| South Africa | |
| Nickname: | Springboks Springbokke Bokke Amabhokobhoko Bokmasjien |
| Badge: | South Africa national rugby union team.svg |
| Badge Size: | 205px |
| Emblem: | Springbok |
| Union: | SA Rugby |
| Coach: | Rassie Erasmus |
| Captain: | Siya Kolisi |
| Most Caps: | Victor Matfield (127) |
| Top Scorer: | Percy Montgomery (893) |
| Top Try Scorer: | Bryan Habana (67) |
| Home Stadium: | Various |
| Pattern La1: | _sa23h |
| Pattern B1: | _sa23h |
| Pattern Ra1: | _sa23h |
| Pattern So1: | _Springboksocks19 |
| Leftarm1: | 006400 |
| Body1: | 006400 |
| Rightarm1: | 006400 |
| Shorts1: | FFFFFF |
| Socks1: | 1b3838 |
| Pattern La2: | _whiteborder |
| Pattern B2: | _southafrica rugby23a |
| Pattern Ra2: | _whiteborder |
| Pattern So2: | _sky_blue_on_top |
| Leftarm2: | 44E4F3 |
| Body2: | FFFFFF |
| Rightarm2: | 44E4F3 |
| Shorts2: | 44E4F3 |
| Socks2: | FFFFFF |
| Pattern La3: | _skylines |
| Pattern B3: | _skycollar |
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| Pattern So3: | _sky_blue_on_top |
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| Rightarm3: | FFFFFF |
| Shorts3: | 44E4F3 |
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| World Rugby Rank: | 1 |
| World Rugby Rank Date: | 16 October 2023 |
| World Rugby Max: | 1 |
| World Rugby Max Year: | 2007–2008; 2009, 2019–2021, 2022, 2023–ongoing |
| World Rugby Min: | 7 |
| World Rugby Min Year: | 2017; 2018 |
| First Game: | South Africa 0–4 British Isles (Cape Town, South Africa; 30 July 1891) |
| Largest Win: | South Africa 134–3 (East London, South Africa; 11 June 2005) |
| Largest Loss: | 57–0 South Africa (Auckland, New Zealand; 16 September 2017) |
| World Cup Apps: | 8 |
| World Cup First: | 1995 |
| World Cup Best: | Champions (1995, 2007, 2019, 2023) |
| Rugby Championship Apps: | 27 |
| Rugby Championship Best: | Champions (1998, 2004, 2009, 2019) |
The South Africa national rugby union team, commonly known as the Springboks (colloquially the Boks, Bokke or Amabhokobhoko),[1] is the country's national team governed by the South African Rugby Union. The Springboks play in green and gold jerseys with white shorts, and their emblem is the Springbok, a native antelope and the national animal of South Africa. The team has represented South African Rugby Union in international rugby union since 30 July 1891, when they played their first test match against a British Isles touring team. Currently, the Springboks are the top-ranked rugby team in the world and reigning World Champions, having won the World Cup a record four times (1995, 2007, 2019 and 2023). South Africa have won half of the Rugby World Cups they have participated in and are also the second nation to win the World Cup consecutively (2019 and 2023).
The team made its World Cup debut in 1995, when the newly democratic South Africa hosted the tournament. Although South Africa was instrumental in creating the Rugby World Cup competition, the Springboks could not compete in the first two World Cups in 1987 and 1991 due to international anti-apartheid sporting boycotts. The Springboks' victory over the All Blacks 15–12 in the 1995 final is remembered as one of the greatest moments in South Africa's sporting history, and a watershed moment in the post-apartheid nation-building process. This cast a new light on South Africa, where people of all colour united as one nation to watch their team play.
South Africa regained the world champions title 12 years later by defeating England 15–6 in the 2007 final. Following their 2007 World Cup victory, the Springboks ascended to first place in the IRB World Rankings, a position they held until July of the following year when New Zealand reclaimed the top spot. The team was named 2008 World Team of the Year at the Laureus World Sports Awards.[2] South Africa then won their third World Cup title, defeating England 32–12 in the 2019 final, and were named 2020 World Team of the Year at the Laureus World Sports Awards for the second time. They retained their world champions title in 2023.
The Springboks also compete in the annual Rugby Championship (formerly the Tri-Nations), along with their Southern Hemisphere counterparts Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. They have won the Championship four times in 24 competitions and are the only team to have won a version of the competition and the Rugby World Cup in the same year.
Rugby union is a highly popular sport in South Africa, often attracting the country's most talented athletes. For nearly a century, South Africans have rallied behind the Springboks, the team's success has transcended the sport, becoming a symbol of national pride recognized even by those who don't follow rugby. Sixteen former Springboks and influential South Africans have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame. The Springboks are also the only team to have won half of the World Cups they have competed in.
Many teams have suffered their biggest record defeats to the Springboks, including Australia, Italy, Scotland, Uruguay, Wales and New Zealand.
See main article: History of the South Africa national rugby union team.
