Spyridon Mavrogenis Explained

Spyridon Mavrogenis Pasha^[1] (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Σπυρίδων Μαυρογένης), in Turkish known as Ispiro Mavroyani,^[2] was a Phanariot Greek doctor who was the physician of Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.^[1] Constantinos Trompoukis and John Lascaratos described him as "a prolific scholar".^[3] He was fluent in Greek, French, and German.^[4]

History

A member of the Mavrogheni family, his great-grandfather was Petros Mavrogenis. His father died when he was young, so he lived with his uncle, Ioannis Mavrogenis, who was living in Vienna as the chargé d'affairs of the local Ottoman mission. He had studied at the Chalcis Commercial School prior to living with his uncle and at a medical studies programme in Vienna from 1835-1843. He initially remained in that city, working in city-owned hospital as an auxiliary doctor. He came back to Constantinople in 1845.^[4]

Whilst back in Turkey, he became a doctor in the Artillery Hospital, and then, beginning in 1848, a professor at the Imperial Medical School. He initially taught hygiene, and later pathology. There he advocated for French as a medium of instruction.^[4] He held meetings of the Greek Literary Society, created in 1861, at his house.^[5]

His son, Alexandros Mavrogenis, was a diplomat.^[1] George Anogianakis, author of "Reflections of Western Thinking on Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Thought: A Critique of the 'Hard-Problem' by Spyridon Mavrogenis, a Nineteenth Century Physiologist," wrote that the fact his son had such a coveted job "is indicative of Mavrogenis' influence".^[6] When his relationship with Abdul Hamid deteriorated, his son lost his envoy job.^[1]

Works

• "The Life of Constantine Caratheodory" (Βίος Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή). Gauthier-Villars (Paris), 1885.
  • Mavrogenis was a friend of Caratheodory,^[3] who was a founder and member of the literary society, and the biography was issued for a 7 January 1880 celebration.^[5] As the Ottoman authorities censored works published domestically, this biography was published abroad. Caratheodory's older son asked Mavrogenis to add two narrations, one about a presentation by Caratheodory at the Medical Academy of Paris and one about an account of Mahmud II's death deriving from a pamphlet edited by Caratheodory. Mavrogenis edited the biography five years after the initial publication.^[3]

He also wrote an entry in "Treatises of Physiology".^[7]

Honours

In the title page of his monograph on Constantin Carathéodory, his titles are stated:

• Senator
• Order of Osmaniye, 1st class
• Order of Medjidie, 1st class,
• Knight of the Order of Distinction
• Grand Cross of the Austro-Hungarian Order of the Iron Crown
• Grand Cross of the Swedish Order of Vasa
• Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun, 1st class
• Commander of the Belgian Order of Leopold

Notes

References

Sources

• Anogianakis, George. "Reflections of Western Thinking on Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Thought: A Critique of the 'Hard-Problem' by Spyridon Mavrogenis, a Nineteenth Century Physiologist" (Chapter 6). In: Smith, C.U.M. (Aston University) and Harry Whitaker (Northern Michigan University) (editors). Brain, Mind and Consciousness in the History of Neuroscience. Springer Science and Business, 23 April 2014., 9789401787741.
• Trompoukis . Constantinos . Lascaratos. John . 2003. Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76) . Journal of Medical Biography. 11. 4. 226–231 . 10.1177/096777200301100411. 14562157 . 11201905 . - First published November 1, 2003.

Further reading

• Günergun, Feza. Spiridon Mavroyéni Pacha (1817-1902) et sa contribution à la diffusion des sciences médicales dans l'Empire Ottoman. Osmanli Bilimi Araştirmalari ("Studies in Ottoman Science"). 2004. 6. 1. 37–63. fr. - Available at Academia.edu

External links

• Βίος Κωνσταντίνου του Καραθεοδωρή : Ψηφίσματι του εν Κωνσταντινουπόλει Ελληνικού Φιλολογικού Συλλόγου / συνταγείς και εκφωνηθείς παρ' αυτού εν Συνεδριάσει του εν Κ. Π. Ελλ. Φιλολογικού Συλλόγου υπό Σπυρίδωνος του Μαυρογένους ___. (Biography of Constantine Caratheodory)

Notes and References

1. Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989 (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011., 9781443832601. Start: p. 100. CITED: 102.
2. Tarih ve toplum: aylık ansiklopedik dergi, Issues 25-36. İletişim Yayınları, 1986. p. 44. "Ispiro Mavroyani (Spiridon Mavrogenis) [...]" Seen in these Google Books search results
3. Trompoukis . Constantinos . Lascaratos. John . January 2001 . The professor Constantinos Caratheodory (1802-1879) - His biography by Spyridon Mavrogeni Pasha. . Yeni Tıp Tarihi Araştırmaları = the New History of Medicine Studies . 7 . 27–33 . - Cited: p. 28.
4. Trompoukis and Lascaratos, "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)," p. 228.
5. Constantinos . Trompoukis . Lascaratos. John . January 2001 . The professor Constantinos Caratheodory (1802-1879) - His biography by Spyridon Mavrogeni Pasha. . Yeni Tıp Tarihi Araştırmaları = the New History of Medicine Studies . 7 . 27–33 . - Cited: p. 27.
6. Anogianakis, p. 96.
7. Anogianakis, p. 93.