Sporocadus Explained

Sporocadus is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.^[1]

Species of the family Sporocadaceae are endophytic, plant pathogenic or saprobic, and associated with a wide range of host plants.^[2]

Sporocadus was established by Corda (in 1839) to include four species, but with no mention of the type. Hughes (in 1958) tried to lectotypify Sporocadus based on Sporocadus lichenicola. The genus was once synonymised under Seimatosporium by Sutton (in 1975), but was later classified as a distinct genus by Brockman (in 1976) and Nag Raj (in 1993). Liu et al. (2019a) showed that both Sporocadus and Seimatosporium are phylogenetically distinct and species in Sporocadus lack appendages.^[3]

It is one of the fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes in North America, especially Sporocadus incarnatus.^[4] Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by a complex of fungi (including Inonotus, Diatrype, Sporocadus and Phaeoacremonium species), are a global threat to vineyard longevity.^[5]

Collections of fungal samples from two dead leaf specimens from Italy found that Discosia ravennicasp and Sporocadus rosigena, two different genera in Xylariomycetidae subclass and Sordariomycetes class had been reported as being new hosts on Quercus ilex in 2021.

Distribution

It has a wide distribution, found in North America,^[4] Europe (including Italy,^[6]) and New Zealand.^{[5] [7]}

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;^[8]

• Sporocadus acerinus
• Sporocadus biseptatus
• Sporocadus cornicola
• Sporocadus cotini
• Sporocadus dacicus
• Sporocadus incanus
• Sporocadus mali
• Sporocadus microcyclus
• Sporocadus multiseptatus
• Sporocadus populinus
• Sporocadus rosarum
• Sporocadus rosigena ^{[2] [6]}
• Sporocadus rotundatus
• Sporocadus sorbi
• Sporocadus trimerus
• Sporocadus trimorphus

Former species;^[8]

• S. banksiae = Cooksonomyces banksiae, Ascomycota
• S. berckmansii = Seimatosporium berckmansii, Sporocadaceae
• S. caninus = Seimatosporium caninum, Sporocadaceae
• S. carpophilus = Stigmina carpophila, Mycosphaerellaceae
• S. cassiopes = Seimatosporium cassiopes, Sporocadaceae
• S. caudata = Seimatosporium caudatum, Sporocadaceae
• S. compactus = Thyrostroma compactum, Botryosphaeriaceae
• S. corni-albae = Coryneopsis corni-albae, Sporocadaceae
• S. georginae = Metadiplodia georginae, Ascomycota
• S. glandigenus = Seimatosporium glandigenum, Sporocadaceae
• S. herbarum = Diplodia herbarum, Botryosphaeriaceae
• S. lichenicola = Discostroma corticola, Sporocadaceae
• S. longestipitatus = Coryneum longistipitatum, Coryneaceae
• S. macrospermus = Seimatosporium macrospermum, Sporocadaceae
• S. maculans = Pestalotiopsis maculans, Pestalotiopsidaceae
• S. missionus = Seimatosporium missionum, Sporocadaceae
• S. pestalozzioides = Seimatosporium pestalozzioides, Sporocadaceae
• S. pezizoides = Seimatosporium pezizoides, Sporocadaceae
• S. platani = Pseudocercospora platanigena, Mycosphaerellaceae
• S. pyriformis = Metadiplodia pyriformis, Ascomycota
• S. rhododendri = Seimatosporium rhododendri, Sporocadaceae
• S. vaccinii = Seimatosporium vaccinii, Sporocadaceae

Notes and References

1. 6 . Wijayawardene . Nalin . Hyde . Kevin . Laith Khalil Tawfeeq . Al-Ani . Somayeh . Dolatabadi . Stadler . Marc . Haelewaters . Danny . Tsurykau . Andrei . Mesic . Armin . Navathe . Sudhir . Papp . Viktor . Oliveira Fiuza . Patrícia . Vázquez . Víctor . Gautam . Ajay . Becerra . Alejandra G. . Ekanayaka . Anusha . K. C. . Rajeshkumar . Bezerra . Jadson . Matočec . Neven . Maharachchikumbura . Sajeewa . Suetrong . Satinee . 2020 . Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa . Mycosphere . 11 . 1060–1456 . 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . free. 10481/61998 . free .
2. Liu . F. . Bonthond . G. . Groenewald . J.Z. . Cai . L. . Crous . P.W. . Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia . Studies in Mycology . March 2019 . 92 . 287–415 . 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001. 30584265 . 6298422 .
3. Web site: Chethana . Thilini . Sporocadus - Facesoffungi number: FoF 13580 . Faces Of Fungi . 17 February 2023 . 14 November 2022.
4. Travadon . Renaud . Lawrence . Daniel P. . Moyer . Michelle M. . Fujiyoshi . Phillip T. . Baumgartner . Kendra . Fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes, with novelties in the genera Cadophora, Cytospora, and Sporocadus . Front. Fungal Biol. . 7 October 2022 . 3 (Sec. Fungi-Plant Interactions) . 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1018140. 37746176 . 10512239 . free .
5. Mundy . Dion C. . Brown . Albre . Jacobo . Fernanda . Tennakoon . Kulatunga . Woolley . Rebecca H. . Vanga . Bhanupratap . Tyson . Joy . Johnston . Peter . Ridgway . Hayley J. . Bulman . Simon . Pathogenic fungi isolated in association with grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science . 2020 . 48 . 2 . 84–96 . 10.1080/01140671.2020.1716813. 213032421 .
6. Bundhun . Digvijayini . Jeewon . Rajesh . Senanayake . Indunil C. . Erio . Camporesi . Aluthmuhandiram . Janith V. S. . Tang . Alvin M. C. . Ji-Chuan . Kang . Bhoyroo . Vishwakalyan . Hyde . Kevin D. . [mycokeys.79.60662 Morpho-molecular characterization of ''Discosia ravennica'' sp. nov. and a new host record for ''Sporocadus rosigena'' ]. MycoKeys . 2021 . 79 . 173–192 . 10.3897/mycokeys.79.60662 . 33958954 . 8096799 . free .
7. Web site: Sporocadus Corda, 1839 . www.gbif.org . 17 February 2023 . en.
8. Web site: Sporocadus - Search Page . www.speciesfungorum.org . Species Fungorum . 17 February 2023.