Sperm-associated antigen 9 explained

C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 is a scaffold protein that in humans is encoded by the SPAG9 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Extracellular signals are transduced into cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases. The structural organization of these kinases into specific signaling domains is facilitated by scaffolding proteins involved in closely tethering different kinases so that successive phosphorylation events can occur. The protein encoded by this gene is a scaffolding protein that brings together mitogen-activated protein kinases and their transcription factor targets for the activation of specific signaling pathways. This gene which is abundantly expressed in testicular haploid germ cells encodes a protein that is recognized by sperm-agglutinating antibodies and implicated in infertility.^[3]

Clinical significance

SPAG9 is a potential biomarker for early cervical carcinoma^[4] bladder cancer,^[5] and lung cancer.^[6]

Interactions

SPAG9 has been shown to interact with MAX.^[7]

References

Further reading

• Ichijo H . From receptors to stress-activated MAP kinases . Oncogene . 18 . 45 . 6087–93 . Nov 1999 . 10557099 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1203129 . free .
• Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, Kikuno R, Ohara O, Nagase T . Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones . DNA Research . 9 . 3 . 99–106 . Jun 2002 . 12168954 . 10.1093/dnares/9.3.99 . free .
• Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro . DNA Research . 5 . 1 . 31–9 . Feb 1998 . 9628581 . 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 . free .
• Lee CM, Onésime D, Reddy CD, Dhanasekaran N, Reddy EP . JLP: A scaffolding protein that tethers JNK/p38MAPK signaling modules and transcription factors . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 22 . 14189–94 . Oct 2002 . 12391307 . 137859 . 10.1073/pnas.232310199 . 2002PNAS...9914189L . free .
• Yasuoka H, Ihn H, Medsger TA, Hirakata M, Kawakami Y, Ikeda Y, Kuwana M . A novel protein highly expressed in testis is overexpressed in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts and targeted by autoantibodies . Journal of Immunology . 171 . 12 . 6883–90 . Dec 2003 . 14662895 . 10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6883 . free .
• Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, Angrand PO, Bergamini G, Croughton K, Cruciat C, Eberhard D, Gagneur J, Ghidelli S, Hopf C, Huhse B, Mangano R, Michon AM, Schirle M, Schlegl J, Schwab M, Stein MA, Bauer A, Casari G, Drewes G, Gavin AC, Jackson DB, Joberty G, Neubauer G, Rick J, Kuster B, Superti-Furga G . A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway . Nature Cell Biology . 6 . 2 . 97–105 . Feb 2004 . 14743216 . 10.1038/ncb1086 . 11683986 .
• Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, Mukherji M, Stettler-Gill M, Peters EC . Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry . Analytical Chemistry . 76 . 10 . 2763–72 . May 2004 . 15144186 . 10.1021/ac035352d .
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP . Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 101 . 33 . 12130–5 . Aug 2004 . 15302935 . 514446 . 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . 2004PNAS..10112130B . free .
• Jagadish N, Rana R, Selvi R, Mishra D, Garg M, Yadav S, Herr JC, Okumura K, Hasegawa A, Koyama K, Suri A . Characterization of a novel human sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) having structural homology with c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interacting protein . The Biochemical Journal . 389 . Pt 1 . 73–82 . Jul 2005 . 15693750 . 1184539 . 10.1042/BJ20041577 .
• Jagadish N, Rana R, Mishra D, Kumar M, Suri A . Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9): a new member of c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) interacting protein exclusively expressed in testis . The Keio Journal of Medicine . 54 . 2 . 66–71 . Jun 2005 . 16077255 . 10.2302/kjm.54.66 . free .
• Guinn BA, Bland EA, Lodi U, Liggins AP, Tobal K, Petters S, Wells JW, Banham AH, Mufti GJ . Humoral detection of leukaemia-associated antigens in presentation acute myeloid leukaemia . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 335 . 4 . 1293–304 . Oct 2005 . 16112646 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.024 .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . Oct 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Rana R, Jagadish N, Garg M, Mishra D, Dahiya N, Chaurasiya D, Suri A . Small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of sperm associated antigen 9 having structural homology with c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interacting protein . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 340 . 1 . 158–64 . Feb 2006 . 16356479 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.168 . 7092841 .
• Rana R, Jagadish N, Garg M, Mishra D, Dahiya N, Chaurasiya D, Suri A . Immunogenicity study of recombinant human sperm-associated antigen 9 in bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) . Human Reproduction . 21 . 11 . 2894–900 . Nov 2006 . 16959808 . 10.1093/humrep/del068 . free .

Notes and References

1. Shankar S, Mohapatra B, Suri A . Cloning of a novel human testis mRNA specifically expressed in testicular haploid germ cells, having unique palindromic sequences and encoding a leucine zipper dimerization motif . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 243 . 2 . 561–5 . Feb 1998 . 9480848 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7943 .
2. Bowman AB, Kamal A, Ritchings BW, Philp AV, McGrail M, Gindhart JG, Goldstein LS . Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein . Cell . 103 . 4 . 583–94 . Nov 2000 . 11106729 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00162-8 . 247102 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: SPAG9 sperm associated antigen 9.
4. Garg M, Kanojia D, Salhan S, Suri S, Gupta A, Lohiya NK, Suri A . Sperm-associated antigen 9 is a biomarker for early cervical carcinoma . Cancer . 115 . 12 . 2671–83 . 2009 . 19326449 . 10.1002/cncr.24293 . 23461660 . free .
5. Kanojia D, Garg M, Saini S, Agarwal S, Parashar D, Jagadish N, Seth A, Bhatnagar A, Gupta A, Kumar R, Lohiya NK, Suri A . Sperm associated antigen 9 plays an important role in bladder transitional cell carcinoma . PLOS ONE . 8 . 12 . e81348 . 2013 . 24349057 . 3857194 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0081348 . 2013PLoSO...881348K . free .
6. Ren B, Wei X, Zou G, He J, Xu G, Xu F, Huang Y, Zhu H, Li Y, Ma G, Yu P . Cancer testis antigen SPAG9 is a promising marker for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer . Oncology Reports . 35 . 5 . 2599–605 . 2016 . 26934841 . 4811394 . 10.3892/or.2016.4645 .
7. Lee CM, Onésime D, Reddy CD, Dhanasekaran N, Reddy EP . JLP: A scaffolding protein that tethers JNK/p38MAPK signaling modules and transcription factors . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 22 . 14189–94 . Oct 2002 . 12391307 . 137859 . 10.1073/pnas.232310199 . 2002PNAS...9914189L . free .