The first British Isles tour took place in 1891, at Diocesan College.[3] These were the first representative games played by South African sides. The tourists won all twenty matches they played, conceding only one point.[4] [5] The British Isles' success continued on their tour of 1896, winning three out of four tests against South Africa. South Africa's play greatly improved from 1891, and their first test win in the final game was a pointer to the future.[6] [7] In 1903 the British Isles lost a series for the first time in South Africa, drawing the opening two tests before losing the last 8–0.[8] [9] Rugby was given a huge boost by the early Lions tours, which created great interest in the South African press.[10] South Africa would not lose another series—home or away—until 1956.[11]
The first South African team to tour the British Isles and France occurred during 1906–07. The team played tests against all four Home Nations. England managed a draw, but Scotland was the only one of the Home unions to gain a victory.[12] The trip instilled a sense of national pride among South Africans.[11] [13] The South Africans played an unofficial match against a 'France' team while the official French team were in England; the Springboks won 55–6.[14] [15] It was during this tour that the nickname Springboks was first used.[16] [17] [18]
The 1910 British Isles tour of South Africa was the first to include representatives from all four Home unions. The tourists won just one of their three tests.[19] The Boks' second European tour took place in 1912–13. They beat the four Home nations to earn their first Grand Slam, and also defeated France.[11] [20]
By the first World War, New Zealand and South Africa had established themselves as rugby's two greatest powers.[21] [22] A Springbok tour to New Zealand and Australia in 1921 was billed as "The World Championship of Rugby".[23] The All Blacks won the first Test 13–5,[24] The Springboks recovered to win the second Test 9–5,[24] and the final Test was drawn 0–0, resulting in a series draw.[25]
The 1924 British Lions team lost three of the four Tests to the Springboks, drawing the other.[26] [27] This was the first side to pick up the name Lions, apparently picked up from the Lions embroidered on their ties.[28] [29] The All Blacks first toured South Africa in 1928, and again the Test series finished level. The Springboks won the first Test 17–0 to inflict the All Blacks' heaviest defeat since 1893.[30] [31] The All Blacks rebounded to win the second Test 7–6. After a Springbok win in the third Test, the All Blacks won 13–5 to draw the series.[32]
Despite winning South Africa's second Grand Slam, the Springbok tourists of 1931–32 were an unloved team, due to their tactics of kicking for territory.[33] [34] It was successful however, winning against England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as defeating all their Welsh opponents for the first time.[35]
In 1933, Australia toured South Africa, with the Springboks winning the series 3–2.
In 1937 South Africa toured New Zealand and Australia and their 2–1 series win prompted them to be called "the best team to ever leave New Zealand".[36] [37]
The British Isles toured South Africa again in 1938, winning the majority of their tour matches. The Springboks secured easy victories in the first two tests. However, the Lions bounced back to record a win in the third test, for the first Lions win on South Africa soil since 1910.[38]
Danie Craven was appointed coach in 1949, and started his coaching career winning ten matches in a row, including a 4–0 whitewash of New Zealand on their 1949 tour to South Africa.[39]
The 1951–52 team that toured Europe was considered amongst the finest Springbok sides to tour.[20] The team won the Grand Slam as well as defeating France. Hennie Muller captained the side. The South African highlight of the tour was a 44–0 defeat of Scotland.[33] [40] The team finished with only one loss, to London Counties, from 31 matches.[41]
In 1953, Australia toured South Africa for the second time and although they lost the series, they defeated South Africa 18–14 in the second test. The 1955 British Lions tour to South Africa four-test series ended in a draw.
In 1956, Springboks toured Australasia the All Blacks won its first series over the Springboks, in "the most bitterly fought series in history."[42]
When France toured South Africa in 1958 they were not expected to compete.[43] France exceeded expectations and drew 3–3.[44] The French then secured a Test series victory with a 9–5 victory.[45]
In 1960, international criticism of apartheid grew in the wake of The Wind of Change speech and the Sharpeville massacre.[46] The Springboks increasingly became the target of international protest. The All Blacks toured South Africa in 1960, despite a 150,000 signature petition opposing it.[47] The Springboks avenged their 1956 series defeat by winning the four-match test series 2–1 with one draw.[48] that same year the Springboks toured Europe, and they defeated all four Home unions for their fourth Grand Slam.
The 1962 British Lions tour to South Africa lost three of the four tests, drawing the other. In 1963 the touring Wallabies beat the Springboks in consecutive tests, the first team to do so since the 1896 British team.[49] In 1964, in Wales' first overseas tour they played one test match against South Africa, losing 3–24, their biggest defeat in 40 years.[50] [51] [52]
South Africa had a poor year in 1965, losing matches in a tour of Ireland and Scotland, and in a tour of Australia and New Zealand.
The planned 1967 tour by the All Blacks was cancelled by the New Zealand Rugby Football Union after the South African government refused to allow Maori players.[53] In 1968 the Lions toured and lost three Tests and drew one.
Next year in the 1969–70 Springbok tour to the UK and Ireland the Springboks lost test matches against England and Scotland, and drew against Ireland and Wales. Throughout the tour however, large anti-apartheid demonstrations meant that several matches had to be played behind barbed wire fences.
In 1970 the All Blacks toured South Africa once again—after the South African government agreed to treat Maoris in the team and Maori spectators as 'honorary whites'.[54] [55] The Springboks won the test series 3–1.
In the Springbok tour of Australia in 1971, the Springboks won all three tests. As in Britain three years before, however, massive anti-apartheid demonstrations greeted the team, and they had to be transported by the Royal Australian Air Force after the trade unions refused to service planes or trains transporting them.[56] A planned tour of New Zealand for 1973 was blocked by New Zealand Prime Minister Norman Kirk on the grounds of public safety.[57]
The Lions team that toured South Africa in 1974 triumphed 3–0 (with one drawn) in the test series. A key feature was the Lions' infamous '99 call'. Lions management had decided that the Springboks dominated their opponents with physical aggression, so decided "to get their retaliation in first". At the call of '99' each Lions player would attack their nearest rival player. The "battle of Boet Erasmus Stadium" was one of the most violent matches in rugby history.[58]
The 1976 All Blacks tour of South Africa went ahead, and the Springboks won by three Tests to one, but coming shortly after the Soweto riots the tour attracted international condemnation. Twenty-eight countries boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics in protest, and in 1977 the Gleneagles Agreement discouraged any Commonwealth sporting contact with South Africa. In response to the growing pressure, the segregated South African rugby unions merged in 1977. A planned 1979 Springbok tour of France was blocked by the French government.
The Lions toured South Africa in 1980, losing the first three tests before winning the last one.
