Spencer Wharton Brown Explained

Spencer Wharton Brown
Birth Date:	20 November 1918
Birth Place:	Vermillion, South Dakota, U.S.
Death Place:	Berkeley, California, U.S.
Nationality:	American
Fields:	Genetics
Workplaces:	UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
Alma Mater:	University of Minnesota University of California, Davis

Spencer Wharton Brown (28 November 1918 – 10 June 1977) was a professor and cyto-geneticist. He taught and did research at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1945 until his murder on June 10, 1977.^{[1] [2]} Brown was internationally renowned and sometimes referred to as "Mr. Chromosome."^[3] He was the president of the International Congress of Genetics.^[4] Brown was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1956 in the field of plant studies.^[5] He was the first to identify what is called paternal genome elimination in scale insects.

Life and work

Brown was born in Vermillion, South Dakota.^[1] He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Minnesota at the age of 20. He was mentored by Barbara McClintock for three years at the University of Missouri. When McClintock moved to the Carnegie Institute, Brown transferred to the University of California at Davis, where he received his Ph.D. in genetics for his study on Californian blackberries (Rubus spp.) one year later, in 1942.

During the war he worked briefly in a shipyard as a welder and afterwards took an interest in psychotherapy and sought to become a professional and obtained admission to the Stanford and UCSF medical schools but decided not to follow it. He became an assistant professor at the University of Georgia in 1943. In 1945 he moved to Berkeley where he taught genetics. Spencer and Marion S. Cave studied the interaction between pollen and ovule of Lilium together.^{[6] [7] [8]} Spencer conducted cytological and karyological studies on tomatoes,^[9] Drosophila and was especially interested in maternal effects.^{[10] [11]} He visited numerous laboratories around the world and in 1956 visited Trinidad to examine the genetics of banana. An association with the entomologist Frederick D. Bennett made him shift his interests to insect evolution and examined male haploidy in insects.^{[12] [13] [14]} He identified the elimination of paternal genomes in male scale insects and noticed variations across several families and examined the evolution of these systems.^{[15] [16]}

Personal life

At the age of 21 Brown married Roberta Schuknecht. After 18 years together the marriage ended in divorce.

Death

Brown was found dead at age 57 in his duplex apartment after failing to appear at a commencement ceremony. He had been bound and gagged before being shot twice in the back. Three suspects were identified. One, Jeanette Iles, 27, pleaded guilty to participating in the robbery/murder, and was sentenced to a life sentence.

Awards

Brown received the 1956 Guggenheim Fellowship, one of 44 such awards the University of California received that year.^[17]

Notes and References

1. News: Reiterman . Tim . Tim Reiterman . A gentle professor with some violent friends . 3 May 2019 . . June 14, 1977 . 1, 18 . . limited. 2nd page
2. Web site: University of California: In Memoriam, September 1978. texts.cdlib.org. 2019-05-02.
3. Book: Gold, Michael. A Conspiracy of Cells: One Woman's Immortal Legacy-And the Medical Scandal It Caused. SUNY Press. 1986. 0887060994. 50. 6.Keeper of the Cells . 85-26264.
4. News: A guilty plea in prof's slaying . 3 May 2019 . . June 10, 1978 . 6 . limited . Newspapers.com.
5. Web site: Spencer W. Brown . . 3 May 2019.
6. Brown . Spencer W. . Cave . Marion S. . 1954 . The Detection and Nature of Dominant Lethals in Lilium. I. Effects of X Rays on the Heritable Component and Functional Ability of the Pollen Grain . American Journal of Botany . 41 . 6 . 455–469 . 10.2307/2438856 . 2438856 . 0002-9122.
7. Cave . Marion S. . Brown . Spencer W. . The Detection and Nature of Dominant Lethals in Lilium. Ii. Cytological Abnormalities in Ovules After Pollen Irradiation . June 1954 . American Journal of Botany . en . 41 . 6 . 469–483 . 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1954.tb14364.x.
8. Cave . Marion S. . Brown . Spencer W. . 1957 . The Detection and Nature of Dominant Lethals in Lilium. III. Rates of Early Embryogeny in Normal and Lethal Ovules . American Journal of Botany . 44 . 1 . 1–8 . 10.2307/2438338 . 2438338 . 0002-9122.
9. Brown. Spencer W.. Nelson-Rees. Walter A.. 1961. Radiation Analysis of a Lecanoid Genetic System. Genetics. 46. 8. 983–1007. 10.1093/genetics/46.8.983. 0016-6731. 1210258. 17248058.
10. Brown. Spencer W.. Zohary. Daniel. 1955. The Relationship of Chiasmata and Crossing over in Lilium Formosanum. Genetics. 40. 6. 850–873. 10.1093/genetics/40.6.850. 0016-6731. 1224352. 17247595.
11. Brown. Spencer W.. 1949. The Structure and Meiotic Behavior of the Differentiated Chromosomes of Tomato. Genetics. 34. 4. 437–461. 10.1093/genetics/34.4.437. 0016-6731. 1209457. 17247326.
12. Brown. Spencer W.. Nur. Uzi. 1964. Heterochromatic Chromosomes in the Coccids. Science. 145. 3628. 130–136. 0036-8075. 1714122. 10.1126/science.145.3628.130. 14171547. 1964Sci...145..130B.
13. Dempster E. Green MM. Nelson-Rees W. St Lawrence P.. 1978. Spencer Wharton Brown, 1918-1977.. Genetics. 88. 42 Suppl. 137–8. 348563.
14. Chandra. H. Sharat. Brown. Spencer W.. 1975. Chromosome imprinting and the mammalian X chromosome. Nature. en. 253. 5488. 165–168. 10.1038/253165a0. 1089205. 0028-0836. 1975Natur.253..165C. 4164037.
15. Brown. Spencer W.. 1958. The Chromosomes of an Orthezia Species (Coccoidea-Homoptera). Cytologia. en. 23. 4. 429–434. 10.1508/cytologia.23.429. 0011-4545. free.
16. Brown. Spencer W.. 1967. Chromosome systems of the Eriococcidae (Coccoidea-Homoptera): I. A survey of several genera. Chromosoma. en. 22. 2. 126–150. 10.1007/BF00326725. 40767232. 0009-5915.
17. Book: University of California. University Bulletin:A Weekly Bulletin for the Staff of the University of California. Office of Official Publications, University of California. 1955. 1.