| Jurisdiction: | Diocese |
| Oakland | |
| Latin: | Diœcesis Quercopolitana |
| Coat: | Coat of arms of the Diocese of Oakland.svg |
| Coat Size: | 150px |
| Country: |  United States |
| Territory: | Counties of Alameda and Contra Costa |
| Province: | Archdiocese of San Francisco |
| Area Sqmi: | 1,467 |
| Catholics: | 550,000[1] |
| Parishes: | 84 |
| Schools: | 54 |
| Denomination: | Catholic |
| Sui Iuris Church: | Latin Church |
| Rite: | Roman Rite |
| Established: | January 13, 1962 |
| Cathedral: | The Cathedral of Christ the Light |
| Patron: | Mary, Queen of the World, Francis de Sales |
| Bishop: | Michael C. Barber |
| Metro Archbishop: | Salvatore J. Cordileone |
| Vicar General: | George Mockel |
| Emeritus Bishops: | John S. Cummins |
| Map: | Diocese of Oakland map 1.png |
The Diocese of Oakland (Latin: Diœcesis Quercopolitana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the San Francisco Bay Area of California in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archbishop of San Francisco.
The Diocese of Oakland comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. Its mother church is the Cathedral of Christ the Light in Oakland. Its patron saints are Mary, mother of Jesus and Francis de Sales.[2]
The diocese filed for bankruptcy in May 2023 due to the cost of lawsuits by victims of child sex abuse by the diocese's clergy.
The East Bay area has undergone several different Catholic jurisdictions since it became part of the United States.
The first known mass in the Eastern Bay region was celebrated in 1772 by the missionary Juan Crespí near present-day Lake Merritt during the first European visit there. The Mission San José was established in 1797 by Fermin de Lasuen in present-day Fremont to evangelize the Chochenyo people. By this time, California had become part of the Spanish Empire.[4]
After the Mexican War of Independence ended in 1821, California became a part of Mexico. After the passage of the Mexican secularization act of 1833, the Mexican Government in 1836 stripped Mission San José, along with other missions, of their vast properties.
In the 1820s the Peralta family, a large landowner of present-day Alameda County, built a chapel at Rancho San Antonio, their ranch in present-day Oakland. Served by priests from Mission San José, the chapel was named Saint Anthony's. This was the first Catholic presence in Oakland.[5]
After the Mexican–American War in 1850, California became part of the United States. In 1853, Bishop Joseph Alemany of Monterey moved to San Francisco to become the first archbishop of San Francisco. At that time, Mission San José was the only parish in the East Bay area. The East Bay area would remain part of the archdiocese for the next 109 years.
In 1858, Alemany sent James Croke to establish St. Mary, Immaculate Conception Parish in Oakland. The first church in San Leandro was St. Leander's Church, dedicated in 1864 to serving a growing Portuguese immigrant population.[6] The archbishop in 1869 formed All Saints Parish in Hayward, composed mainly of immigrant families. Its church was dedicated in 1923.[7] St. Michael's parish, the first in Livermore, was established in 1872.[8] In 1893, Saint Francis de Sales Church was dedicated in Oakland. St. Joseph's Church, the first Catholic church in Berkeley, was dedicated in 1883.
In 1962, Pope John XXIII erected the Diocese of Oakland, taking Alameda and Contra Costa counties from the Archdiocese of San Francisco. The pope named Auxiliary Bishop Floyd Begin of the Diocese of Cleveland as the first bishop of Oakland.[9] When Begin started his tenure, the new diocese had a Catholic population of approximately 386,000 Catholics.[10] Saint Francis de Sales Church was designated as the cathedral. During the 1970s. the cathedral parish was known for developing what was called the "Oakland Cathedral Sound". Begin died in 1977.[11]
The second bishop of Oakland was Auxiliary Bishop John Stephen Cummins from the Diocese of Sacramento, named by Pope Paul VI in 1977.[12] The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused catastrophic damage to Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral and Sacred Heart Church. Facing a repair cost of $8 million for both facilities, Cummins opted to demolish them and plan a new cathedral instead. Auxiliary Bishop Allen Vigneron from the Archdiocese of Detroit was named coadjutor bishop by Pope John Paul II in early 2003 to assist Cummins.[13]
When Cummins retired in later 2003, Vigneron automatically replaced him as bishop. In 2005, ground was broken for the new $131 million Cathedral of Christ the Light on Lake Merritt in Oakland. It opened in 2008.
To replace Vigneron, who had become archbishop of Detroit, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Auxiliary Bishop Salvatore Cordileone of the Diocese of San Diego as the next bishop of Oakland.[14] In 2011, Cordileone was made chairman of the American Bishops' conference's Ad Hoc Committee for the Defense of Marriage.[15] A year later, Cordileone became archbishop of San Francisco.