The 1981 Springbok tour of New Zealand went ahead in defiance of the Gleneagles Agreement. South Africa lost the series 1–2. The tour and the massive civil disruption in New Zealand had ramifications far beyond rugby. In 1981, Errol Tobias became the first non-white South African to represent his country when he took the field against Ireland.[59] South Africa sought to counteract its sporting isolation by inviting the South American Jaguars to tour. The team contained mainly Argentinian players. Eight matches were played between the two teams in the early 1980s—all awarded Test status. In 1984, England toured losing both test matches; of the players selected, only Ralph Knibbs of Bristol refused to tour for political reasons.
Due to the isolation from apartheid, from 1985 to 1991, South Africa did not play a single test match against an established country, although South Africa did play some matches against makeshift teams.[60] In 1985, a planned All Black tour of South Africa was stopped by the New Zealand High Court. A rebel tour took place the next year by a team known as the Cavaliers, which consisted of all but two of the original squad.[61] The Springboks won the series 3–1. In 1989, a World XV sanctioned by the International Rugby Board went on a mini-tour of South Africa; all traditional rugby nations bar New Zealand supplied players to the team.South Africa was not permitted by the International Rugby Board to compete in the inaugural 1987 Rugby World Cup, nor in the following 1991 Rugby World Cup.
Apartheid was abolished during 1990–91, and the Springboks were readmitted to international rugby in 1992. They struggled to return to their pre-isolation standards in their first games after readmission. During the 1992 All Blacks tour, the first to South Africa since 1976, the Springboks were defeated 24–27 by New Zealand, and suffered a 3–26 loss to Australia the following month.
South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with a surge of support for the Springboks among the white and black communities behind the slogan "one team, one country."[62] This was the first major international sports event to be held in the Rainbow Nation. By the time they hosted the 1995 World Cup, the Springboks, coached by Kitch Christie, were seeded ninth. They won their pool by defeating Australia, Romania, and Canada. Wins in the quarter-final against Western Samoa (42–14) and in the semi-final against France (19–15) sent the Springboks to the final.South Africa won the 1995 Rugby World Cup Final against the All Blacks 15–12 in extra-time.[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] President Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok shirt, presented the trophy to captain Francois Pienaar, a white Afrikaner. The gesture was widely seen as a major step towards the reconciliation of white and black South Africans.[68]
A series of crises followed in 1995 through 1997. Christie resigned in 1996 due to leukaemia. South Africa struggled in the new Tri-Nations competition, the All Blacks won a test series in South Africa for the first time in 1996,[69] and the Lions won their 1997 South African tour test series two games to one. Coach Andre Markgraaff was fired in 1997 due to a racist comment he made.[70] The team suffered successive defeats in the Lions 1997 tour and the 1997 Tri Nations Series.
In 1997, coach Nick Mallett coached South Africa's unbeaten 1997 tour of Europe, and in 1998 the Boks tied the then-existing record for longest test winning streak, winning 17 consecutive tests, including the 1998 Tri-Nations.[71] At the 1999 Rugby World Cup the Springboks reached the semi-finals of the competition, where they lost to eventual champions .[72]
During the 2002 and 2003 seasons, the Springboks lost by record margins to England (3–53), France, Scotland and New Zealand.[73] [74] At the 2003 Rugby World Cup, they were eliminated in the quarter-final round – their worst showing to date.
Following wins during the June 2004 tours, the Boks won the 2004 Tri Nations Series. The Springboks won the 2004 IRB International Team of the Year award. The Springboks finished second in the 2005 Tri-Nations.
The 2006 Springboks lost to France, ending their long undefeated home record. A poor 2006 Tri Nations Series included two losses to the Wallabies. Coach Jake White told the press in July 2006 that he had been unable to pick some white players for his squad "because of transformation"—a reference to the ANC government's policies to redress racial imbalances in sport.[75]
At the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, the Springboks won their pool. The Springboks then defeated Fiji 37–20 in the quarter-finals, and Argentina 37–13 in the semi-finals. In the final they prevailed 15–6 over England to lift the Webb Ellis Cup for a second time.
In January 2008, Peter de Villiers was appointed as the first non-white coach of the Springboks. De Villiers's first squad included ten of colour. The team finishes last in the Tri Nations, but notched several wins during their 2008 end of year tour.
The 2009 season was more successful. The Boks earned a 2–1 series win over the Lions, and then won the 2009 Tri Nations Series. However, during the November tests they lost their top spot in the IRB rankings with losses to France and Ireland. Nonetheless, the Boks were named IRB International Team of the Year.
The Boks' June 2010 test campaign included a win over France (their first victory over the French since 2005).[76] However, the Boks performed poorly in the 2010 Tri Nations campaign, sliding to third in the world rankings.[77] In the 2011 Tri Nations the Boks rested a number of players in preparation for the upcoming World Cup. At the 2011 Rugby World Cup, the Springboks topped their group before falling to Australia 9–11 in the quarter-finals.
Following the sacking of Allister Coetzee in February 2018, Rassie Erasmus was named head coach of the national team, alongside his duties as Director of Rugby at SA Rugby, on 1 March 2018 and immediately decided to appoint Siya Kolisi as the new Springbok captain, a landmark decision.[78]
In his first match in charge, Erasmus awarded thirteen new players their first test cap, in a one-off match in Washington, D.C. in a 22–20 loss to Wales. A week later, he secured his first win, a 42–39 victory over England, during their three-test series. The series title was clinched in the second test, with the Springboks winning 23–12, to secure a series victory. However, South Africa were unable to gain the clean-sweep, after losing the third test, 25–10. During the 2018 Rugby Championship, Erasmus led the Springboks to second, their best placing since 2014. The 2018 Championship saw South Africa win three games, including a thrilling 36–34 victory over New Zealand in Wellington, South Africa's first win in New Zealand since 2009. Erasmus later revealed that had the Springboks lost that match, he would have resigned:
"We [had recently] lost to Australia and Argentina, and if we didn't win in Wellington I would have resigned... I have never lost three games in a row as a coach and if I did that I don't deserve to be a Springbok coach. We played New Zealand in Wellington and that was important, as if we lost it I wouldn't be here."[79]South Africa came within moments of reclaiming the Freedom Cup in the final round, but an All Black try in the dying moments of the game helped New Zealand snatch victory in 32–30 win in Pretoria and retain the cup.
