Sri Lankan Australians Explained

Group:Sri Lankan Australians
Population:145,430 born in Sri Lanka (2021)[1]
95,948 Australians of Sri Lankan Ancestry

58,166 Sinhalese Australians

6,775 Sri Lankan Tamil Australians

Over 0.48% of the population

Pop1:55,835
Pop2:28,713
Pop3:9,756
Pop4:7,800
Pop5:3,785
Pop6:2,774
Pop7:447
Pop8:775
Languages:English, Sinhala, Tamil
Religions:Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam
Related:Sri Lankans
Footnotes: Populations based on Sri Lankan born population only, 2016 census.[2]

Sri Lankan Australians (si|ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානුවන්, ta|இலங்கை ஆஸ்திரேலியர்கள்) are people of Sri Lankan heritage living in Australia; this includes Sri Lankans by birth and by ancestry. Sri Lankan Australians constitute one of the largest groups of Overseas Sri Lankan communities and are the largest diasporic Sri Lankan community in Oceania. Sri Lankan Australians consist of people with Sinhalese, Tamil, Moor, Burgher, Malay and Chinese origins among others.[3]

History

Early arrivals

Recorded Sri Lankan immigration to Australia started in 1816, with the transportation of Drum Major William O'Dean (a Sri Lankan Malay) and his wife Eve (a Sinhalese). Early immigrants from Sri Lanka (at that time known as Ceylon) were generally (unlike the O'Deans) absorbed into the Aboriginal population. Other early references of Sri Lankan migration date back to the 1870s when authorities in South Australia sought out the possibility of importing labour from Ceylon.[4] The first Sinhalese from Sri Lanka arrived in 1870 to work in sugarcane plantations in Queensland. A community was believed to exist on Thursday Island in 1876. In 1882, a group of 500 left Colombo for Queensland, mostly in Mackay.[4]

20th century

Under the White Australia policy, immigration was negligible. It resumed after the Second World War primarily involving migration of Burghers, who fulfilled the then criteria that they should be of predominantly European ancestry and that their appearance should be European. By 1954 around 2000 Sri Lankans had been accepted. Sinhalese migration began in the 1960s but it was after the mid-1970s that large groups arrived, which also included Christians and Buddhists. During the 1970s intake restrictions loosened and Sri Lankan students undertook courses in Australia as part of the Colombo Plan prior to the formal dismantling of the White Australia policy, and after 1973 and from the early 1980s Sinhalese, Tamil and Moor migration resumed and increased.[4] [5]

Present

In The Australian People, S. Pinnawala writes that "social interaction between the various Sri Lankan migrant groups has often been influenced by factors originating in their home country".

In the 1980s, on a reflection of ethnic unrest in Sri Lanka, tensions between the Sinhalese and Tamil communities grew. However, in Pinnawala's opinion, more recently a Sri Lankan identity has developed among the various religious and ethnic migrants.

This has led to many new community organisations being established to promote Sri Lankan culture and traditions. There have also been strong links formed between Sinhalese Buddhists now living in Australia and their co-religionists from Burma, Thailand and Cambodia. Similar trends can be traced between Christian migrants from Sri Lanka who now live in Australia.[4]

Demographics

See also: Tamil Australians.

The city of Melbourne contains just under half of the Sri Lankan Australians. Fewer than 20% are estimated to live outside New South Wales and Victoria.

The number of Sri Lankan Australians counted in 1996, including the second-generation, was 64,068. The 2011 census recorded 86,412 Sri Lankans born in Australia.

The rate of assimilation among Sri Lankan Australians is fairly high: among second-generation immigrants, the 'in-marriage' rate was extremely low – 5.6% for brides and 3.0% for grooms.

Sinhalese Australians have an exceptionally low rate of return migration to Sri Lanka. In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 800 Australian citizens resident in Sri Lanka. It is unclear whether these were returning Sri Lankan emigrants with Australian citizenship, their Sri Lankan Australian children, or other Australians present on business or for some other reason.

Tamils in Australia numbered 19,426 in the 2011 Census.[6] The majority of Tamils born in Sri Lanka came to Australia after 1983 when Sri Lanka faced ethnic turmoil and unrest (Black July). The Western suburbs of Sydney and the South Eastern Suburbs of Melbourne have a relatively high number of Tamil speaking people. There were 73161 Tamil speakers according to the 2016 Census, with the largest proportion of people across Australia in the Western Sydney suburb of Westmead (1,425 people, or 3.6% of people in that suburb), followed by Toongabbie (1,404 people, or 3.5% of people in that suburb).[7] Numerous Tamil schools and Hindu Temples have been established in all main cities to cater for the growing Sri Lankan Tamil population.

