Srikakulam district explained

Srikakulam district
Settlement Type:District of Andhra Pradesh
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Andhra Pradesh
Subdivision Type2:Region
Subdivision Name2:Uttarandhra
Seat Type:Headquarters
Seat:Srikakulam
Parts Type:Administrative Divisions
Leader Title:District collector
Leader Title1:Lok Sabha constituencies
Leader Name1:Srikakulam,Vizianagaram
Leader Title2:Assembly constituencies
Leader Name2:08
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Footnotes:[1]
Area Total Km2:4591
Population As Of:2011
Population Footnotes:[2]
Population Total:2191437
Population Density Km2:463
Population Urban Footnotes:[3]
Population Urban:373746
Population Density Rank:6th
Population Blank1 Title:Households
Population Blank1:681330
Population Blank2 Title:Sex ratio
Population Blank2:1015 (females per 1000 males)
Demographics Type1:Languages
Demographics1 Title1:Official
Demographics1 Info1:Telugu
Demographics Type2:Literacy
Demographics2 Title1:Literates
Demographics2 Info1:1495381
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+5:30
Postal Code Type:Postal Index Number
Postal Code:532xxx
Area Codes:+91–8942
Iso Code:IN-AP
Registration Plate Type:Vehicle registration
Registration Plate:AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[4]
Total Type:Total
Image Map1:
Zoom:7
Wikidata:yes
Coord:18.3017°N 83.8943°W
Map Caption1:Interactive map outlining district

Srikakulam district is one of the twenty-six districts of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, located in the Uttarandhra region of the state, with its headquarters located at Srikakulam.[5] [6] It is one of the six districts, located in the extreme northeastern direction of the state. It was formerly known as Chicacole, and was under Ganjam district till 1 April 1936, then merged under Vizagapatam district. Srikakulam district forms the core area of Kalinga where most of its historical capitals like Kalinganagari, pithunda, Dantapuram are located.

History

Prehistory

Evidence of early historic man and his activities during the Stone Age and Iron Age have been discovered at Sangamayya Konda and Dannanapeta. The speciality of Dannanapeta Iron Age megalithic site is a large single capstone as a dolmen with 36 ft in length and 14 ft in width and 2 ft thickness. Sailada Hills consists of 36 upright rocks and natural caves used for habitation by Iron Age man in Amudalavalasa mandal of the district.[7]

Jainism and Buddhism

Evidences of Jain monuments and Buddhist remnants were discovered near Sangamayya Konda. Jain rock beds were discovered at Dannanapeta near Amudalavalasa in the district. Salihundam is a famous Buddhist remnants site on the south bank of River Vamsadhara 5 kilometres west of Kalingapatnam and 18 kilometres from Srikakulam town.[8]

Post Independence

Srikakulam District was carved out in 1950 by bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam District. It remained unaffected in its territorial jurisdiction for some time. But in November 1969 the district lost 63 villages from Saluru Taluk and 44 villages from Bobbili Taluk on account of their transfer to the then newly constituted Gajapathinagaram Taluk of Visakhapatnam District.

In May 1979, the district underwent major territorial changes with the formation of a new district with headquarters at Vizianagaram which involved transfer of Salur, Bobbili, Parvathipuram and Cheepurupalli Taluks to the new district. Srikakulam's culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, music and theatres.[9]

Geography

Srikakulam district occupies an area of 4591km2,[10] comparatively equivalent to Trinidad and Tobago.[11] It is within the geographic coordinates of 18°-20’ and 19°-10’ N and 83°-50’ and 84°-50’ E. The district is skirted to a distance by Kandivalasagedda, Vamsadhara and Bahuda at certain stretches of their courses while a line of heights of the great Eastern Ghats run from the northeast. Vizianagaram district and Parvathipuram Manyam district flanks in the south and west while Odisha bounds it on the north and Bay of Bengal on the East. Srikakulam district can be divided into two main distinct natural divisions. A portion of Srikakulam district is plain terrain with intense agriculture and the other is rocky and hilly terrain covered with forests. Some of the Mahendragiri Hills covers Srikakulam district. Most of the forest area of the plain terrain has been damaged by intense agriculture. Kotthuru, Hiramandalam, Pathapatnam, Kalingadal reservoir and some other areas are still covered with dense forests. Srikakulam is 100km (100miles) north of Visakhapatnam. It has a population of 2,703,114 of which 10.98% is urban as of 2001. Srikakulam district has the longest coastline (about 193km (120miles)) in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Major rivers flowing through the district are River Nagavali, River Vamsadhara, Mahendratanaya, Champavati, Bahuda, Kumbhikota Gedda, Suvarnamukhi, Vegavati, Gomukhi. The Nagavali and Vamsadhara are the major rivers in Srikakulam district. These two river basins together constitute about 5% of the area. The Mahendratanaya and Bahuda rivers are two minor river basins in the district. Others are Benjigedda, Peddagedda, Kandivalasa gedda. Major irrigation projects on these rivers — Vamsadhara Project, Narayanapuram Anicut, Thotapalli Regulator — and some medium projects at Pydigam Project, Onigadda provide a total ayacut of 69373acres.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Srikakulam district has a population of 2,703,114, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait[12] or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 147th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 462PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.38%.[13] Srikakulam has a sex ratio of 1014 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62.3%.[14]

