Saint Andrews, New Brunswick Explained

Saint Andrews
Settlement Type:Town
Nickname:Saint Andrews By-the-Sea
Pushpin Map:New Brunswick
Coordinates:45.074°N -67.0521°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Canada
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:New Brunswick
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Charlotte
Established Title:Settled
Established Date:1783
Established Title1:Incorporated
Established Date1:1903
Named For:Saint Andrew's Day
Government Type:New Brunswick Municipality
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Brad Henderson
Leader Title1:Deputy Mayor
Leader Name1:Kate Akagi
Leader Title2:Councillors
Leader Name2:Kurt Gumushel, Steve Neil, Marc Blanchard, James Hirtle, Lee Heenan
Leader Title3:CAO
Leader Name3:Chris Spear
Area Land Km2:8.35
Population Total:2,048
Population As Of:2021
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Density Km2:245.3
Population Blank1 Title:Change (2016–21)
Population Blank1: 14.7%
Utc Offset:-4
Timezone Dst:ADT
Utc Offset Dst:-3
Postal Code Type:Canadian Postal code
Postal Code:E
Area Code:property|P473}}|
Blank Name:Telephone Exchange
Blank Info:529
Blank1 Name:NTS Map
Blank2 Name:GNBC Code
Blank2 Info:DAEBC

Saint Andrews is a town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. The historic town is a national historic site of Canada, bearing many characteristics of a typical 18th century British colonial settlement, including the original grid layout with its market square, and the classical architecture.

Although often shortened in non-official sources to St. Andrews, the town's legal name is spelt Saint Andrews,[2] and appears as such on the town's website;[3] St. Andrews by-the-Sea is a brand used for tourism purposes by the local Chamber of Commerce.

On 1 January 2023, Saint Andrews annexed the local service district of Bayside and Chamcook.[4] Revised census information has not yet been released.

History

The site of the town was named Qunnnoskwamk'ook, meaning long gravel bar in the Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. The present name was given by a French missionary who landed at the site on Saint Andrew's Day.[5] At the eastern end the town is a midden, a pile of shells and other refuse that accumulated over 2,000 years due to year-round activity of the Passamaquoddy. Today it is a provincial heritage site.[6]

The site was settled in 1783 by Penobscot Loyalists.[7] The town's street grid was designed by Charles Morris and was laid out at that time and persists today.[8] Except for the shoreline Water Street, the names of streets have royal or colonial associations: (Parr Street, Carleton Street and Montague Street are all named after governors. These streets cross thirteen named after the children of King George III.).[9] Also typical of British colonial settlement of the time are the town's defensive sites, public spaces, and delineation.[8] Between 1820 and 1860, the port of Saint Andrews welcomed Irish immigrants. They were first quarantined at Hospital Island, in Passamaquoddy Bay. At the 1851 census, more than 50% of the town's population had been born in Ireland.[10]

The Pendlebury Lighthouse, also known as the St. Andrews North Point Lighthouse, was built in 1833 at the tip of the peninsula.[11] Deactivated in 1938, it has since been restored and registered as a Canadian historic place.

In 1840, the Charlotte County Court House was built, and was used continually until 2016.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, St. Andrews became a seaside resort for people from Montreal and Boston who were seeking to escape the summer heat.[9] The town's first seaside hotel, the Argyll, opened in 1881.[12] It was followed in 1889 by The Algonquin, a resort on a hill overlooking the town, which became Canada's first seaside resort.[13] The Argyll burned down in 1892 and was never rebuilt while the Algonquin burned in 1914 and was rebuilt one year later. The lifestyle of wealthy summer visitors is commemorated at the Ross Memorial Museum.[14]

A federal marine research facility, the St. Andrews Biological Station, was established in 1908[9] and the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in 1969.[15]

The town was designated a national historic site in 1998.

Geography

Saint Andrews is at the southern tip of a peninsula, extending into Passamaquoddy Bay. The waterfront faces Saint Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island. The harbour is at the mouth of the St. Croix River.

The town is directly opposite the community of Robbinston, Maine, two kilometres to the west across the river mouth, and 53 km by road.

Ministers Island is east of the town and is accessible by road at low tide only.[16]

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint Andrews had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 8.35km2, it had a population density of in 2021.[1]

Transportation

Despite its proximity to the Canada–United States border, the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island, both in New Brunswick.

The only way into or out of Saint Andrews by land is via Route 127, which runs directly through the town. It meets Route 1 on either end of the town.

Media

A local community channel, CHCO-TV, serves the Saint Andrews and Charlotte County area. The station launched in 1993 on cable television, and began broadcasting over the air in 2006.

Education

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Census Profile of Saint Andrews, Town (TV) . Statistics Canada . 21 January 2023 . 6 December 2022.
  2. Web site: New Brunswick Regulation 85-6 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 85-45) . Government of New Brunswick . 26 July 2020.
  3. Web site: Town of Saint Andrews, New Brunswick . Big Bright Sun Communications . 26 July 2020.
  4. Web site: Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act . Government of New Brunswick . 11 January 2023 . 12 October 2022.
  5. Web site: St. Andrews . Provincial Archives of New Brunswick . 21 June 2020.
  6. Web site: Pagan Point. 6 June 2020. www.historicplaces.ca.
  7. Web site: Siebert . Wilbur . Provincial Archives of New Brunswick . archives.gnb.ca . The Ohio State University . 13 July 2020 . 1914.
  8. Web site: St. Andrews Historic District National Historic Site of Canada . www.pc.gc.ca . Government of Canada . 6 June 2020 . en.
  9. Web site: Our Heritage . St. Andrews by-the-Sea . 6 June 2020 . 21 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200621053727/https://standrewsbythesea.ca/heritage/ . dead .
  10. http://www.newirelandnb.ca/Chapters/Chapters-Charlotte-County.html Irish Canadian Cultural Association of New Brunswick
  11. Web site: Pendlebury Lighthouse . www.historicplaces.ca . 7 June 2020.
  12. David Sullivan, Argyll Hotel, Old New Brunswick, Accessed August 23, 2016
  13. Web site: Heritage, Arts & Culture . Town of Saint Andrews . 6 June 2020.
  14. Web site: Ross Memorial Museum . 6 June 2020.
  15. Web site: Huntsman Marine Science Centre. Huntsman Marine Science Centre . 6 June 2020 . en.
  16. Web site: The Van Horne Estate on Ministers Island, Crossing Tides & Time, A Unique Canadian Maritime Coastal Experience, St Andrews by the sea, New Brunswick, Canada . ministersisland.net . 6 June 2020.
  17. http://www.nbcc.ca/en/home/campuses/standrewscampus/default.aspx NBCC St. Andrews
  18. http://web1.nbed.nb.ca/sites/ASD-S/Pages/SchoolDirectory.aspx Schools in Anglophone South School District