Spokesperson for the United States Department of State explained

Post:	Spokesperson for the United States Department of State
Insignia:	U.S. Department of State official seal.svg
Insigniasize:	120
Insigniacaption:	Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent:	Matthew Miller
Incumbentsince:	April 24, 2023
Appointer:	The Secretary of State
Website:	Official website

The Spokesperson for the United States Department of State is a U.S. government official whose primary responsibility is to serve as the spokesperson for the United States Department of State and the U.S. government's foreign policies. The position is located in the Bureau of Global Public Affairs.^[1]

Historically, the State Department Spokesperson and the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs were synonymous names for the same role. However, this has not been the case since Philip J. Crowley's tenure ended in 2011.^[2] Since 2011, the Assistant Secretary and the State Department Spokesperson have been two separate roles held by different people.^[3] In late 2015, the two roles were once again merged with the appointment of Spokesperson John Kirby as Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs.^[4]

Responsibilities

The State Department spokesperson is responsible for communicating the foreign policy of the United States to American and foreign media, typically in a daily press briefing. The daily press briefing typically includes a summary of the secretary of state's schedule, any upcoming trips by the secretary, the president of the United States, or other distinguished State Department officials including under secretaries and assistant secretaries, and official reactions and positions of the U.S. government on certain news of the day, followed by Q&A with journalists attending the briefing. A tradition that began during the tenure of John Foster Dulles as secretary of state in the 1950s,^[5] the daily press briefing is on-the-record, and is recorded and made available on the State Department's website.

The State Department spokesperson will also often accompany the secretary of state on travel to assist with press conferences.

List of State Department spokespeople

	Tenure	Spokesperson	President	Secretary of State
1	1927–1945	Michael J. McDermott^[6]	Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman	Frank B. Kellogg, Henry L. Stimson, Cordell Hull, Edward Stettinius, Jr.
2	1945–1948	Roger Tubby^[7]	Harry S. Truman	James F. Byrnes, George C. Marshall
3	1955–1963	Lincoln White^[8]	Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy	John Foster Dulles, Christian Herter, Dean Rusk
4	1964–1973	Robert J. McCloskey^[9]	Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon	Dean Rusk, William P. Rogers
5	1966–1970	Carl E. Bartch^[10]
6	1974–1976	Robert Anderson^[11]	Gerald Ford	Henry Kissinger
7	1977–1980	Hodding Carter III^[12]	Jimmy Carter	Cyrus Vance
8	1980–1981	William J. Dyess^[13]		Edmund Muskie
9	1981–1982	Dean E. Fischer^[14]	Ronald Reagan	Alexander Haig
10	1982–1985	Robert John Hughes^[15]		George P. Shultz
11	1985–1986	Bernard Kalb^[16]
12	1986–1989	Charles Edgar Redman^[17]
13	1989–1992	Margaret D. Tutwiler^[18]	George H. W. Bush	James Baker
14	1992–1993	Richard Boucher^[19]		Lawrence Eagleburger
15	1993–1995	Mike McCurry^[20]	Bill Clinton	Warren Christopher
16	1995–1997	R. Nicholas Burns^[21]
17	1997–2000	James Rubin^[22]		Madeleine Albright
18	2001–2005	Richard Boucher	George W. Bush	Colin Powell
19	2005–2009	Sean McCormack^[23]		Condoleezza Rice
20	2009-2010	Ian C. Kelly	Barack Obama	Hillary Clinton
21	2010-2011	Philip J. Crowley
22	2011–2013	Victoria Nuland
23	2013–2015	Jen Psaki		John Kerry
24	2015
25	2015–2017	John Kirby
26	2017		Donald Trump	Rex Tillerson
27	2017–2019	Heather Nauert^[24]		Rex Tillerson, Mike Pompeo
28	2019–2021	Morgan Ortagus		Mike Pompeo
29	2021–2023	Ned Price	Joe Biden	Antony Blinken
30	2023–present	Matthew Miller

External links

• Daily Press Briefings at the U.S. State Department

Notes and References

1. Web site: Bureau of Public Affairs: Senior Official Biographies . U.S. Department of State. October 2015. November 20, 2015.
2. Victoria Nuland to be State Department spokesman. Foreign Policy. May 16, 2011. November 20, 2015.
3. Web site: Biographies for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy: Senior Officials. August 10, 2015. November 20, 2015.
4. Web site: John Kirby. U.S. Department of State. December 11, 2015. March 10, 2016.
5. News: In first month of Trump presidency, State Department has been sidelined. Washington Post. February 22, 2017. February 25, 2017.
6. Book: Gleijeses, Piero. Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944 - 1954. Princeton University Press. 1991.
7. Book: Neal, Steve. HST: Memories of the Truman Years. Southern Illinois University Press. 2003.
8. News: Lincoln White is Dead at 77; U.S. Spokesman in Cold War. The New York Times. April 28, 1983. November 28, 2015.
9. News: Robert J. McCloskey, State Dept. Spokesman, Dies at 74. The New York Times. November 30, 1996. November 21, 2015.
10. News: Carl E. Bartch Dies at 78. Washington Post. October 2, 1989. November 21, 2015.
11. Web site: Robert Anderson Papers. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. November 21, 2015.
12. Web site: William Hodding Carter III (1935–). U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. November 21, 2015.
13. Web site: William Jennings Dyess (1929–1966). U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. November 21, 2015.
14. Web site: Dean E. Fischer (1936–). U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. November 21, 2015.
15. Web site: (Robert) John Hughes (1930–). U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. November 21, 2015.
16. Web site: Bernard Kalb: From NBC to the State Department. Brookings Institution. October 2, 2012. November 21, 2015.
17. Web site: Charles Edgar Redman (1943–). U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. November 21, 2015.
18. Web site: Margaret Debardeleben Tutwiler (1950–). U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian. November 21, 2015.
19. Web site: Richard A. Boucher. U.S. Department of State. February 21, 2006. November 21, 2015.
20. Web site: And the good news is...: A conversation with former White House Press Secretaries Dana Perino and Mike McCurry. American Enterprise Institute. April 23, 2015. November 21, 2015.
21. Web site: Nicholas Burns. U.S. Department of State. November 21, 2015.
22. Web site: James Rubin. Washington Speakers Bureau. November 21, 2015.
23. Web site: Department Spokesman Sean McCormack. U.S. Department of State. July 18, 2005. November 21, 2015.
24. Web site: Department Press Briefing - April 27, 2017. U.S. Department of State. 15 July 2017.