The Springboks won the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan after defeating England 32–12 in the final. It was the first time that a Black South African rugby captain got to lift the Webb Ellis Cup, as well as the first time that a team won a final with a defeat in pool stages, the captain being Siya Kolisi who presented South African president Cyril Ramaphosa the number 6 jersey to commemorate Nelson Mandela, who wore the same numbered jersey during the 1995 Rugby World Cup.
The final match between South Africa and England served as a rematch between the two in reference to the 2007 Rugby World Cup final. This marks the third time South Africa has won the World Cup which ties the team with the All Blacks for most Rugby World Cup wins.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Springboks, were affected by the cancellation and postponement of several matches, as well as concerns over player welfare and safety. However, the Springboks were able to continue playing international rugby through strict COVID-19 protocols.
In August 2020, South Africa withdrew from the Rugby Championship due to concerns over player welfare and COVID-19 restrictions. The tournament proceeded without the Springboks, who were the defending champions.
In July 2021, South Africa made their return to international rugby after a year-long absence due to the pandemic.
The Springboks faced a tough pool that included the likes of Ireland and Scotland. They suffered a narrow defeat to Ireland. However, they bounced back with convincing victories in the remaining pool matches.
The Bomb Squad: The Springboks' dominance in the scrums became a defining feature of their knock-out stage success. The introduction of the "Bomb Squad" – a group of fresh front-row substitutes – in the later stages of matches proved to be a game-changer.
Throughout the tournament, the Springboks displayed a resolute defensive performance. They conceded the fewest penalties of any team and their tackling technique was exceptional. This defensive solidity provided a crucial foundation for their success.
The Springboks secured three dramatic 1-point victories during the 2023 Rugby World Cup:
Quarter Final vs France: In a nail-biting encounter against the host nation, the Springboks fought tenaciously throughout the match. The score remained close, but their determination paid off as they emerged victorious with a final score of 29–28.
Semi Final vs England: Another tense affair, this game tested the Springboks' grit. They battled fiercely against England, with the score seesawing throughout. Displaying nerves of steel, the Springboks clinched the win with a last-minute penalty, ending the game at 16–15.
Final vs New Zealand: A thrilling 80 minutes that kept fans on the edge of their seats. The All Blacks were reduced to 14 men in the first half after captain Sam Cane was sent off for a dangerous tackle. Despite their numerical advantage, the Springboks faced strong defense from New Zealand. However, they managed to secure a narrow victory, with the final score at 12–11.
The 2023 Springboks were a team that embodied the spirit of unity. Their diverse squad, with players from various backgrounds and cultures, came together under the banner of "Together in One Nation, One Team."
The Springboks were crowned Rugby World Cup champions for the fourth time, making them the first nation to win 4 titles and their second in a row. Having only played 8 tournaments, this has given South Africa a 50% win rate at World Cups.
Paul Roos's team first introduced the Springbok emblem during their 1906–07 tour of Britain to prevent the British press from inventing their own name for the team. At that time, the emblem promoted unity among white English and Afrikaans-speaking players following the two Anglo-Boer Wars of the late 19th century.[80] Although the Springbok was briefly adopted by the first colored national rugby team in 1939 and by their first black counterparts in 1950, it soon became exclusively associated with segregated sporting codes.
From 1906 onwards, South African rugby officials and the national team were historically linked with racism. The Springbok emblem symbolized the exclusion of non-white players under apartheid, representing apartheid itself.[81] Initially, the first Springboks refused to play against a Devon side that included Jimmy Peters, the first black player to represent England.[82] Notable figures like Danie Craven, a legendary official, national coach, and Springbok scrumhalf, reluctantly complied with government demands to have Māori players excluded from the visiting All Black teams.[83] Craven also asserted that the Springbok was intrinsically tied to the white identity of the national rugby team.
Since the end of apartheid, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) has sought to replace the Springbok emblem with a neutral symbol representing a break from the past, the King Protea, South Africa's national flower, was chosen for this purpose, leading to the national cricket team being named the Proteas for example. A similar change was envisioned for the national rugby team. Consequently, from 1992, the national rugby team jersey featured a King Protea alongside the Springbok.
As portrayed in the film Invictus, pressure to replace the Springbok emblem intensified in 1994, just before the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa. However, Nelson Mandela, a devoted fan of the Springbok rugby team, intervened, leading the ANC's executive to reappropriate the emblem instead of abolishing it. After the national team won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, black rugby pioneer Dan Qeqe stated, "The Springboks play for all of us."
In March 2004, the South African Sports Commission ratified a decision for the Protea to be the official rugby emblem on blazers and caps, allowing the Springbok to remain on the team jersey and the traditional Springbok colours.[84] In November 2007, the ANC's special conference in Polokwane reiterated the need for a single symbol for all sporting codes. Critics like Qondisa Ngwenya predicted a loss of revenue from abandoning the Springbok emblem, while others like Cheeky Watson advocated for an alternative, unifying symbol.[85]
Furthermore, South African Rugby (SARU) has not made any official moves to change the emblem. Instead, efforts have been made to ensure that the emblem represents unity and inclusivity.
See also: Springbok colours. South Africa plays in green jerseys with a gold collar and trim, white shorts and green socks. The jersey is embroidered with the SA Rugby logo on the wearer's left chest and the springbok logo on the right chest.