After reorganization the district had a population of 21,91,437, with a sex ratio of 1014 females to every 1000 males. 373,746 (17.05%) lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 1,85,890 (8.48%) and 94,371 (4.31%) of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 census, 92.34% of the population spoke Telugu, 6.18% Odia and 0.92% Sora as their first language.[15]

Household indicators

According to 2007–08, International Institute for Population Sciences,[16] 86.9% had access to electricity, 70.4% had drinking water, 18.5% toilet facilities, and 47.2% lived in a pucca (permanent) home. 31.5% of girls wed before the legal age of 18 and 90.1% of interviewees carried a BPL card.

Politics

Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency), Vizianagaram (Lok Sabha constituency)

The seven Assembly segments of Srikakulam Lok Sabha and One Assembly segment of Vijayanagaram Lok Sabha constituency are:

Constituency numberNameReserved for
(SC/ST/None)
Lok Sabha constituency
1IchchapuramNoneSrikakulam
2PalasaNone
3TekkaliNone
4PathapatnamNone
5SrikakulamNone
6AmadalavalasaNone
7NarasannapetaNone
8EtcherlaNoneVizianagaram

Cities And Towns

There are one municipal corporation, three municipalities, two nagar panchayats and seven census towns. The municipal corporation in the district is Srikakulam and three municipalities in the district are Amadalavalasa, Ichchapuram, Palasa-Kasibugga. The six census towns are Balaga, Hiramandalam, Narasannapeta, Ponduru, Sompeta, Tekkali.

Administrative divisions

The district is divided into 3 revenue divisions: Palasa, Srikakulam and Tekkali, which are further subdivided into a total of 30 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.[17]

Mandals

The list of 30 mandals in Srikakulam district, divided into 3 revenue divisions, is given below.[18] [19]

  1. Palasa revenue division
    1. Ichchapuram
    2. Kaviti
    3. Sompeta
    4. Kanchili
    5. Palasa
    6. Mandasa
    7. Vajrapukotturu
    8. Nandigama
  2. Srikakulam revenue division
        1. Srikakulam Gara
    1. Amadalavalasa
    2. Ponduru
    3. Sarubujjili
    4. Burja
    5. Narasannapeta
    6. Polaki
    7. Etcherla
    8. Laveru mandalLaveru
    9. Ranastalam
    10. Ganguvarisigadam
    11. Jalumuru
  3. Tekkali revenue division
    1. Tekkali
    2. Santha Bommali
    3. Kotabommali
    4. Pathapatnam
    5. Meliaputti
    6. Saravakota
    7. Kothuru
    8. Hiramandalam
    9. Lakshminarasupeta

Erstwhile Talukas

Before Formation of Mandals, Administration was done through Taluka system. Erstwhile Talukas in district is given below.

In 1978, the number of talukas in Srikakulam district was increased from 14 to 19. Later in 1985, 19 Talukas were divided into 60 mandals, out of which 14 talukas were in Srikakulam further bifurcated into 38 Mandals.

