Sporadic hemiplegic migraine explained

Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) is a form of hemiplegic migraine headache isolated cases of which are observed.[1] It is a rare disease. It is considered to be a separate type of migraine.[2]

Presentation

Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) has clinical symptoms identical to familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and distinct from migraine with aura. By definition the neurodeficits are supposed to be reversible. However, some cases with permanent neurological deficits have also been noted.[3]

Cause

CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCNA1 are genes associated with hemipeligic migraines, although many cases are considered idiopathic with no known cause. [4]

Diagnosis

Diagnostic criteria require motor symptoms and at least one visual, sensory, or speech symptom, resembling basilar migraine.[5] They may also be associated with cerebellar signs.[6]

Investigations

MRI features can be suggestive of cortical infarction and edema.[7]

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnoses can be:

Epidemiology

Prevalence is estimated to be 0.005%.[8] The age of onset has been found to be under 15 years in 40% of cases while it is between 10 and 14 years in one third of the cases. Females outnumber males, 4 to 1. Only 3% have attacks after age 52.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Genetics Home Reference. 19 June 2017. en.
  2. Thomsen. LL. Ostergaard. E. Olesen. J. Russell. MB. Evidence for a separate type of migraine with aura: sporadic hemiplegic migraine.. Neurology. 25 February 2003. 60. 4. 595–601. 10.1212/01.WNL.0000046524.25369.7D. 12601098. 25289521.
  3. Schwedt. Todd J.. Zhou. Jiying. Dodick. David W.. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine With Permanent Neurological Deficits. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. January 2014. 54. 1. 163–166. 10.1111/head.12232. 4220590. 24117121.
  4. Web site: RESERVED . INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS . Orphanet: Familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine . www.orpha.net . 2 October 2019 . en.
  5. Millichap. J Gordon. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine: A Separate Entity. Pediatric Neurology Briefs. 1 April 2003. 17. 4. 32. 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-17-4-8. free.
  6. Vahedi. K. Denier. C. Ducros. A. Bousson. V. Levy. C. Chabriat. H. Haguenau. M. Tournier-Lasserve. E. Bousser. MG. CACNA1A gene de novo mutation causing hemiplegic migraine, coma, and cerebellar atrophy.. Neurology. 10 October 2000. 55. 7. 1040–2. 10.1212/WNL.55.7.1040. 11061267. 26855561.
  7. Bhatia. Harsha. Babtain. Fawzi. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine with Seizures and Transient MRI Abnormalities. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine. 2011. 2011. 258372. 10.1155/2011/258372. 22937333. 3420796. free.
  8. Thomsen. LL. Olesen. J. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine. Cephalalgia. December 2004. 24. 12. 1016–1023. 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00788.x. 15566415. 2340725.

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