Spinoloricus cinziae explained

Spinoloricus cinziae is an animal species described in 2014 in the phylum Loricifera.

It was the first described animal species that does not require oxygen at any point during its life.^{[1] [2] [3]} The species, along with two other newly discovered species, Rugiloricus nov. sp. and Pliciloricus nov. sp. (all of order Nanaloricida), were found in the sediment of the anoxic L'Atalante basin of the Mediterranean Sea.^[3]

Electron microscope images^[3] show that the species' cellular innards appear to be adapted for a zero-oxygen life. Their mitochondria appear to act as hydrogenosomes, organelles which provide energy in some anaerobic single-celled creatures.^[4]

At adulthood, this species is characterized by a mouth cone with eight oral ridges, a neck with eight single trichoscalids alternating with seven double trichoscalids, as well as lorical plates with spikes located at the corners.^[5] More than 30 species in this group have been described.^[5]

Notes and References

1. Jackson P. (8 April 2010). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8609246.stm "First oxygen-free animals found". BBC News. accessed 16 April 2010.
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20100411211133/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/7570677/New-species-lives-without-oxygen.html New species 'live without oxygen'
3. Roberto Danovaro. The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions . . 2010 . 8. 30 . 30 . 10.1186/1741-7007-8-30 . 20370908 . 2907586. etal . free .
4. https://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/04/12/multicelled-animals-may-live-oxygen-free.html Multicelled Animals May Live Oxygen-Free
5. Neves. Ricardo Cardoso. Gambi. Cristina. Danovaro. Roberto. Kristensen. Reinhardt Møbjerg. 2014-10-02. Spinoloricus cinziae (Phylum Loricifera), a new species from a hypersaline anoxic deep basin in the Mediterranean Sea. Systematics and Biodiversity. 12. 4. 489–502. 10.1080/14772000.2014.943820. 84682701. 1477-2000.