The first shirt worn by South Africa was navy blue during their Tests against the British Isles on the Lions tour of 1891.[86]
The green jersey was first adopted when the British Isles toured South Africa in 1903. After playing the first two Tests in white shirts, South Africa wore a green jersey (supplied by the Diocesan College rugby team) for the first time in their final Test at Newlands.[87]
On their first tour to Great Britain and Ireland in 1906–07 South Africa wore a green jersey with a white collar, blue shorts, and blue socks, taken from the Diocesan College.
When Australia first toured South Africa in 1933, the visitors wore sky blue jerseys to avoid confusion, as both teams wore dark green jerseys at the time. In 1953, when Australia toured again, the Springboks wore white jerseys for the test matches. In 1961, Australia changed their jersey to gold to avoid further colour clashes.[88]
Traditionally, South Africa's away uniform consisted of a white shirt, usually with a gold collar, black shorts, and socks, as seen in the 1981 Test against Ireland.
During the match against England at Twickenham in 2002, South Africa became the first team to sport player names on the back of the jerseys.[89] [90] [91]
In 2006, against Ireland in Dublin, a replica of the first jersey was worn to mark the centenary of the Springbok rugby team.[92] In December 2008, the SARU decided to place the protea on the left side of the Boks' jersey, in line with other South African national teams, and move the springbok to the right side of the jersey.[93] The was worn for the first time during the British & Irish Lions' 2009 tour of South Africa.[94]
For the 2015 Rugby World Cup, the springbok was moved from the front of the jersey to the right sleeve while the Protea remained on the front. This change was due to World Cup regulations stating that only the IRB logo and the main team logo could appear on the front of the shirt. Several South African rugby fans voiced their disappointment and anger at the reveal of the 2015 shirt due to the springbok not being on the front of the shirt.[95]
In 2017, the Springboks wore a red change jersey in Argentina as part of an Asics promotion where the Springboks and Blitzboks wore jerseys in all the colours of the South African flag during the course of the season—the main side wore green, white, and red shirts, while the sevens team sported gold, blue and black uniforms.
American company Nike is the kit provider for all the South Africa rugby teams from July 2023, through a six-year contract signed with the SARU.[96] South Africa's shirt sponsor is local mobile phone provider MTN Group. Additional uniform sponsors are FNB on the back above the numbers, and Betway, FlySafair, Dell, and Switch Energy Drink rotating on the rear hems of the shorts.
| Period | Kit manufacturer | Shirt sponsor |
|---|---|---|
| 1970–1991 | Maxmore | none* |
| 1992–1996 | Cotton Traders | Lion Lager |
| 1996–1999 | Nike | No shirt sponsor |
| 2000–2003 | Castle Lager | |
| 2004 mid-year internationals | None | |
| 2004 Tri-Nations | Canterbury | |
| December 2004 – 2010 | SASOL | |
| 2011–2013 | Absa | |
| 2014–2015 | Asics | |
| 2016 mid-year internationals | Blue Label Telecoms | |
| 2017–2023 | MTN Group | |
| 2023–present |
* In a 2001 autumn international against France in Saint-Denis, the logo on their kit was replaced by Charles (which is an allusion to Charles Glass, the founder of Castle Brewery) because of the Evin law, which prohibits alcohol companies from advertising during sports events in France.
The Springboks do not use a single stadium as their home, but they play out of a number of venues throughout South Africa.
The first South African international took place in 1891 at Port Elizabeth's Crusader Grounds. The playing field, which is shared with the Port Elizabeth Cricket Club, is also known as St George's Park Cricket Ground.[98]
| Venue | City | Capacity | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ellis Park Stadium | Johannesburg | 62,500 | |
| Loftus Versfeld Stadium | Pretoria | 51,700 | |
| Kings Park Stadium | Durban | 52,000 | |
| Free State Stadium | Bloemfontein | 46,000 | |
| Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium | Gqeberha | 46,000 | |
| Cape Town Stadium | Cape Town | 55,000 |
The 60,000 seat Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg was the main venue for the 1995 World Cup,[99] where the Springboks defeated the All Blacks in the final. Ellis Park was built in 1928, and in 1955 hosted a record 100,000 people in a Test between South Africa and the British & Irish Lions.[99]
The Springboks are said to have a notable advantage over touring sides when playing at high altitude on the Highveld.[100] Games at Ellis Park, Loftus Versfeld, or Vodacom Park are said to present physical problems,[101] [102] and to influence a match in a number of other ways, such as the ball travelling further when kicked.[103] Experts disagree on whether touring team's traditionally poor performances at altitude are more due to a state of mind rather than an actual physical challenge.[102]
See also: List of stadiums in South Africa.
| Venue | City | Capacity | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FNB Stadium | Johannesburg | 94,700 | |
| Newlands Stadium (**Retired) | Cape Town | 51,900 | |
| Boet Erasmus Stadium (**Retired) | Port Elizabeth | 33,852 | |
| Mbombela Stadium | Nelspruit | 43,500[104] | |
| Buffalo City Stadium | East London | 16,000 | |
| Royal Bafokeng Sports Palace | Phokeng | 44,500 | |
| Puma Stadium | eMalahleni | 20,000 |
The Springboks played their first test match at FNB Stadium also known as Soccer City Stadium on 21 August 2010, a Tri Nations match against New Zealand.[105]
South Africa's most capped player is Victor Matfield with 127 caps. The Lock played his last test match on the 30th of October 2015 against Argentina. [106] The most-capped back is Bryan Habana. Percy Montgomery holds the South African record for Test points with 893, which at the time of his international retirement placed him sixth on the all-time list of Test point scorers (he now stands twelfth).[107]
John Smit was the world's most-capped captain, having captained South Africa in 83 of his 111 Tests, but has since been overtaken.[108] [109] Smit also played a record 46 consecutive matches for South Africa.