!S.No.!Erstwhile Talukasin 1971!Newly Formed Talukasin 1978!Newly Formed Mandalsin 1985
1SrikakulamSrikakulamSrikakulam, Gara,
AmadalavalasaAmadalavalasa, Burja [part], Sarubujjili,
2PalakondaPalakondaPalakonda, Vanagara, Burja [part], Seethampeta,
RajamVeeraghattam, Regidi, Rajam, Santhakaviti,
3PathapatnamPathapatnamPathapatnam, Kothuru [part], Hiramandalam[part], Saravakota, Meliaputti, Tekkali [part],
HiramandalamHiramandalam[part], Bhamini, Kothuru [part], Lakshminarsupeta
4NarasannapetNarasannapetNarasannapet, Polaki [part],
KotabommaliKotabommali [part], Polaki [part], Jalumuru, Santhabommali [part],
5TekkaliTekkaliTekkali [part], Kotabommali [part], Santhabommali [part], Nandigam [part], Varjapukothuru [part]
PalasaPalasa, Nandigam [part], Varjapukothuru [part],
6SompetaSompetaSompeta, mandasa,
7IchchapuramIchchapuramIchchapuram, Kaviti,
8CheepurupalleRanasthalamRanasthalam, Laveru,
PonduruGanguvari sigadam, Pondhuru, Etcherla,
      • Cheepurupalle [New Vizianagaram]
Vizianagaram District
9Bobbili
      • Bobbili [New Vizianagaram]
10Salur
      • Salur [New Vizianagaram]
11Parvathipuram
      • Parvathipuram [New Vizianagaram]

Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies

There are three Parliamentary Constituencies and 10 assembly constituencies in Srikakulam district. Parliamentary constituencies include Srikakulam, Araku, and Vizianagaram.[20]

The 10 Assembly Constituencies are Amadalavalasa, Rajam, Tekkali, Ichchapuram, Palasa, Narasannapeta, Palakonda, Pathapatnam, Srikakulam and Etcherla.

Municipalities in District

!S.No.!City / Town!Civic Status of Town!No.of Wards!MunicipalityFormation year!2011 Census Population!2001 Census Population!1991 Census Population!1981 Census Population!1971 Census Population!1961 Census Population!1951 Census Population
1SrikakulamMunicipal Corporation5018561,37,9441,17,32088,88368,14545,17935,07124,212
2Palasa-KasibuggaMunicipality Grade - 231200057,50749,89933,05723,73717,439----
3AmadalavalasaMunicipality Grade - 227198739,79937,93134,39518,00513,842----
4IchapuramMunicipality Grade - 323198636,49332,66229,56419,15215,85012,96111,390

Villages

Economy

The gross district domestic product (GDDP) of the district is and it contributes 3.8% to the gross state domestic product (GSDP). While the per capita income at current prices was . The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute, and respectively.[22]

Tribal communities such as the Saora and Jatapus still practise the traditional podu system of cultivation.[23]

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, a major pharmaceutical company, is at Pydibhimavaram.

Transport

The total road length of state highways in the district is 959km (596miles).[24] Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation runs bus services to all the major cities and towns of the state from the district.Major railway stations in the district include Amudalavalasa, Srikakulam Road railway station, Palasa railway station (major station) Naupada, Ichchapuram and Sompeta etc.

Culture

The district is renowned for the brassware products namely, Budithi Bell and Brass Craft, which are made at Budithi village. These are registered as geographic indication from Andhra Pradesh.[25]

The district has many people from fields like film industry, music, art and architecture etc. Among the notable people are Vaddadi Papaiah, J. V. Somayajulu, Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty, Sarat babu, LV Revanth(Indian idol), Rao Ramesh, Rao gopala Rao, Sai kumar, Pingali Nagendrarao, and Kalipatnam Ramarao.

Sports

Kodi Rammurthy Naidu (body builder), Karnam Malleswari (Olympic medalist), Pujari Sailaja in weight lifting are famous people from the district.

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[26] [27] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are 3,875 schools. They include, 55 government, 2,833 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 573 private, 14 model, 32 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 85 municipal and 282 other types of schools.[28] The number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district is 371,472.[29]

The only university in the district is Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam[30] and medical colleges are Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences in Srikakulam town, GEMS—Great Eastern Medical Speciality and Hospital in Ragolu village.

Temples

There are seven temples under the management of Endowments Department.[31]

Trust controlled Temples
S.noTempleMandalVillage
1Sri Kodanda Rama Swamy Temple SRIKAKULAM BALAGA (RURAL)
2Sri Maninageswara Swamy Temple SRIKAKULAM KALLEPALLE
3Sri Kothamma Ammavari Temple KOTABOMMILI KOTABOMMILI
4Sri Neelamani Durga Ammavari Temple PATHAPATNAMPATHAPATNAM
5Sri Yendala Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple TEKKALIRAAVI VALASA
6Sri Hatakeswara Swamy Temple SRIKAKULAMSingupuram
7Sri kurmam Temple GARASRI KURMAM
8Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple ARASAVELLIARASAVELLI

Important Commodities Produced / Manufactured in the District

Following are the towns & villages with respective commodities produced across the district.[32]