Analysis of 2011 census by language and ancestry[8]
AncestryLanguage (first ancestry)Language (second ancestry)
Not
stated 		Other Total Not
stated 		Other Total
11,407 1,057 85 58 149 12,756 650 257 16 13 48 984
Indian Tamil 406 50 4 3 15 478 21 12 0 0 -1 32
4,153 702 102 27 41 5,025 62 83 6 0 8 159
Sub-total Tamil 15,966 1,809 191 88 205 18,259 733 352 22 13 55 1,175
20,923 77,033 64 3,204 249,641 350,865 540 31,992 38 217 7,246 40,033
Sri Lankan 8,534 23,792 27,862 442 1,551 62,181 300 11,541 679 47 389 12,956
748 4,777,283 684 24,942 118,275 4,921,932 82 2,135,198 50 6,458 34,761 2,176,549
942 2,351 16,898 115 225 20,531 76 901 1,372 13 54 2,416
862 7,062,120 809 33,676 125,990 7,223,457 7 13,136 8 107 1,821 15,079
Malay 502 6,973 17 134 13,230 20,856 91 9,015 32 56 3,568 12,762
Singaporean 178 1,930 0 123 1,302 3,533 25 2,083 0 13 498 2,619
Not stated 856 391,451 913 979,843 102,167 1,475,230 47,984 10,434,941 45,710 1,060,759 3,465,645 15,055,039
Other 640 4,164,549 754 42,924 3,202,008 7,410,875 313 3,870,132 281 17,808 300,557 4,189,091
Total 50,151 16,509,291 48,192 1,085,491 3,814,594 21,507,719 50,151 16,509,291 48,192 1,085,491 3,814,594 21,507,719

Language

In 2006, there were 29,055 Australians who spoke Sinhalese at home.[9] SBS Radio is available in Sinhalese,[10] and Melbourne television channel Channel 31 runs the Sri Lankan Morning show, which has sections in Sinhalese.[11]

Religion

In 2016, 40.8% from Sri Lankan Australians population identifying as Buddhists, 20.7% as Catholic, 18.8% as Hindus, 4.2% as Anglican and 3.7% as Irreligion.[12]

Most Sinhalese in Australia are Theravada Buddhists, and a small percentage of Sinhalese follow branches of Christianity. Sri Lankans have established many Theravada Buddhist temples across Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia including the Dhamma Sarana Buddhist Temple of Melbourne's eastern suburbs.[13]

The majority of Sri Lankan Tamils are Hindu. The Sydney Murugan Temple was constructed for the needs of the high Tamil population in Western Sydney. Smaller temples have been built in the greater Sydney area. The Siva Vishnu Temple in Carrum Downs south east of Melbourne is also a temple built by Sri Lankan Tamils. The Sunshine Murugan Temple in western Melbourne also caters to the Tamil community. In other cities such as Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Townsville, Darwin, Canberra and Hobart, Hindu temples have also been built.

Culture

Popularly celebrated community festivals include Sri Lankan Independence Day (4 February) and Sri Lankan New Year (14 April). Sri Lankan restaurants are becoming a popular feature of shopping strips in Melbourne, Hawthorn, Brunswick, Northcote, Glen Waverley and Dandenong, while Sri Lankan Australian media is also growing with newspapers, television and radio stations broadcasting cultural programs.[5]

Community

Suburb[14] Percentage of
Sri Lankans
9.4%[15]
8.5%[16]
5.4%[17]
5.3%[18]
4.8%[19]
4.8%[20]
4.5%[21]
4.3%[22]
4.2%[23]
3.7%[24]
3.7%[25]
3.6%[26]
3.6%[27]
3.4%[28]
3.3%[29]
3.2%[30]
3.1%[31]
3.1%[32]

Australia

Events
Organizations

https://www.slansw.org.au/

Websites

Canberra

New South Wales

Organizations
Radio

Victoria

Events
Organizations

South Australia (Adelaide)

Organizations
Newspapers
TV
Radio

Western Australia

Organizations

Northern Territory

Notable Sri Lankan Australians

See main article: List of Sri Lankan Australians.