Pope Francis in 2013 named Reverend Michael C. Barber as the next bishop of Oakland.[16] In 2014, Barber transferred two pastors, one of whom was openly gay, from Newman Hall Holy Spirit Parish in Berkeley. Barber refused to provide any explanation for the transfers to the pastors or to the parishioners.[17] [18] In 2019, Barber positioned himself against the proposed California State Senate Bill 360, which would require priests to break the seal of confession and report sexual abuse of minors. He was quoted "I will go to jail before I will obey this attack on our religious freedom."[19]
In May 2023, the diocese filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[20]
As of 2020, the Diocese of Oakland served an estimated Catholic population of 560,000. The diocese had 84 parishes and 16 pastoral centers.[21] The diocese celebrates mass in 15 different languages including Spanish, American Sign Language, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Latin (Mass of Paul VI and Tridentine Mass).
The Diocese of Oakland publishes The Catholic Voice, its official newspaper, on a semi-monthly basis.[22]
Linda Chapin was awarded $3 million in a 2004 sexual abuse settlement reached with the diocese. She had accused Francis, pastor of St. Bede Parish in Hayward, of raping her "ritualistically and sadistically" several times, beginning when she was six years old. Chapin called on the diocese to "name all the priests that there are credible allegations against."[23]
In 2005, Reverend Tim Stier from Corpus Christi Catholic Parish in Fremont resigned in protest at the failure of the diocese to address sexuality problems in priests. Stier described the diocese as hiding or ignoring the child sex abuse cases, and not holding its leaders accountable. He said,
"It's not as if I'm a perfect person and I don't have weaknesses and sin. But there is a level of dishonesty and arrogance in this that just tells me we need systemic, radical change."[24]In 2005, court papers revealed how the diocese handled sexual abuse allegations against Stephen Kiesle, a diocese priest. Eight victims had accused KIesle of sexually abusing them in the 1970s. In 1978, Kiesle had pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of lewd conduct for tying up and molesting two boys in a church rectory.[25] The diocese had relieved him of his priestly functions, but allowed him to continue work in the diocese.[26] In February 1982, Bishop Cummins wrote to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, then head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome, forwarding a request from Kiesle to be laicized. After complying with a request for more information, Cummins heard nothing from Ratzinger until 1985. At that point, Ratzinger told Cummins would take more time as he considered what was good for the church.[27] That same year, Kiesle started working as youth minister in a parish in Pinole. He served there for several years until a worker at the church complain to the diocese about Kiesle's conduct. Kiesle was laicized in 1987. In 2004, he was sentenced to six years in prison for sexually abusing a 13-year-old girl in Truckee.[28]
In 2005, the diocese settled its outstanding sexual abuse lawsuits for $56 million. The eight victims of abuse by Kiesle each received between $1 million and $1.5 million.[29] [30] Diocese insurance carriers covered some 57% of these payments. Bishop Vigneron in 2008 opened a Healing Garden at the Cathedral of Christ the Light, dedicated to victims of clergy sexual abuse.[30]
By 2008, at least 64 Roman Catholic clergy and religious had been accused of molesting children.[31] At that time, the diocese had only acknowledged 12 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse. The following clergy had been accused of multiple instances of sexual abuse:
By 2009, the diocese had paid $60.5 million to victims of sexual abuse, the largest payments being made in 2004 and 2005.[32]
In 2010, Teresa Rosson sued the diocese, claiming that Kiesle had sexually abused her, starting when she was an 11-year-old girl in 1972. Kiesle had married her mother in 1982. Rosson said that the diocese should have removed Kiesle from contact with parishioners when he was originally convicted in 1978.[33]
The California Supreme Court in 2012 ruled against a 2007 sexual abuse lawsuit brought by the six Quarry brothers against the diocese. The brothers claimed to have been sexually abused in the early 1970s by Reverend Donald Broderson. The court stated that since the one-year extension on the expired statute of limitations had ended, the brothers could not sue the diocese. Broderson was laicised in the 1990s.[34]
In July 2020, Reverend Varghese Alengadan from St. Joseph Basilica in Alameda was charged with committing sexual battery against a woman in 2019. Alengadan never showed up in court and was considered a fugitive.[35] After the alleged victim filed her accusation against Alegadan in early 2020, the diocese had suspended him from ministry.[36] In December 2020, the diocese paid $3.5 million to settle a lawsuit brought by a former seminarian who claimed he was raped by a diocesan priest in Livermore in 2017.[37]
The diocese filed for bankruptcy in May 2023, saying that 330 new sexual abuse lawsuits had been filed against it since 2020.[38] [39] Filing for bankruptcy or Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection has been criticised as a way to put further cases on indefinite hold. Chapter 11 protection avoids numerous costly individual trials, grouping them into one settlement. There is no discovery process about such matters as what church leaders knew as in a trial. Abuse survivors have called this a way to silence them. Joseph Piscitelli, a 1970s victim in the diocese of Oakland whose 2020 case was put on hold when the diocese declared bankruptcy in 2023, said "Oakland could get together enough money to build a $200m cathedral not too long ago, but they can't get the money together to pay the child victims whom they raped for decades".[40]
See main article: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland.
The Diocese of Oakland administers 39 elementary/middle schools and nine high schools serving over 17,000 students.[41]