The record try scorer is Bryan Habana with 67 tries.(as of 14 February 2018)[110]
As of 8 October 2019, Cobus Reinach scored the earliest hat-trick in World Cup history.
The South African Springboks' longest winning streak is 17 consecutive Test victories, which they achieved between August 1997 and December 1998. This record was set under coach Nick Mallett and captain Gary Teichmann, and during this time the Springboks scored more than 50 points five times and beat Wales 96-13. They also defeated France, Australia, England, Ireland, New Zealand, and Scotland on multiple occasions.[111]
World Rugby Ranking Leaders
South Africa is one of the most successful rugby union teams in history. When the ranking system was first introduced in October 2003, South Africa were ranked sixth. Their ranking fluctuated until their victory in the 2007 Rugby World Cup briefly sent them to the summit of the rankings.
Overall, the South African Springboks and the New Zealand All Blacks have held the number 1 ranking in the world rankings since its introduction in October 2003 for just over 93% of the time (with the New Zealand All Blacks holding the top spot for just over 80% of the time and the South African Springboks holding the top spot for just over 13% of that time). The remaining time at the top of the world rankings are shared between the leading Northern Hemisphere teams, England (the only Northern Hemisphere team to win a World Cup title in 2003), Wales, France and Ireland.
The South African Springboks are the only team to have won the Rugby World Cup a record breaking four times, having won it in: 1995, 2007, 2019 and 2023.[112] The New Zealand All Blacks have won the title in 1987, 2011 and 2015. South African Springboks currently have an overall winning % against all nations (including the British and Irish Lions) except for the New Zealand All Blacks.
The Springboks only yearly tournament is The Rugby Championship (formerly Tri-Nations), involving Australia and New Zealand since 1996, with Argentina joining the competition in 2012. The Springboks have won the tournament four times (1998, 2004, 2009, 2019). South Africa also participates in the Mandela Challenge Plate with Australia, and the Freedom Cup with New Zealand as part of the Rugby Championship.
See main article: South Africa at the Rugby World Cup.
The Springboks did not participate in the 1987 and 1991 World Cups because of the sporting boycott that apartheid brought against them.
South Africa's introduction to the event was as hosts. They defeated the defending Champions Australia 27–18 in the opening match, and went on to defeat the All Blacks 15–12 after extra time in the 1995 Rugby World Cup Final, with a drop goal from 40 metres by Joel Stransky.[113]
In 1999 South Africa experienced their first World Cup loss when they were defeated 21–27 by Australia in their semi-final, they went on to defeat the All Blacks 22–18 in the Third-Fourth play-off match.[114]
The worst ever South African performance at a World Cup was in 2003 when they lost a pool game to England, and then were knocked out of the tournament by the All Blacks in their quarter-final.[115]
In 2007 the Springboks defeated Fiji in the quarter-finals and Argentina in the semi-finals. They then defeated England in the Grand Final 15–6 to win the tournament for a second time.
In 2011 the Springboks were defeated by Australia 9–11 in the quarter-finals after winning all four of their pool games.
In the 2015 World Cup, South Africa suffered a 32–34 loss to Japan in their first pool match on 19 September, and it has been regarded as one of the biggest upsets in Rugby Union history. They made it to the semi-finals but were eventually defeated by the All Blacks 20–18.
In the 2019 RWC, the Springboks lost their first pool match against the All Blacks 23–13, and won the rest of their pool matches to advance to the quarter-finals, where they beat Japan 26–3, beat Wales 19–16 in the semi-finals and beat England 32–12 in the Grand Final to be crowned World Champions. South Africa became the 2nd country ever to win the Rugby World Cup 3 times.
The Springboks won the 2023 Rugby World Cup, defeating New Zealand 12-11 in the final at the Stade de France in Paris on October 28, 2023. It was South Africa's fourth Rugby World Cup title, and their second consecutive, having also won in 2019.
Traditionally, most of the Test Matches against other countries happened during Tours/Series. The first team to visit South Africa were the British Lions in 1891 and the first Springbok overseas tour was arranged in 1906–07 to Europe.
| Teams | Series Played | Won | Lost | Drawn | Years/WP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1984; (1994); (2000); (2006); 2007; 2012; 2018 | ||
| 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1964 | ||
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2003 | ||
| 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1981 | ||
| 13 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1958 | ||
| British Lions | 14 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1891 | |
| 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1933; 1937; 1953; 1956; 1961; (1963); 1965; 1969; 1971; 1993 | ||
| 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1993; 1994; 1996; 2000; 2002; 2003 | ||
| 12 | 5 | 5 | 2 | (1921); (1928); 1937; 1949; 1956; 1960; 1965; 1970; 1976; 1981; 1994; 1996 | ||
| New Zealand Cavaliers | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1986 | |
| South American Jaguars | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1980;1980;(1982);1984 | |
| Overall | 80 | 56 | 13 | 11 | 76.25% |
See also: List of South Africa rugby union test matches.