See also

Further reading

Information about Sri Lankans in Australia can be obtained from the following publications.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2021 People in Australia who were born in Sri Lanka, Census Country of birth QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics .
  2. Web site: Community Information Summary Sri Lanka-born. Department of Immigration and Citizenship.
  3. Web site: People of Sri Lanka . March 2017 . The Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue and Official Languages . 1 January 2018 . 1 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180101194504/http://mncdol.gov.lk/web/images/downloads/publications/people_of_sri_lanka_book.pdf . dead .
  4. Web site: SBS Radio - Sinhalese. radio.sbs.com.au . https://web.archive.org/web/20091003100419/http://radio.sbs.com.au/language.php?page=info&language=Sinhalese . 3 October 2009.
  5. Web site: Sri Lankans. eMelbourne. 20 August 2011.
  6. Web site: Ancestry – Sri Lankan /Sinhalese/Tamil. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 January 2014.
  7. Web site: ஆஸ்திரேலியாவின் எந்த suburb-இல் தமிழர்கள் அதிகமாக வாழ்கின்றனர்? SBS Your Language . www.sbs.com.au . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170809033308/http://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/tamil/ta/article/2017/07/15/aastireeliyaavinnn-ent-suburb-il-tmilllrkll-atikmaak-vaalllkinnnrrnnnr?language=ta . 2017-08-09.
  8. Web site: 2011 Census of Population and Housing. Table Builder. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 14 May 2024. 28 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141228060418/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/webapi/jsf/login.xhtml. dead.
  9. Web site: 2006 Census - Australia - Language . 22 March 2010.
  10. Web site: SBS Schedule . 22 March 2010.
  11. Web site: Channel 31 - Sri Lanka Morning Show . 22 March 2010.
  12. Web site: 2016 People in Australia who were born in Sri Lanka, Census Country of birth QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics . 2023-04-11 . www.abs.gov.au.
  13. Web site: Dhamma Sarana Buddhist Temple . 22 March 2010.
  14. Areas with a high concentration of Sri Lankans in Australia, according to the 2006 Census.
  15. Web site: 2011 Census QuickStats : Pendle Hill (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2014-03-10.
  16. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Homebush (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  17. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Homebush West (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  18. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Endeavour Hills (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  19. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Dandenong (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  20. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Strathfield South (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  21. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Lynbrook (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  22. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Hallam (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  23. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Lyndhurst (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  24. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Dandenong North (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  25. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Hampton Park (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  26. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Noble Park (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  27. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Glen Waverley (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  28. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Clayton South (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  29. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Clayton (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  30. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Oakleigh East (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  31. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Keysborough (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  32. Web site: 2006 Census QuickStats : Lidcombe (State Suburb) . Censusdata.abs.gov.au . 2013-07-27.
  33. http://lankanfest.com.au/ Lankan Fest
  34. Web site: SCATS: One of the oldest Sri Lankan community organisations in Melbourne, celebrating of its 25th year anniversary.
  35. Web site: usmaa.org.au . usmaa.org.au . 2013-07-27 . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514035251/https://usmaa.org.au/ . live .
  36. Web site: The Sri Lanka Dhamma Vihara Association of Canberra(SLDVAC) Inc . Dhammavihara.org.au . 2013-07-27.
  37. Web site: alma.org.au . alma.org.au . 2013-07-27 . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514035307/https://www.almais.alma.org.au/ . live .
  38. Web site: SBS Radio - Sinhalese. radio.sbs.com.au . https://web.archive.org/web/20091001221704/http://radio.sbs.com.au/language.php?language=Sinhalese . 1 October 2009.
  39. Web site: Black & Gold of Victoria - D.S. Senanayake College Old Boys Association . 14 May 2024 . 18 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211218142145/http://myblackandgold.org/ . live .
  40. Web site: Good Shepherd Convent Colombo Past Pupils' Association . 14 May 2024 . 27 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230127113747/https://goodshepherdconventkotahena.com/ppa.html . dead .
  41. Web site: Katherine Keegel Children's Fund (KKCF) . 14 May 2024 . 9 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220209052003/http://www.kkcf.org/ . live .
  42. Web site: Sri Lankan - Northern Melbourne Sri Lankan Senior's Association Inc. - - - Community Directory - City of Whittlesea. 14 May 2024. 24 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240324052336/https://directory.whittlesea.vic.gov.au/seniors-and-aged/senior-citizen-clubs/sri-lankan-northern-melbourne-sri-lankan-seniors-association-inc.aspx. live.
  43. Web site: Royal College Old Boys Association . 14 May 2024 . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514035256/https://www.rcobaa.org.au/ . live .
  44. http://nalanda.com.au/ Nalanda College Old Boys Association, Sydney, Australia
  45. Web site: OLD NALANDIANS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA (ONAA, Melbourne . 14 May 2024 . 10 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210410154310/http://www.nalandaoba.org.au/ . live .
  46. Web site: Nalanda Old Boys Association Queensland Inc . 14 May 2024 . 27 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190627111535/https://nalandaobaqueensland.org/about/ . dead .
  47. Web site: Old Nalandians Association of Western Australia Inc . 14 May 2024 . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514035338/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fonaofwa%2F . live .
  48. http://www.oldjoesaust.com.au/ St. Joseph's College Old Boys Union
  49. Web site: usmaa.org.au . usmaa.org.au . 2013-07-27.
  50. Web site: Adelaide Sri Lanka Buddhist Vihara . 14 May 2024 . 15 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190515085856/http://asbvihara.com.au/ . live .
  51. Web site: Adelaide Sri Lankan Community . 14 May 2024 . 11 September 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140911114541/http://adelaidesrilankan.com/ . live .
  52. http://slaya.org.au Sri Lankan Australian Youth Association
  53. http://srilankanvihara.org.au Sri Lanka Buddhist Vihara Perth Western Australia
  54. Web site: Sri Lankan Muslim Society of Western Australia Inc. . 14 May 2024 . 21 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211021154408/http://slmswa.org/ . dead .
  55. Web site: The Buddhist Society of the N.T. . 14 May 2024 . 16 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210816015520/http://www.ntbuddhist.org.au/index.html . dead .
  56. Web site: Sri Lanka Australia Friendship Association . 14 May 2024 . 22 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200922203545/http://www.slafa.org.au/ . live .

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