S#TownCommodities
1SrikakulamJute, Bricks, Iron Articles
2PalasaCashew Nuts, Coir Ropes, Sugar
3Ichchapuram Coir Ropes, Bricks, Stone Carving
4Sompeta Cashew Nuts, Baskets
5Hiramandalam Groundnut Oil
6Tekkali Aluminium Moulding
7Amadalavalasa Sugar
8Narasannapeta Jaggery
9Balaga Jute, Bricks
10Ponduru Textiles, Ground Nut

Notable people

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: correspondent . dc . 2022-01-26 . Government at doorstep: Andhra Pradesh to have 26 new districts . 2022-04-21 . Deccan Chronicle . en.
  2. Web site: District Census Hand Book – Srikakulam. . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  3. Web site: District Census Hand Book – Srikakulam . . . 14 June 2019 .
  4. News: New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched . https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html . dead . 3 February 2019 . 9 June 2019 . The New Indian Express . 31 January 2019 . Vijayawada.
  5. Web site: Srikakulam Andhra Pradesh DISTRICTS OF INDIA . districts.nic.in . 11 May 2019.
  6. Web site: Population of AP districts(2011) . ap.gov.in . 25 May 2014 . 14 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131112141602/http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/Population.pdf . 12 November 2013 .
  7. News: Iron Age habitation found in Srikakulam. 14 June 2014. The Hindu. 16 October 2011.
  8. News: Remnants of Jain monuments found. 14 June 2014. 21 August 2009.
  9. Web site: Districts of India . 11 October 2011 . Law . Gwillim . 25 September 2011 . Statoids.
  10. Book: Srivastava, Dayawanti . etal . India 2010: A Reference Annual . States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government . 54th . . 2010 . New Delhi, India . 1111–1112 . 978-81-230-1617-7.
  11. Web site: Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area . 11 October 2011 . 18 February 1998 . . Melville Island 5,765km2.
  12. Web site: US Directorate of Intelligence . Country Comparison:Population . https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html . dead . 13 June 2007 . 1 October 2011 . Kuwait 2,595,62.
  13. Web site: 2011 . District Census 2011 . 30 September 2011 . Census2011.co.in.
  14. Web site: District Census Hand Book – Srikakulam . . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  15. Web site: Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh . . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  16. Web site: District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Pradesh. 2010. International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 3 October 2011.
  17. Web site: ULB Lists. Commissioner and Directorate of Municipal Administration. 26 May 2017.
  18. Web site: Mandals District Srikakulam, Government of Andhra Pradesh India . 2022-04-21 . en-US.
  19. Web site: 2022-04-03 . New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh . 2022-05-06 . Sakshi Post . en.
  20. Web site: District-wise Assembly-Constituencies. ceoandhra.nic.in.
  21. Web site: Komarthi Population (2020/2021), Village in Narasannapeta Mandal, Pincode. 2022-01-03. www.indiagrowing.com.
  22. Web site: Economy of Srikakulam District. Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. 25 April 2017.
  23. Book: von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph . Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival . University of California Press . 1982 . 978-0-520-04315-2 . 77–78 . Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf.
  24. Web site: Existing State Highways. Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1. https://web.archive.org/web/20180920122729/http://aprdc.ap.gov.in/Documents/DOWNLOADDOCUMENTS/STATE%20SH%20ROADS.pdf. 20 September 2018. 11 May 2019.
  25. Web site: State Wise Registration Details of G.I Applications. Geographical Indication Registry. 4 February 2016. 3. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160201065403/http://ipindia.nic.in/girindia/treasures_protected/registered_GI_18November2015.pdf. 1 February 2016. dmy-all.
  26. Web site: School Education Department. School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. 7 November 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf. 27 December 2015. dmy-all.
  27. Web site: The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal. www.ap.gov.in. 7 November 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/. 7 November 2016. dmy-all.
  28. Web site: School Information Report. Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 8 November 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161108154343/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls. 8 November 2016. dmy-all.
  29. Web site: Student Information Report. https://web.archive.org/web/20150522011144/http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/districtStudentReport.do. dead. 22 May 2015. Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. 8 November 2016.
  30. Web site: Welcome :: Dr.B.R.Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, AP. INDIA. brau.in. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110624230046/http://www.brau.in/aboutus.shtml. 24 June 2011. dmy-all.
  31. Web site: Trust Boards Abstract. AP Temples Portal, Government of Andhra Pradesh. 24 July 2018.
  32. Web site: Census of India 2011 Andhra Pradesh District Census Handbook Srikakulam Village and Town Directory . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161114032614/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2811_PART_A_DCHB_SRIKAKULAM.pdf . 2016-11-14 . Government of India Census.