Below is the Test Matches played by South Africa up until 17 August 2024. Only fixtures recognised as Test Matches by the South African Rugby Union are listed.[116]
| Opponent | Played | Won | Lost | Drawn | Win% | For | Aga | Diff | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32 | 3 | 1 | % | 1,239 | 691 | +548 | |||
| 52 | 40 | 3 | % | 1,923 | 1,672 | +251 | |||
| 25 | 18 | 6 | 51.02% | 636 | 554 | +82 | |||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 137 | 25 | +112 | ||
| 28 | 16 | 2 | % | 988 | 784 | +204 | |||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 129 | 41 | +88 | ||
| 28 | 12 | 6 | 60.87% | 994 | 720 | +274 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 86 | 28 | +58 | ||
| 19 | 10 | 1 | % | 581 | 457 | +124 | |||
| 15 | 1 | 0 | 93.75% | 764 | 195 | +569 | |||
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 66.67% | 99 | 44 | +55 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 249 | 16 | +233 | ||
| 40 | 62 | 4 | 37.74% | 1,740 | 2,196 | -456 | |||
| 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 75.00% | 96 | 62 | +34 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 38 | 24 | +14 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 64 | 21 | +43 | ||
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 97 | 8 | +89 | ||
| 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 431 | 99 | +332 | ||
| 24 | 5 | 0 | % | 760 | 324 | +436 | |||
| 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 87.50% | 210 | 114 | +96 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 47 | 3 | +44 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 153 | 53 | +100 | ||
| 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 209 | 42 | +167 | ||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 245 | 12 | +233 | ||
| 34 | 7 | 1 | % | 1,112 | 671 | +441 | |||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100.00% | 87 | 59 | +28 | ||
| Total | 548 | 347 | 177 | 24 | % | 13,114 | 8,915 | +4,199 |
± The Cavaliers was the name given to an unofficial (rebel) New Zealand team that toured South Africa in 1986. The New Zealand Rugby Union did not sanction the team and do not recognise the side as a New Zealand representative team.
The Springboks' main rivals are the New Zealand National Rugby Union Team, known as the All Blacks. The two nations have a long history of competing against each other on the rugby field, with matches dating back over a century. Over time, the rivalry has become a defining feature of both nations' rugby cultures, with fans and players alike eagerly anticipating each new encounter. The only side the Springboks have a losing record to is the All Blacks with all other teams being over a 50 percent winning record.
The rivalry between South African rugby and New Zealand rugby is characterized by a number of factors. Firstly, the two nations have a history of producing some of the best rugby players in the world, and their teams are known for their skill, physicality, and intensity. Secondly, the rivalry between the two nations is fueled by a deep-seated desire to be the best in the world, with both teams striving to assert their dominance on the international stage.
A game between South Africa and New Zealand is usually a highly anticipated event in the rugby world, with both teams known for their physicality, skill, and competitiveness.
The Kapa o Pango haka debuted in 2005, with South Africa being the first team to face it before a match in Dunedin, New Zealand. This choice was deliberate, reflecting the deep rivalry between the All Blacks and the Springboks.
The next year on 2 September 2006 in a game in Rustenburg, the Springboks became the first team of only four to beat the All Blacks in a match that had the "Kapa o Pango" performed prematch with a final score of 21–20.[117]
The biggest losing margin to the All Blacks for a test with the "Kapa o Pango" haka is 28 points which occurred in a test against South Africa at Twickenham Stadium on 25 August 2023, the final score being 35–7[118] (also the All Blacks' biggest defeat in history).
In tests starting with "Kapa o Pango", the Springboks have emerged victorious against the All Blacks on seven occasions, more than any other rugby team.
The first time South Africa and England faced each other was in 1903. The historical rivalry between these teams has increased on the back of two Rugby World Cup finals in which the teams faced one another, with the Springboks winning on both occasions in 2007 and 2019. In the 2023 Rugby World Cup campaign, the Springboks played against England in the semi-final. The Springboks won by a score of 16–15, adding further fuel to the rivalry between the two rugby nations.
See also: List of South Africa national rugby union players.
Strategic Transformation Development Plan 2030 (STDP 2030): The Transformation Charter adopted at a sports Indaba in 2011 was a "one-size fits all" mechanism to guide sport towards the achievement of the longer term transformation goal of an accessible, equitable, sustainable, competitive and demographically representative sport system.
In the case of demographic representation for example, STDP 2030 target of 60% generic Black (black African, Coloured and Indian representation) was set and is the current milestone towards the ultimate goal of a sport demographic profile in line with the national population demographic of 80% black African, 9% Coloured, 9% White and 2% Indian.[119] However the targets are not legally enforceable quotas.
See also: List of South Africa national rugby union team captains.
Thirteen former South African international players have been inducted into either the International Rugby Hall of Fame or the World Rugby Hall of Fame.
