended by 85 teenagers. In 1936, Wenzel was arrested a second time and freed in 1939, only to be arrested again later that year. After his arrest, the church bell and the organ were removed from the church. The church building was locked down after the central government in Moscow ordered for all citizens of German origin to be deported from Azerbaijan and Georgia in 1941–1942, following the German army's offensive towards the Caucasus during World War II.[16] At different times, the building served as an indoor arena and a military hospital.

After independence

The church was included on the list of immovable historical and cultural monuments of local importance by decision No. 132 issued by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001, just after the Azerbaijan Republic restored its independence.[17]

Since 2005, the church houses the Goygol Museum of History and Ethnography.[18]

In 2008, St. JohnGerman Development Cooperation. The tower was supplied with a clock and bells thanks to fundraising efforts of EuroKaukAsia, a German society for culture and science.[19]

See also

References

  1. Sudaba. Zeynalova. 2005-01-01. Germans in Azerbaijan: a retrospective analysis. Central Asia and the Caucasus. 6. 1404-6091. 2023-11-22. 2023-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20231122122756/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/germans-in-azerbaijan-a-retrospective-analysis. live.
  2. Book: Zeynalova, Südabə. Azərbaycanda alman məskənlərinin salınmasından 200 il keçir. Xalq qəzeti. 2016. Bakı. az.
  3. Book: Əliyev, Elçin. Deutschs Erbe Spuren in der Architektur von Aserbaidschan. Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Baku. 2017. Bakı. 42. de. 2023-11-29. 2021-04-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428122855/http://anl.az/el/Kitab/2018/10/cd/Azf-304442.pdf. live.
  4. Book: Hacıyeva, Rima. Azərbaycan tolerantlığında alman irsinin izləri və memarlığı. Mənəvi Dəyərlərin Təbliği Fondu. 2019. Bakı. 156. az.
  5. Web site: "Lüteran kilsəsi". live. 2023-11-22. irs.gov.az. 2023-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20231122122157/http://irs.gov.az/location/luteran-kilsesi-1.
  6. Book: Hacıyeva, Rima. Azərbaycan tolerantlığında alman irsinin izləri və memarlığı. Mənəvi Dəyərlərin Təbliği Fondu. 2019. Bakı. 43. az.
  7. Web site: Helenendorf/Göygöl/Chanlar. 2023-11-28. ome-lexikon.uni-oldenburg.de. 2023-03-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155404/https://ome-lexikon.uni-oldenburg.de/orte/helenendorf/goeygoel/chanlar. live.
  8. Web site: Göygöl şəhərində almanların izi ilə Azerbaijan.Travel. 2023-11-28. azerbaijan.travel. az. 2023-03-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323172446/https://azerbaijan.travel/goygol-seherinde-almanlarin-izi-ile. live.
  9. Web site: 2019-07-29. Über 300 deutsche Häuser stehen in Göygöl noch. https://web.archive.org/web/20190731233654/https://azertag.az/de/xeber/Uber_300_deutsche_Hauser_stehen_in_Goygol_noch-1312247. 2019-07-31. 2023-11-28. Azerbaijan State News Agency.
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  11. Sudaba. Zeinalova. 2007-01-01. The Evangelical-Lutheran community in Azerbaijan: a retrospective analysis. The Caucasus & Globalization. 1. 5. 1819-7353. 2016-06-25. 2016-08-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160815083533/http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-evangelical-lutheran-community-in-azerbaijan-a-retrospective-analysis. live.
  12. Web site: Köhnəqala. Murad. Göytürk. Şəlalə. 2017-08-11. Армяне разграбили немецкую церковь – РЕПОРТАЖ (часть III). 2023-11-28. vzglyad.az. ru.
  13. Book: Arif Yunusov. Ислам в Азербайджане. Zaman. 2004. 9952-8052-0-9. Bakı. 78. 2022-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20230705193204/https://www.ipd-az.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Islam-az-rus.pdf. 2023-07-05. live.
  14. Book: Hacıyeva, Rima. Azərbaycan tolerantlığında alman irsinin izləri və memarlığı. Mənəvi Dəyərlərin Təbliği Fondu. 2019. Bakı. 151. az. 2024-01-08. 2024-02-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20240206114943/https://anyflip.com/nzcog/dhtv/basic/151-180. live.
  15. Book: Zeynalova, Südabə. Лютеране в России. Сборник докладов Международной научной конференции (Омск, 9–10 октября 2014 г.) / К истории возникновения евангелическо-лютеранской общины в Азербайджане (XIX – начало XX вв.). Ииздательство ОмГТУ. 2014. Omsk. 94. ru. 2023-11-28. 2022-12-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224160112/https://www.academia.edu/17579265/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4. live.
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  17. Web site: 2001-08-02. Azərbaycan Respublikası Nazirlər Kabinetinin 2001-ci il 2 avqust Tarixli 132 nömrəli qərarı ilə təsdiq edilmişdir. https://web.archive.org/web/20210707234315/http://www.mct.gov.az/medias/media/other/13/tma.pdf. 2021-07-07. 2023-11-02. mct.gov.az. az.
  18. Web site: 2022-12-08. Göygölün tarixi rəmzi olan Lüteran kilsəsi - VİDEO. 2023-11-28. Oxu.Az. az. 2022-12-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20221214125933/https://oxu.az/culture/671977. live.
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