In addition to players, the World Rugby Hall of Fame has also inducted the following people:
The following South Africa players have been recognised at the World Rugby Awards since 2001:[121]
| width=40 | Year | width=150 | Nominees | width=150 | Winners |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Joe van Niekerk | — | |||
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2004 | Schalk Burger | align=center rowspan=2 | Schalk Burger | |
| Marius Joubert | |||||
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2005 | Bryan Habana | align=center rowspan=3 | — | |
| Victor Matfield | |||||
| 2006 | Fourie du Preez | ||||
| 2007 | Bryan Habana (2) | Bryan Habana | |||
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2009 | Fourie du Preez (2) | align=center rowspan=3 | — | |
| François Steyn | |||||
| 2010 | Victor Matfield (2) | ||||
| width=40 | Year | width=150 | Nominees | width=150 | Winners |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Eben Etzebeth | align=center rowspan=5 | — | ||
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2014 | Willie le Roux | |||
| Duane Vermeulen | |||||
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2018 | Faf de Klerk | |||
| Malcolm Marx | |||||
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2019 | Pieter-Steph du Toit | align=center rowspan=2 | Pieter-Steph du Toit | |
| Cheslin Kolbe | |||||
| 2022 | Lukhanyo Am | align=center rowspan=2 | — | ||
| 2023 | Eben Etzebeth (2) | ||||
| width=40 | Year | width=40 | width=150 | Players | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| align=center rowspan=5 | 2021 | 2. | Malcolm Marx | ||
| 5. | Eben Etzebeth | ||||
| 6. | Siya Kolisi | ||||
| 11. | Makazole Mapimpi | ||||
| 13. | Lukhanyo Am | ||||
| align=center rowspan=3 | 2022 | 2. | Malcolm Marx (2) | ||
| 12. | Damian de Allende | ||||
| 13. | Lukhanyo Am (2) | ||||
| 2023 | 4. | Eben Etzebeth (2) | |||
| width=40 | Year | width=150 | Nominees | width=150 | Winners |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Aphiwe Dyantyi | Aphiwe Dyantyi | |||
| 2019 | Herschel Jantjies | align=center rowspan=2 | — | ||
| 2023 | Manie Libbok | ||||
| width=40 | Year | width=90 | Date | width=170 | Scorer | width=160 | Match | width=150 | Tournament |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 27 June | Jaque Fourie | vs. British & Irish Lions | Lions Tour | |||||
| 2012 | 15 September | Bryan Habana | vs. New Zealand | Rugby Championship | |||||
| 2014 | 4 October | Francois Hougaard | vs. New Zealand | Rugby Championship | |||||
On 23 July, Head Coach Rassie Erasmus named a 33-player squad for the opening two matches of the 2024 Rugby Championship.[122]
Head Coach: Rassie Erasmus
The current coaching staff of the South African national team was revealed on 6 February 2024:[123]
| Coaches | Position |
|---|---|
| Director of Rugby | |
| Defence Coach | |
| Attack Coach | |
| Forwards Coach | |
| Backs Coach | |
| Assistant Coach | |
| Scrum Consultant | |
| Laws Adviser | |
The role and definition of the South Africa coach has varied significantly over the team's history. Hence a comprehensive list of coaches, or head selectors, is impossible. The following table is a list of coaches since the 1949 All Blacks tour to South Africa.Both World Cup-winning coaches, Christie and White, were inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame in 2011 alongside all other World Cup-winning head coaches through the 2007 edition.[124]
| Name | Years | Tests | Won | Drew | Lost | win percent | Accomplishments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danie Craven | 1949–1956 | 23 | 17 | 0 | 6 | 73% | New Zealand series win 1949; Australia series win 1953; British and Irish Lions series draw 1955; Australia series win 1956 | |
| Basil Kenyon | 1958 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0% | ||
| Boy Louw | 1960, 1961, 1965 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 67% | Australia series win 1961 | |
| Izak Van Heerden | 1962 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 75% | British and Irish Lions series win 1962 | |
| Felix du Plessis | 1964 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Johan Claassen | 1964, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974 | 21 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 62% | British and Irish Lions series win 1968; France series win 1968; New Zealand series win 1970; France series win 1971; Australia series win 1971 | |
| Hennie Muller | 1960, 1961, 1963, 1965 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 44% | New Zealand series win 1960; Australia series win 1963; | |
| Ian Kirkpatrick | 1967, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 75% | France series win 1967; France series win 1975, New Zealand series win 1976 | |
| Avril Malan | 1969–1970 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 50% | Australia series win 1969 | |
| Nelie Smith | 1980–1981 | 15 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 80% | South American Jaguars series win 1980 (1); British and Irish Lions series win 1980; South American Jaguars series win 1980 (2); Ireland series win 1981 | |
| Cecil Moss | 1982–1989 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 83% | South American Jaguars series win 1982; England series win 1984; South American Jaguars series win 1984; NZ Cavaliers series win 1986; World Invitation series win 1989 | |
| John Williams | 1992 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 20% | ||
| Ian McIntosh | 1993–1994 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 33% | ||
| Kitch Christie | 1994–1995 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 100% | Argentina series win 1994; Rugby World Cup winner 1995 | |
| Andre Markgraaff | 1996 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 61% | France series win 1996; Tri-Nations runner up 1996; Argentina series win 1996 | |
| Carel du Plessis | 1997 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 37% | Tri-Nations runner up 1997 | |
| Nick Mallett | 1997–2000 | 38 | 27 | 0 | 11 | 71% | Ireland series win 1998; World record equal longest unbeaten run (17 Games) 1997–1998; Tri-Nations winner 1998; Italy series win 1999; Rugby World Cup 3rd Place 1999 | |
| Harry Viljoen | 2000–2001 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 53% | ||
| Rudolf Straeuli | 2002–2003 | 23 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 52% | Wales series win 2002; Scotland series win 2003 | |
| Jake White | 2004–2007 | 54 | 36 | 1 | 17 | 66% | Ireland series win 2004; Tri-Nations winner 2004; France series win 2005; Tri-Nations runner up 2005; Scotland series win 2006; England series win 2007; Rugby World Cup winner 2007 | |
| Peter de Villiers | 2008–2011 | 48 | 30 | 0 | 18 | 62% | Wales series win 2008; Tri-Nations winner 2009; British and Irish Lions series win 2009; Beat the All Blacks three times in one year; Italy series win 2010 | |
| Heyneke Meyer | 2012–2015 | 48 | 32 | 2 | 14 | 66% | England series win 2012; Rugby Championship Runner-up 2012; Rugby Championship Runner-up 2013; Wales series win 2014; Rugby Championship Runner-up 2014, Rugby World Cup 3rd Place 2015 | |
| Allister Coetzee | 2016–2017 | 25 | 11 | 2 | 12 | 44% | Ireland series win 2016; France series win 2017 | |
| Rassie Erasmus | 2018–2019 | 26 | 17 | 1 | 8 | 65% | England series win 2018; Rugby Championship Runner-up 2018; Rugby Championship winner 2019; Rugby World Cup winner 2019 | |
| Jacques Nienaber | 2020–2023 | 39 | 27 | 0 | 12 | 69% | British and Irish Lions series win 2021, Wales series win 2022, Rugby Championship Runner-up 2022, Rugby Championship Runner-up 2023, Rugby World Cup winner 2023 | |
| Rassie Erasmus | 2024– | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 80% | Ireland series draw 2024 |